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Polychlorinated biphenyls and omega-3 fatty acid exposure from fish consumption,and thyroid cancer among New York anglers

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第3期28卷 270-277页

作者： Alyson Haslam Sara Wagner Robb Matthew R.Bonner William Lindblad Joey Allegra Ye Shen John E.Vena Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public HealthUniversity of Georgia Department of epidemiology and Environmental health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of Buffalo Department of public health Sciences School of MedicineMedical University of South Carolina

Fish from the Great Lakes contain polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs）which have been shown to disrupt endocrine function and mimic thyroid hormones,but they also contain beneficial omega-3 fatty acids that may offer protection against endocrine *** purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Lake Ontario fish consumption and the estimated consumption of PCBs and omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of thyroid cancer in a group of sport *** from the New York State Angler Cohort Study were followed for cancer incidence from 1991–***-seven cases of incident thyroid cancer and 108 controls were included in the *** estimated fish consumption,estimated omega-3 fatty acid consumption,and estimated PCB consumption from Lake Ontario fish were examined for an association with the incidence of thyroid cancer,while matching on sex,and controlling for age and smoking *** from logistic regression indicate no significant associations between fish consumption,short-term estimated omega-3 fatty acids,or estimated PCB consumption from Great Lakes fish and the development of thyroid cancer,but it was suggested that long-term omega-3 fatty acid from Great Lakes fish may be protective of the development of thyroid *** conclusion,fish consumption,with the possible concomitant PCBs,from the Great Lakes does not appear to increase the risk of thyroid cancer in New York *** research is needed in order to separate the individual health effects of PCBs from omega-3 fatty acids contained within the fish.

关键词： Polychlorinated biphenyls Omega-3 fatty acids Thyroid cancer Lake Ontario Fish consumption

The Role of public health Within the United Nations Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第1期6卷 28-37页

作者： Virginia Murray Amina Aitsi-Selmi Kevin Blanchard public health Strategy division Public Health England

This article explores the role of public health systems before, during, and after disasters, particularly within the scope of the United Nations Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. It also examines the role of scientific and technological developments in assisting with improving the resilience of public health professionals and the communities they work in. In addition, it explores how the wide-ranging activities in public health have already contributed to the improved management of disasters and a decrease in associated risks. The article identifies areas of synergy in five key areas of recent policy and practice in public health(the health systems approach, risk assessments, the WHO/UNISDR/HPA Disaster Risk Management fact sheets, chronic disease and disasters, and mental health impacts following disasters) and makes suggestions based on lessons identified from the previous(2005) global disaster risk reduction framework. In particular, we advocate the use of scientific evidence that addresses health and disaster risk simultaneously to increase the effectiveness of policy and practice in disaster risk reduction, health, and public health.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction health systems Post-2015 framework public health Risk assessments

Qidong: a crucible for studies on liver cancer etiology and prevention

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 24-37页

作者： Jianguo Chen Jian Zhu Gaoren Wang John D.Groopman Thomas W.Kensler Department of epidemiology Qidong Liver Cancer Institute Department of epidemiology Tumor Hospital Nantong University Department of Environmental health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health public health Sciences division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Qidong(Jiangsu, China) has been of interest to cancer epidemiologists and biologists because, until recently, it was an endemic area for liver cancer, having amongst the highest incidence rates in the world. The establishment of the Qidong Cancer Registry together with the Qidong Liver Cancer Institute in 1972 has charted the patterns of liver cancer incidence and mortality in a stable population throughout a period of enormous economic, social, and environmental changes as well as of improvements in health care delivery. Updated incidence trends in Qidong are described. Notably, the China age-standardized incidence rate for liver cancer has dropped by over 50% in the past several decades. Molecular epidemiologic and genomic deep sequencing studies have affirmed that infection with hepatitis B virus as well as dietary exposure to aflatoxins through contamination of dietary staples such as corn, and to microcystins–blue-green algal toxins found in ditch and pond water – were likely important etiologic factors that account for the high incidence of liver cancer in this region. public health initiatives to facilitate universal vaccination of newborns against HBV and to improve drinking water sources in this rural area, as well as economic and social mandates serendipitously facilitating dietary diversity, have led to precipitous declines in exposures to these etiologic factors, concomitantly driving substantive declines in the liver cancer incidence seen now in Qidong. In this regard, Qidong serves as a template for the global impact that a package of intervention strategies may exert on cancer burden.

关键词： Liver cancer incidence hepatitis B virus aflatoxin microcystin screening chemoprevention mutational signature

Epidemiologic methods for investigating male fecundity

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 17-22页

作者： Jrn Olsen Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen Department of public health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Fertility is a couple concept that has been measured since the beginning of demography, and male fecundity （his biological capacity to reproduce） is a component of the fertility rate. Unfortunately, we have no way of measuring the male component directly, although several indirect markers can be used. Population registers can be used to monitor the proportion of childless couples, couples who receive donor semen, trends in dizygotic twinning, and infertility diagnoses. Studies using time-to-pregnancy （TTP） may identify couple subfecundity, and TTP data will correlate with sperm quality and quantity as well as sexual activity and a number of other conditions. Having exposure data available for couples with a fecund female partner would make TTP studies of interest in identifying exposures that may affect male fecundity. Biological indicators such as sperm quality and quantity isolate the male component of fertility, and semen data therefore remain an important source of information for research. Unfortunately, often over half of those invited to provide a sperm sample will refuse, and the study is then subject to a selection that may introduce bias. Because the most important time windows for exposures that impair semen production could be early fetal life, puberty, and the time of ejaculation; longitudinal data over decades of time are required. The ongoing monitoring of semen quality and quantity should continue, and surveys monitoring fertility and waiting TTP should also be designed.

关键词： data collection epidemiology epidemiological monitoring fertility sperm count time-to-pregnancy (TTP)

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children： a review of epidemiological studies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 39-49页

作者： Linn Berger Hfikonsen Andreas Ernst Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen Department of public health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Maternal cigarette smoking may affect the intrauterine hormonal environment during pregnancy and this early fetal exposure may have detrimental effects on the future trajectory of reproductive health. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological literature on the association between prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and several aspects of reproductive health. The literature points towards an increased risk of the urogenital malformation cryptorchidism, but a potential protective effect on the risk of hypospadias in sons following prenatal cigarette smoking exposure. Studies on sexual maturation find a tendency towards accelerated pubertal development in exposed boys and girls. In adult life, prenatally exposed men have impaired semen quality compared with unexposed individuals, but an influence on fecundability, that is, the biological ability to reproduce, is less evident. We found no evidence to support an association between prenatal cigarette smoking exposure and testicular cancer. Among adult daughters, research is sparse and inconsistent, but exposure to cigarette smoking in utero may decrease fecundability. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking may cause some long-term adverse effects on the reproductive health.

关键词： fertility prenatal exposure puberty testicular neoplasms time-to-pregnancy

Performance of common imaging techniques vs serum biomarkers in assessing fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第15期7卷 2022-2037页

作者： Xue-Ying Xu Wu-Sheng Wang Qi-Meng Zhang Jun-Ling Li Jin-Bin Sun Tian-Tian Qin Hong-Bo Liu Department of epidemiology and health Statistics School of Public Health China Medical University

BACKGROUND Noninvasive biomarkers have been developed to predict hepatitis B virus(HBV)related fibrosis owing to the significant limitations of liver *** serum biomarkers and imaging techniques have shown promising results and may improve the evaluation of liver ***,most of the previous studies focused on the diagnostic effects of various imaging techniques on fibrosis in all chronic liver *** To compare the performance of common imaging methods and serum biomarkers for prediction of significant fibrosis caused only by HBV *** A systematic review was conducted on the records available in PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library electronic databases until December *** systematically assessed the effectiveness of two serum biomarkers and three imagine techniques in predicting significant fibrosis solely caused by HBV *** serum biomarkers included aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis index based on the 4 factors(FIB-4).The three imaging techniques included acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI),FibroScan,and magnetic resonance elastography(MRE).Three parameters,the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(AUSROC),the summary diagnostic odds ratio,and the summary sensitivity and specificity,were used to examine the accuracy of all tests for liver *** Out of 2831 articles evaluated for eligibility,204 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for this current ***,our final data contained 81 *** AUSROCs of serum biomarkers of APRI and FIB-4 were both *** imaging techniques(ARFI,FibroScan,and MRE),the areas were 0.89,0.83,and 0.97,*** heterogeneities of ARFI and FibroScan were statistically significant(I2>50%).The publication bias was not observed in any of the serum biomarkers or imaging *** These five methods have attained an acceptable level of diagnostic *** techniques,

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Diagnostic test Imaging technology Liver fibrosis Metaanalysis

Social network analysis and modeling of cellphone-based syndromic surveillance data for ebola in Sierra Leone

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第9期9卷 829-833页

作者： Jia B Kangbai Department of epidemiology College of Public Health University of Kentucky

Objective:To explore and visualize the connectivity of suspected Ebola cases and surveillance callers who used cellphone technology in Moyamba District in Sierra Leone for Ebola surveillance,and to examine the demographic differences and characteristics of Ebola surveillance callers who make more calls as well as those callers who are more likely to make at least one positive Ebola ***:Surveillance data for 393 suspected Ebola cases(192 males,201 females) were collected from October 23,2014 to June 28,2015 using cellphone *** and Net Draw software were used to explore and visualize the social connectivity between callers and suspected Ebola *** and logistic regression analyses were used to do multivariable ***:The entire social network was comprised of 393 ties and 745 ***(AOR=0.33,95% CI [0.14,0.81]) were associated with decreased odds of making at least one positive Ebola surveillance call compared to ***(IR= 0.63,95% CI [0.49,0.82]) were also associated with making fewer Ebola surveillance calls compared to ***:Social network visualization can analyze syndromic surveillance data for Ebola collected by cellphone technology with unique insights.

关键词： Ebola Syndromic Surveillance Social network Analysis Cellphone Outdegree Centrality

Estimating Changes in Contact Patterns in China Over the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic:Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Spread—Four Cities,China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2023年第5期5卷 113-119,I0012-I0017页

作者： Yuxia Liang Cheng Peng Qian You Maria Litvinova Marco Ajelli Juanjuan Zhang Hongjie Yu School of public health Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Public Health SafetyMinistry of EducationShanghai MunicipalityChina Laboratory for Computational epidemiology and public health Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsIndiana University School of Public HealthBloomingtonINUSA Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity Fudan UniversityShanghai MunicipalityChina

Introduction:Previous studies have demonstrated significant changes in social contacts during the firstwave coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Chinese *** purpose of this study was to quantify the time-varying contact patterns by age in Chinese mainland in 2020 and evaluate their impact on the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Methods:Diary-based contact surveys were performed for four periods:baseline(prior to 2020),outbreak(February 2020),post-lockdown(March–May 2020),and post-epidemic(September–November 2020).We built a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered(SIR)model to evaluate the effect of reducing contacts on ***:During the post-epidemic period,daily contacts resumed to 26.7%,14.8%,46.8%,and 44.2%of the pre-COVID levels in Wuhan,Shanghai,Shenzhen,and Changsha,*** suggests a moderate risk of resurgence in Changsha,Shenzhen,and Wuhan,and a low risk in *** closure alone was not enough to interrupt transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5,but with the addition of a 75%reduction of contacts at the workplace,it could lead to a 16.8%reduction of the attack *** control an outbreak,concerted strategies that target schools,workplaces,and community contacts are ***:Monitoring contact patterns by age is key to quantifying the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks and evaluating the impact of intervention strategies.

关键词： mainland resume contacts

Risk Factors Associated with the Spatiotemporal Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Variant—Shanghai Municipality,China,2022

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China CDC weekly 2023年第5期5卷 97-102,I0001-I0005页

作者： Wen Zheng Xiaowei Deng Cheng Peng Xuemei Yan Nan Zheng Zhiyuan Chen Juan Yang Marco Ajelli Juanjuan Zhang Hongjie Yu School of public health Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Public Health SafetyMinistry of EducationShanghai MunicipalityChina Laboratory for Computational epidemiology and public health Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsIndiana University School of Public HealthBloomingtonINUSA Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity Fudan UniversityShanghai MunicipalityChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Previous studies have explored the spatial transmission patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and have assessed the associated risk ***,none of these studies have quantitatively described the spatiotemporal transmission patterns and risk factors for Omicron BA.2 at the micro(within-city)scale.

关键词： acute assessed respiratory