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Molecular insights of exercise therapy in disease prevention and treatment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第6期9卷 2564-2597页

作者： David Walzik Tiffany Y.Wences Chirino Philipp Zimmer Niklas Joisten division of Performance and Health(sports Medicine) Institute for Sport and Sport ScienceTU Dortmund University44227 DortmundNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany division of exercise and Movement science Institute for Sport ScienceUniversity of Göttingen37075 GöttingenLower SaxonyGermany

Despite substantial evidence emphasizing the pleiotropic benefits of exercise for the prevention and treatment of various diseases,the underlying biological mechanisms have not been fully *** exercise benefits have been attributed to signaling molecules that are released in response to exercise by different tissues such as skeletal muscle,cardiac muscle,adipose,and liver *** signaling molecules,which are collectively termed exerkines,form a heterogenous group of bioactive substances,mediating inter-organ crosstalk as well as structural and functional tissue *** scientific endeavors have focused on identifying and characterizing new biological mediators with such ***,some investigations have focused on the molecular targets of exerkines and the cellular signaling cascades that trigger adaption processes.A detailed understanding of the tissue-specific downstream effects of exerkines is crucial to harness the health-related benefits mediated by exercise and improve targeted exercise programs in health and ***,we review the current in vivo evidence on exerkine-induced signal transduction across multiple target tissues and highlight the preventive and therapeutic value of exerkine signaling in various *** emphasizing different aspects of exerkine research,we provide a comprehensive overview of(i)the molecular underpinnings of exerkine secretion,(ii)the receptor-dependent and receptor-independent signaling cascades mediating tissue adaption,and(iii)the clinical implications of these mechanisms in disease prevention and treatment.

关键词： prevention treatment collective

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The effect of high and low exercise intensity periods on a simple memory recognition test

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Journal of sport and Health science 2016年第3期5卷 342-348页

作者： Ben Rattray Disa J.Smee Discipline of sport and exercise science Faculty of Health University of Canberra University of Canberra Research Institute for sport and exercise University of Canberra

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of variable intensities on a simple memory recognition task during ***: Twenty active participants took part in initial testing, a familiarization trial and then four 60 min cycling interventions in a randomized *** consisted of no exercise（control）, constant exercise at 90% ventilatory threshold（constant） and 2 trials that initially mimicked the constant trial, but then included periods of high(90% VO2peak) and low intensities(50% VO2peak). Cardiorespiratory measures and capillary blood samples were taken throughout. A short tablet-based cognitive task was completed prior to and during（50 and 55 min into exercise） each ***: The exercise conditions facilitated response time（p = 0.009）, although the extent of this effect was not as strong in the variable exercise conditions（p = 0.011–0.089）. High intensity exercise periods resulted in some cognitive regression back towards control trial *** in cardiorespiratory measures and periods of hypocapnia could not explain changes in cognitive ***: Changes in cognitive performance with variations in exercise intensity are likely to have implications for sport and occupational settings. The timing of cognitive tests to exercise intensity changes as well as use of short cognitive assessments will be important for future work.

关键词： Acute Cognitive Cycling Decision-making Physical activity

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Impact of a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise and short-term interval training on interleukin-6, FNDC5, and METRNL mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle

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Journal of sport and Health science 2018年第2期7卷 191-196页

作者： Malcolm Eaton Cesare Granata Julianne Barry Adeel Safdar David Bishop Jonathan P.Little School of Health and exercise science University of British Columbia Okanagan Institute of sport Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL)College of Sport and Exercise ScienceVictoria University Department of Pediatrics Mc Master University

Background: exercise promotes numerous phenotypic adaptations in skeletal muscle that contribute to improved function and metabolic capacity. An emerging body of evidence suggests that skeletal muscle also releases a myriad of factors during exercise, termed "myokines". The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on the acute regulation of the mRNA expression of several myokines, including the prototypical myokine interleukin-6(IL-6), and recently identified myokines fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)(irisin) and meteorin-like protein(METRNL).Methods: Both before and after a 20-day period of twice-daily high-volume HIIT, 9 healthy males(20.5 ± 1.5 years performed a standardized bout of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE; 5 × 4 min at ~80% pretraining peak power output) with skeletal muscle biopsy samples(vastus lateralis) obtained at rest, immediately following exercise, and at 3 h ***: Before training, a single bout of HIIE increased IL-6(p < 0.05) and METRNL(p < 0.05) mRNA expression measured at 3 h recovery when compared to rest. Following 20 days of HIIT, IL-6 and FNDC5 mRNA were increased at 3 h recovery from the standardized HIIE bout when compared to rest(both p < 0.05). Resting METRNL and FNDC5 mRNA expression were higher following training(p < 0.05), and there was an overall increase in FNDC5 mRNA post-training(main effect of training, p < 0.05).Conclusion: In human skeletal muscle(1) an acute bout of HIIE can induce upregulation of skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA both before and after a period of intensified HIIT;(2) Resting and overall FNDC5 mRNA expression is increased by 20 days of HIIT; and(3) METRNL mRNA expression is responsive to both acute HIIE and short-term intense HIIT. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings at the protein and secretion level in humans.

关键词： Brown adipose tissue Exerkines High-intensity interval training Intermittent exercise Myokine Obesity

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An analysis of the size and direction of the association between mental toughness and Olympic distance personal best triathlon times

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Journal of sport and Health science 2019年第1期8卷 71-76页

作者： Martin I.Jones John K.Parker sport and Health science College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter School of sport and exercise science University of Gloucestershire

Background: Athletes, coaches, sport psychology practitioners, and researchers suggest that mental toughness represents an important construct that is associated with athletic performance. Unfortunately, the absence of real-world performance as a dependent variable has limited our ability to substantiate this claim. The concern of a lack of ecologically valid measures of sports performance might be addressed by examining the relationship between mental toughness and sports performance using a standardized measure of personal best(PB) triathlon time and a validated unidimensional measure of mental ***: Three hundred and sixteen triathletes completed the 8-item mental toughness index(MTI), reported their age, and provided a PB Olympic distance triathlon time and the total number of triathlons they had completed to date. Given that males are typically quicker than females, a standardized time was calculated by dividing the PB by the current Olympic record for gender; we also hypothesized that more experienced triathletes would report quicker PB times because of greater frequency and duration of training. Once we had controlled for gender and experience,we predicted that mental toughness would be negatively associated with triathlon time and the size of the relationship would be of a moderate ***: Results revealed small-to moderate-sized negative relationships between both completed number of triathlons and mental toughness with standardized PB ***: The hierarchical regression analysis showed that mental toughness provided a unique contribution to the variability in standardized Olympic triathlon PB after controlling for the total number of triathlons completed.

关键词： Endurance sport Factorial validity Mental toughness Olympic distance triathlon Performance Personal best times

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The journey towards physiology and pathology: Tracing the path of neuregulin 4

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 687-700页

作者： Min Chen Jieying Zhu Hongyang Luo Wangjing Mu Liang Guo School of exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers science Research Base of exercise and Metabolic Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4),an epidermal growth factor (EGF) family member,can bind to and activate the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine ***4 has five different isoforms by alternative splicing and performs a wide variety of ***4 is involved in a spectrum of physiological processes including neurobiogenesis,lipid metabolism,glucose metabolism,thermogenesis,and *** pathological processes,Nrg4 inhibits inflammatory factor levels and suppresses apoptosis in inflammatory *** addition,Nrg4 could ameliorate obesity,insulin resistance,and cardiovascular ***,Nrg4 improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by promoting autophagy,improving lipid metabolism,and inhibiting cell death of ***,Nrg4 is closely related to the development of cancer,hyperthyroidism,and some other ***,elucidation of the functional role and mechanisms of Nrg4 will provide a clearer view of the therapeutic potential and possible risks of Nrg4.

关键词： Angiogenesis Cardiovascular diseases Inflammation Insulin resistance Lipid and glucose metabolism NAFLD Neurobiogenesis Obesity

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Multilevel analysis of the central-peripheral-target organ pathway:contributing to recovery after peripheral nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2807-2822页

作者： Xizi Song Ruixin Li Xiaolei Chu Qi Li Ruihua Li Qingwen Li Kai-Yu Tong Xiaosong Gu Dong Ming Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Machine Interface and Human-Machine Fusion TianjinChina Department of Rehabilitation Tianjin University Tianjin HospitalTianjinChina Department of Hand Microsurgery Tianjin University Tianjin HospitalTianjinChina School of exercise and Health Tianjin University of SportTianjinChina Department of Biomedical Engineering the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Peripheral nerve injury is a common neurological condition that often leads to severe functional limitations and *** on the pathogenesis of peripheral nerve injury has focused on pathological changes at individual injury sites,neglecting multilevel pathological analysis of the overall nervous system and target *** has led to restrictions on current therapeutic *** this paper,we first summarize the potential mechanisms of peripheral nerve injury from a holistic perspective,covering the central nervous system,peripheral nervous system,and target *** peripheral nerve injury,the cortical plasticity of the brain is altered due to damage to and regeneration of peripheral nerves;changes such as neuronal apoptosis and axonal demyelination occur in the spinal *** nerve will undergo axonal regeneration,activation of Schwann cells,inflammatory response,and vascular system regeneration at the injury *** damage to target organs can occur,including skeletal muscle atrophy and sensory receptor *** then provide a brief review of the research advances in therapeutic approaches to peripheral nerve *** main current treatments are conducted passively and include physical factor rehabilitation,pharmacological treatments,cell-based therapies,and physical ***,most treatments only partially address the problem and cannot complete the systematic recovery of the entire central nervous system-peripheral nervous system-target organ ***,we should further explore multilevel treatment options that produce effective,long-lasting results,perhaps requiring a combination of passive(traditional)and active(novel)treatment methods to stimulate rehabilitation at the central-peripheral-target organ levels to achieve better functional recovery.

关键词： central nervous system central peripheral target organ multilevel pathological analysis nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury peripheral nervous system target organs therapeutic approach

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Acute effect of foot strike patterns on in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during barefoot running

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第1期13卷 108-117页

作者： Dongqiang Ye Lu Li Shen Zhang Songlin Xiao Xiaole Sun Shaobai Wang Weijie Fu Key Laboratory of exercise and Health sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Shanghai Frontiers science Research Base of exercise and Metabolic Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Background:Foot kinematics,such as excessive eversion and malalignment of the hindfoot,are believed to be associated with running-related *** maj ority of studies to date show that different foot strike patterns influence these specific foot and ankle ***,technical deficiencies in traditional motion capture approaches limit knowledge of in vivo joint kinematics with respect to rearfoot and forefoot strike patterns(RFS and FFS,respectively).This study uses a high-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system(DFIS)to determine the effects of different foot strike patterns on 3D in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joints ***:Fifteen healthy male recreational runners underwent foot computed tomography scanning for the construction of 3-dimensional models.A high-speed DFIS(100 Hz)was used to collect 6 degrees of freedom kinematics for participants’tibiotalar and subtalar joints when they adopted RFS and FFS in barefoot ***:Compared with RFS,FFS exhibited greater internal rotation at 0%-20%of the stance phase in the tibiotalar *** peak internal rotation angle of the tibiotalar joint under FFS was greater than under RFS(p<0.001,Cohen’s d=0.92).RFS showed more dorsiflexion at 0%-20%of the stance phase in the tibiotalar joint than *** also presented a larger anterior translation(p<0.001,Cohen’s d=1.28)in the subtalar joint at i nitial contact than ***:Running with acute barefoot FFS increases the internal rotation of the tibiotalar joint in the early *** use of high-speed DFIS to quantify the movement of the tibiotalar and subtalar joint was critical to revealing the effects of RF S and FFS during running.

关键词： Foot strike patterns High-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system In vivo kinematics Running

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Beneficial Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Tai Chi on Lower Limb Osteoarthritis:A Biopsychosocial Perspective

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第4期29卷 368-376页

作者： ZHUANG Shu-zhao CHEN Pei-jie HAN Jia XIAO Wei-hua Shanghai Frontiers science Research Base of exercise and Metabolic Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Lower limb osteoarthritis(OA)is a chronic,multifactorial disease characterized by impaired physical function,chronic pain,compromised psychological health and decreased social *** inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of *** Chi is a type of classical mind-body exercise derived from ancient Chinese martial *** supports that Tai Chi has significant benefits for relieving lower limb OA *** a biopsychosocial framework,this review aims to elucidate the beneficial effects of Tai Chi in lower limb OA and disentangle its potential mechanisms from the perspective of biology,psychology,and social *** biomechanical,biochemical,neurological,psychological,and social mechanisms,including strengthening of muscles,proprioception improvement,joint mechanical stress reduction,change of brain activation and sensitization,attenuation of inflammation,emotion modulation and social support,are discussed.

关键词： Tai Chi osteoarthritis mechanism biopsychosocialmodel

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Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Heart Rate Variability in Children with Cystic Fibrosis:A Pilot Study

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Journal of science in sport and exercise 2021年第1期3卷 66-74页

作者： J.L.McCreery K.A.Mackintosh M.A.McNarry School of sport and exercise science Swansea UniversityWalesUK

Purpose Cystic Fibrosis(CF)is a multisystem disease associated with symptoms such as dyspnoea,tachycardia and tachyp-nea that may be related to changes in autonomic function and sensitive to improvement following inspiratory muscle training(IMT).The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of IMT on heart rate variability(HRV)and respiratory function in *** Five CF and five matched controls(40%boys)performed a 4-weeks IMT programme,involving 30 breaths,twice a *** 1-2 of training were set at 40%of a participant's maximal strength index(***),with week's 3-4 set at 50%.Participants wore an ActiHeart for three consecutive days at baseline and post-intervention and indices of HRV were *** measures of lung function were obtained along with health-related quality of life(HRQoL)using the CF-specific questionnaire(CFQ-R).Results IMT elicited clinically meaningful increases in respiratory muscle strength and respiratory symptom domain scores,but no improvements in respiratory volume,irrespective of ***,no significant improvements were found in HRQoL despite 62.5%of the population increased their HRQoL ***-intervention,CF participants showed a clinically meaningful decrease in the very low frequency(VLF)*** These results may indicate clinically meaningful changes in HRV and inspiratory muscle strength following a 4-week IMT intervention,although a more powerful study is required to draw further ***,the trends for improved HRQoL support the need for such studies to ascertain the potential therapeutic role of IMT in those with CF.

关键词： Cardiac function Paediatrics Chronic disease Quality of life Respiratory muscle training

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exercise preconditioning alleviates ischemia-induced memory deficits by increasing circulating adiponectin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1445-1454页

作者： Meifeng Zheng Borui Zhang Sonata S Y Yau Kwok-Fai So Li Zhang Haining Ou Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration(Ministry of Education) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Rehabilitation sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive science Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Center for exercise and Brain science School of PsychologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug *** exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after *** this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral *** also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these *** mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery *** found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory *** analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of *** activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise *** summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.

关键词： adiponectin cerebral ischemia exercise pre-conditioning hippocampus memory function middle cerebral artery occlusion prefrontal cortex synaptic proteins treadmill exercise

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