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Can training extend current guidelines for cochlear implant candidacy?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第5期10卷 718-720页

作者： Amal Isaiah Douglas E.H.Hartley Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Maryland School of Medicine National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit Otology and Hearing Group Division of Clinical NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineUniversity of Nottingham Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Hearing Research

Since their introduction in the 1960s, cochlear implants （CIS） have undergone several transformations, ulti- mately positioning themselves as the best-performing neural prosthesis available today. They have also been recognized as a unique tool for studying the potential protective effects of patterned electrical stimulation on the developing auditory system, with results from animal models often changing the manner in which CIs are used clinically to deliver auditory information to the brain （Moore and Shannon, 2009）. From the development of the first successful commercial single-channel device, they have evolved into multi-channel devices that are part of the national health programmes of several coun- tries. From the limited speech information provided by the early, rudimentary cochlear implants, these devices are now in a position to deliver intelligible speech infor- mation to the auditory system, largely due to advances in signal processing. Concerted efforts from several dis- ciplines, including engineering, acoustics, neurobiology and otolaryngology have ensured that the continued development of CI technology has resulted in signifi- cant benefits to individuals with profound sensorineural hearing loss.

关键词： Can training extend current guidelines for cochlear implant candidacy CI

Designing and generating a mouse model:frequently asked questions

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2021年第2期35卷 76-90页

作者： Channabasavaiah BGurumurthy Thomas LSaunders Masato Ohtsuka Department of Pharmacology and Experimental neuroscience Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68106-5915USA Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68106-5915USA Department of Internal medicine Division of Genetic MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA Transgenic Animal Model Core University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Molecular Life Science Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular MedicineTokai University School of MedicineIseharaKanagawa 259-1193Japan The Institute of Medical Sciences Tokai UniversityIseharaKanagawa 259-1193Japan

Genetically engineered mouse(GEM)models are commonly used in biomedical *** GEMs involve complex set of experimental procedures requiring sophisticated equipment and highly skilled technical *** of these reasons,most research institutes set up centralized core facilities where custom GEMs are created for research ***,on the other hand,when they begin thinking about generating GEMs for their research,several questions arise in their *** example,what type of model(s)would be best useful for my research,how do I design them,what are the latest technologies and tools available for developing my model(s),and finally how to breed GEMs in my *** there are several considerations and options in mouse designs,and as it is an expensive and time-consuming endeavor,careful planning upfront can ensure the highest chance of *** this article,we provide brief answers to several frequently asked questions that arise when researchers begin thinking about generating mouse model(s)for their work.

关键词： CRISPR transgenic mouse genetic engineering knockout mouse conditional knockout mouse knock-in mouse

Improvement in acupoint selection for acupuncture of nerves surrounding the injury site: electro-acupuncture with Governor vessel with local meridian acupoints

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第1期10卷 128-135页

作者： Guan-heng He Jing-wen Ruan Yuan-shan Zeng Xin Zhou Ying Ding Guang-hui Zhou Department of Acupuncture the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen University division of neuroscience Department of Histology and EmbryologyZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen University Rehabilitation Department People’s Hospital of Dongguan ShilongSouthern Medical University

Peripheral nerve injury not only affects the site of the injury, but can also induce neuronal apop- tosis at the spinal cord. However, many acupuncture clinicians still focus only on the injury site, selecting acupoints entirely along the injured nerve trunk and neglecting other regions; this may delay onset of treatment efficacy and rehabilitation. Therefore, in the present study, we compared the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at Governor vessel and local meridian acupoints combined （GV/LM group） with acupuncture at local meridian acupoints alone （LM group） in the treatment of patients with peripheral nerve injury. In the GV/LM group （n = 15）, in addition to meridian acupoints at the injury site, the following acupoints on the Governor vessel were stimulated： Baihui （GV20）, Fengfu （GV16）, Dazhui （GV14）, and Shenzhu （GV12）, selected to treat nerve injury of the upper limb, and Jizhong （GV6）, Mingmen （GV4）, Yaoyangguan （GV3）, and Yaoshu （GV2） to treat nerve injury of the lower limb. In the LM group （n = 15）, only me- ridian acupoints along the injured nerve were selected. Both groups had electroacupuncture treatment for 30 minutes, once a day, 5 times per week, for 6 weeks. Two cases dropped out of the LM group. A good or excellent clinical response was obtained in 80% of the patients in the GV/ LM group and 38.5% of the LM group. In a second study, an additional 20 patients underwent acupuncture with the same prescription as the GV/LM group. Electomyographic nerve conduc- tion tests were performed before and after acupuncture to explore the mechanism of action of the treatment. An effective response was observed in 80.0% of the patients, with greater motor nerve conduction velocity and amplitude after treatment, indicating that electroacupuncture on specific Governor vessel acupoints promotes functional motor nerve repair after peripheral nerve injury. In addition, electromyography was performed before, during and after electroacu- puncture in one patient with rad

关键词： nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury acupuncture electroacupuncture Governorvessel acupoints local acupoints eleetrophysiology spinal cord motor nerve conduction functionalrepair neural regeneration

Ethanol exposed maturing rat cerebellar granule cells show impaired energy metabolism and increased cell death after oxygen-glucose deprivation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第3期14卷 485-490页

作者： Ana Spataru Diana Le Duc Leon Zagrean Ana-Maria Zagrean division of Physiology and neuroscience Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy King's College Hospital London UK Institute of Human Genetics University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics Leipzig GermanyDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

Alcohol, a widely abused drug, has deleterious effects on the immature nervous system. This study investigates the effect of chronic in vitro ethanol exposure on the metabolism of immature rat cerebellar granular cells(CGCs) and on their response to oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD). Primary CGC cultures were exposed to ethanol(100 mM in culture medium) or to control ethanol-free medium starting day one in vitro(DIV1). At DIV8, the expression of ATP synthase gene ATP5 g3 was quantified using real-time PCR, then cultures were exposed to 3 hours of OGD or normoxic conditions. Subsequently, cellular metabolism was assessed by a resazurin assay and by ATP level measurement. ATP5 g3 expression was reduced by 12-fold(P = 0.03) and resazurin metabolism and ATP level were decreased to 74.4 ± 4.6% and 55.5 ± 6.9%, respectively after chronic ethanol treatment compared to control values(P < 0.01). Additionally, after OGD exposure of ethanol-treated cultures, resazurin metabolism and ATP level were decreased to 12.7 ± 1.0% and 9.0 ± 2.0% from control values(P < 0.01). These results suggest that chronic ethanol exposure reduces the cellular ATP level, possibly through a gene expression down-regulation mechanism, and increases the vulnerability to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Thus, interventions which improve metabolic function and sustain ATP-levels could attenuate ethanol-induced neuronal dysfunction and should be addressed in future studies.

关键词： cell culture chronic ethanol exposure oxygen-glucose deprivation cerebellar granule cells toxicity gene expression cellular ATP cellular metabolism metabolic impairment cell death

Distributions of Visual Receptive Fields from Retinotopic to Craniotopic Coordinates in the Lateral Intraparietal Area and Frontal Eye Fields of the Macaque

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neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 171-181页

作者： Lin Yang Min Jin Cong Zhang Ning Qian Mingsha Zhang Key Laboratory of Cognitive neuroscience and Learning Division of PsychologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of neuroscience Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Department of neuroscience and Zuckerman Institute Columbia UniversityNew York 10027USA

Even though retinal images of objects change their locations following each eye movement,we perceive a stable and continuous *** possible mechanism by which the brain achieves such visual stability is to construct a craniotopic coordinate by integrating retinal and extraretinal *** have been several proposals on how this may be done,including eye-position modulation(gain fields)of retinotopic receptive fields(RFs)and craniotopic *** the present study,we investigated coordinate systems used by RFs in the lateral intraparietal(LIP)cortex and frontal eye fields(FEF)and compared the two *** mapped the two-dimensional RFs of neurons in detail under two eye fixations and analyzed how the RF of a given neuron changes with eye position to determine its coordinate *** same recording and analysis procedures were applied to the two brain *** found that,in both areas,RFs were distributed from retinotopic to craniotopic *** was no significant difference between the distributions in the LIP and *** a small fraction of neurons was fully craniotopic,whereas most neurons were between the retinotopic and craniotopic *** distributions were strongly biased toward the retinotopic side but with significant craniotopic *** results suggest that there is only weak evidence for craniotopic RFs in the LIP and FEF,and that transformation from retinotopic to craniotopic coordinates in these areas must rely on other factors such as gain fields.

关键词： Reference frames Eye-centered Headcentered Visual stability

Hybrid vs sequential therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Taiwan: a prospective randomized trial

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第36期21卷 10435-10442页

作者： Kuan-Yang Chen Tsung-Jung Lin Chin-Lin Lin Hsi-Chang Lee Chung-Kwe Wang Deng-Chyang Wu Institute of Clinical medicine National YangMing University Institute of neuroscience National Chengchi University Liver Center Department of GastroenterologyRen-Ai BranchTaipei City Hospital division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University Hospital division of Internal medicine Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang HospitalKaohsiung Medical University Center for Stem Cell Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Department of medicine Faculty of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical University Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research Kaohsiung Medical University

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of sequential vs hybrid therapy in patients with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) ***: From March 2013 to May 2014,one hundred and seventy-five H. pylori infected patients who had not been treated for H. pylori before wererandomized to receive either sequential therapy(rabeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 1 g twice daily for 5 d,followed by rabeprazole 20 mg,clarithromycin 500 mg and metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 5 d) or hybrid therapy(rabeprazole 20 mg and amoxicillin 1 g for 7 d,followed by rabeprazole 20 mg,amoxicillin 1 g,clarithromycin 500 mg and metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for 7 d). H. pylori status was confirmed by positive results of both rapid urease test and histology examination or a positive result of culture. Eradication efficacy was assessed by follow-up endoscopy with rapid urease test and histological examination 8 wk after the end of anti-H. pylori therapy,or 13C-urea breath test at least 4 wk after completion of treatment. The primary outcome was H. pylori eradication by intension-to-treat(ITT) and per-protocol(PP) ***: One hundred and sixty-seven patients(83 patients in the sequential group and 84 patients in the hybrid group) completed the study. The compliance rates were 97.6% and 97.7% for the two groups,respectively. The eradication rate was 78.2% for the sequential group and 92% for the hybrid group by ITT analysis(P = 0.01). The eradication rate was 81.9% for the sequential group and 96.4% for the hybrid group by PP analysis(P = 0.01). Univariate analysis for the clinical and bacterial factors did not identify any risk factors associated with treatment failure. Severe adverse events were observed in 2.3% of patients in the sequential group and 2.4% of those in the hybrid ***: Due to a grade A(> 95%) success rate for H. pylori eradication by PP analysis,similar compliance and adverse events,hybrid therapy seems to be an appropriate eradication regimen in Taiwan.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Sequential therapy Hybrid ther

Simple and reproducible hepatectomy in the mouse using the clip technique

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第22期18卷 2767-2774页

作者： Tomohide Hori Norifumi Ohashi Feng Chen Ann-Marie T Baine Lindsay B Gardner Toshiyuki Hata Shinji Uemoto Justin H Nguyen Department of neuroscience Mayo Clinic in FloridaJacksonville FL 32224 United States Gastroenterological Surgery Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Aichi 466-8550 Japan division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery Department of Surgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto 606-8507 Japan

AIM: To investigate the reliability of massive hepatectomy models by using clip techniques. METHODS: We analyzed anatomical findings in 100 mice following massive hepatectomy induced by liver reduction > 70%. The impact of various factors in the different models was also analyzed, including learning curves, operative time, survival curves, and histopathological ***: According to anatomical results, models with 75%, 80%, and 90% hepatectomy produced massive hepatectomy. Learning curves and operative times were most optimal with the clip technique. Each hepatectomy performed using the clip technique produced a reasonable survival curve, and there were no differences in histopathological findings between the suture and clip techniques. CONCLUSION: Massive hepatectomy by the clip technique is simple and can provide reliable and relevant data.

关键词： Hepatectomy Animal model Clip Micro-surgery Surgical technique

The secretome of endothelial progenitor cells: a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1483-1489页

作者： Mansour Alwjwaj Rais Reskiawan AKadir Ulvi Bayraktutan Stroke Division of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of NottinghamClinical Sciences BuildingCity HospitalHucknall RoadNottinghamNG51PBUK

Ischemic stroke continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Despite recent advances in the field of stroke medicine, thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains as the only pharmacological therapy for stroke patients. However, due to short therapeutic window(4.5 hours of stroke onset) and increased risk of hemorrhage beyond this point, each year globally less than 1% of stroke patients receive this therapy which necessitate the discovery of safe and efficacious therapeutics that can be used beyond the acute phase of stroke. Accumulating evidence indicates that endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs), equipped with an inherent capacity to migrate, proliferate and differentiate, may be one such therapeutics. However, the limited availability of EPCs in peripheral blood and early senescence of few isolated cells in culture conditions adversely affect their application as effective therapeutics. Given that much of the EPC-mediated reparative effects on neurovasculature is realized by a wide range of biologically active substances released by these cells, it is possible that EPC-secretome may serve as an important therapeutic after an ischemic stroke. In light of this assumption, this review paper firstly discusses the main constituents of EPC-secretome that may exert the beneficial effects of EPCs on neurovasculature, and then reviews the currently scant literature that focuses on its therapeutic capacity.

关键词： antioxidants cell-based therapy cell-free therapy endothelial progenitor cells inflammatory cytokines regenerative medicine secretome stroke vasodegeneration vasorepair

Optical tissue clearing enables rapid,precise and comprehensive assessment of three-dimensional morphology in experimental nerve regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1348-1356页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Jennifer Zhang Tessa Gordon Gregory H.Borschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of medicine IndianapolisINUSA

Morphological analyses are key outcome assessments for nerve regeneration studies but are historically limited to tissue *** optical tissue clearing techniques enabling three-dimensional imaging of entire organs at a subcellular resolution have revolutionized morphological studies of the *** extend their applicability to experimental nerve repair studies we adapted these techniques to nerves and their motor and sensory targets in *** solvent-based protocols rendered harvested peripheral nerves and their target organs transparent within 24 hours while preserving tissue architecture and *** optical clearing was compatible with conventional laboratory techniques,including retrograde labeling studies,and computational image segmentation,providing fast and precise cell ***,optically cleared organs enabled three-dimensional morphometry at an unprecedented scale including dermatome-wide innervation studies,tracing of intramuscular nerve branches or mapping of neurovascular *** their wide-ranging applicability,rapid processing times,and low costs,tissue clearing techniques are likely to be a key technology for next-generation nerve repair *** procedures were approved by the Hospital for Sick Children’s Laboratory Animal Services Committee(49871/9)on November 9,2019.

关键词： histology image segmentation morphometry nerve regeneration outcome assessment peripheral nerve three-dimensional imaging tissue clearing