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Diabetes, Obesity and the Nutrition Transition in the Mercosur

Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2016年第1期6卷 28-37页

作者： Tatiane Andreazza Lucchese Amanda Maia Breis Karine Rucker Vagner Rosa Bizarro Lis Marina Mesquita Araújo Alessandre Gomes Mikele Torino Paletti Ana Luísa Conceição de Jesus Marcella Garcez Duarte Denise Rosso Tenório Wanderley Rocha Alberto Krayyem Arbex division of Endocrinology IPEMED Medical School (IPEMED) Sao Paulo Brazil Brazilian Association of nutrology (ABRAN) Catanduva Sao Paulo Brazil Visiting Scholar Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Boston USA

Diabetes and obesity are major health hazards in Latin America nowadays. Their prevalence has steadily increased since the eighties. Today, more than 50% of the population are overweight, 15% has obesity and 6% to 15% has diabetes. The nutrition transition is a long-term process that brings chronic metabolic diseases as an undesired consequence, whilst ultra processed foods become increasingly part of daily food choices. These changes bring impacts in all fields of daily life, especially in the economic and legal fields—the “Right to Health”—and regarding autonomy of the individual and their choices, when confronted with an ideal of health and well-being. Governments and citizens struggle to propose new pathways and find effective solutions to control both epidemics and solve these issues. This article poses the evolution of diabetes and obesity in the Mercosur, seeking a better understanding of these chronic, non-communicable diseases, and looking for concrete, effective solutions towards health in South America.

关键词： Obesity Diabetes Mercosur Nutrition Transition Right to Health South America

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Increased Nitrogen Retention after Trans-Operative Intravenous Amino Acid and Glucose Infusion, without Changes in Urinary Amino Acid, Adrenaline and Plasma Urea or Glucose

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Health 2014年第10期6卷 1012-1018页

作者： Ernann Tenorio Albuquerque-Filho Mario Jorge Juca Gilberto Joao Padovan Julio Sergio Marchini division of nutrology Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine of Ribeir&atilde o Preto University of S&atilde o Paulo Ribeir&atilde o Preto Brazil Maceió University Hospital Coloproctology Alagoas Federal University Maceió Brazil Maceió University Hospital Federal University and Coordination Alagoas State Urgency Service Maceió Brazil

Objective: Nutritional deficiencies are associated with increased morbidity and mortality during and after surgery. The present study evaluated nitrogen retention after transoperative intravenous infusion of amino acids and glucose. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Large community hospital. Patients: 18 randomly chosen patients undergoing medium or major surgeries. Interventions and Measurements: The experimental design included a 12-hour period before surgery (P1), a trans-operative period of 6 hours (P2), an early postoperative period (P3, 18 hours), and a late postoperative period (P4, 24 hours). Urinary amino acid and nitrogen were analyzed from P1 through P4. Group I, nine patients, received Ringer’s lactate solution with 5% glucose, and Group II, another nine patients, received a 6.6% amino acid and 16.6% glucose solution over a 6-hour trans-operative period (P2) starting from the anesthesia procedures. All surgical procedures lasted a maximum of 3 hours. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in urinary amino acid or adrenaline excretion between P1 and P4 in either group. Nitrogen excretion values were also similar for both groups, i.e., 0.39 ± 0.16 and 0.39 ± 0.28 g/hour, respectively. The nitrogen balance showed greater nitrogen retention (﹣0.25 ± 0.24 g/hour) in the group receiving the amino acid infusion compared to the group receiving Ringer’s lactate solution (﹣0.59 ± 0.26 g/hour) (P < 0.05). Blood plasma urea nitrogen and glycaemia did not increase at the end of the study (P4 period) in either group. Conclusion: These data indicate that trans-operative infusion of glucose and amino acids can be beneficial for patients submitted to surgical stress in terms of nitrogen retention.

关键词： Nutrition Surgery Protein Metabolism Amino Acids Adrenaline

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