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Amino acid and mineral digestibility,bone ash,and plasma inositol is increased by including microbial phytase in diets for growing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 699-712页

作者： Liz Vanessa Lagos Mike Richard Bedford Hans Henrik Stein division of nutritional sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA AB Vista Marlborough SN84ANUK

Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the ***,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P *** Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;P<0.05),and of Lys and Thr(linear;P<0.05),and tended to increase AID of Met(linear;P<0.10).Increasing dietary phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;P<0.05)and increased ATTD of K and Na(linear;P<0.05),but phytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross *** of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;P<0.05),and plasma inositol also increased(linear;P<0.05)with increasing inclusion of *** concentrations of inositol phosphate(IP)6 and IP5(quadratic;P<0.05),reduced IP4 and IP3(linear;P<0.05),but increased inositol concentrations(linear;P<0.05)were observed in ileal digesta as dietary phytase *** ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol *** Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small ***,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and *** a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires appr

关键词： Bone ash Inositol Nutrient digestibility Phytase Phytate degradation Pigs

The Meat of the Matter: Plant-Based Meat Analogue versus Traditional Meat Product nutritional Quality

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Arshia Shireen Amanda J Wright Department of Human Health and nutritional sciences， University of Guelph Guelph， Ontario， Canada bDepartment of Human Health and nutritional sciences， University of Guelph Guelph， Ontario， Canada

Plant-based meat analogues (PBMA) are formulated to mimic the sensory characteristics of traditional meat products (TMP) using vegetarian ingredients and are increasingly popular with the trend towards plant-based diets， even among meat-eating consumers. This narrative review compared the nutritional quality of PBMA and TMP to broaden the discussion on the suitability of simulated meat products to substitute TMP， while exploring other attributes for their comparison. The complexity of PBMA and TMP means they are not entirely interchangeable. Importantly， PBMA health effects extend beyond their basic nutrient content and quality. Postprandial metabolism and satiety， for example， can be affected by product formulation， ingredient interactions， and thermomechanical processing involved in producing organoleptically acceptable PBMA. There are specific opportunities for low-sodium PBMA products to contribute to a healthy shift toward plant-based diets. In conclusion， PBMA cannot be assumed to be healthier than TMP. They should be designed with comprehensive consideration of composition and processing to ensure they support consumers who are adopting plant-based diets in realizing the theoretical health benefits.

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Development of small intestinal barrier function and underlying mechanism in Chinese indigenous and Duroc piglets during suckling and weaning periods

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 429-442页

作者： Sujuan Ding Yating Cheng Md Abul Kalam Azad Qian Zhu Pan Huang Xiangfeng Kong CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China College of Advanced Agricultural sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This study explored the developmental changes in small intestinal barrier function and the potential regulatory roles of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in different breeds of piglets during suckling and weaning *** black(TB),Xiangcun black(XB),and Duroc(DR)piglets(10 litters per breed;half male and half female)were selected for sampling to evaluate the intestinal barrier-related indexes and intestinal microbiota and metabolites at 1,10,21(weaned),and 24(3 d after weaning)d *** results showed that weaning led to severe shedding of small intestinal microvilli and sparse microvilli arrangement.D-lactate level in the ileum of TB and XB piglets during suckling and weaning periods was lower(P<0.01)than that of DR piglets,as well as the ileal diamine oxidase level at 1 d *** expression level of mucin 1 was higher(P<0.05)in the ileum of TB and XB piglets than that of DR piglets,and it was the highest in the ileum of TB piglets at 21 d *** expression levels of mucin 2 and mucin 13 were higher(P<0.10)in TB and XB piglets than those of DR piglets at 21 d old,whereas mucin2 and mucin 13 in the ileum of TB and XB piglets were higher(P<0.05)than those of DR piglets at 24 d *** and XB piglets had a lower relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigella at 21 and 24 d old,but they had higher Streptococcus at 1 and 24 d old than DR piglets(P<0.01).Differential metabolites between the three breeds of piglets were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation,steroid biosynthesis,and bile acid ***,these findings suggest that different pig breeds present differences in the development of the small intestinal barrier *** with DR piglets,TB and XB piglets had higher intestinal permeability during the suckling period and a stronger intestinal mechanical barrier after ***,intestinal microbiota and metabolites are the key factors for developing small intestinal barrier functions in different breeds of piglets.

关键词： Chinese indigenous piglet Duroc piglet Immune function Intestinal barrier function Weaning stress

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Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals the mechanism of CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water-induced glucosinolate biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 801-812页

作者： Cui Li Shuhui Song Yanan He Haijie Liu College of Food Science and nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China

Glucosinolates are important phytochemicals in *** investigated the effect of CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water(CHEW)on glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli *** results showed that CHEW treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdeh yde(MDA)contents in broccoli *** the the 8^(th)day,compared to tap water treatment,the the total glucosinolate content of broccoli sprouts with CHEW treatment increased by 10.6%and calcium content was dramatically enhanced from 14.4 mg/g DW to 22.7 mg/g *** transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that CHEW treatment activated ROS and calcium signaling transduction pathways in broccoli sprouts and they interacted through MAPK ***,CHEW treatment not only promoted the biosynthesis of amino acids,but also enhanced the expression of structural genes in glucosinolate synthesis through transcription factors(MYBs,bHLHs,WRKYs,etc.).The results of this study provided new insights into the regulatory network of glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts under CHEW treatment.

关键词： Broccoli sprouts CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water Glucosinolates Transcriptomics Metabolomics

Knockout of OsSPL10 confers enhanced glufosinate resistance in rice

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Plant Communications 2024年第2期5卷 7-10页

作者： Jin-Qiu Xia Qin-Yu Liang Da-Yu He Zheng-Yi Zhang Jie Wu Jing Zhang Ping-Xia Zhao Zi-Sheng Zhang Cheng-Bin Xiang division of Life sciences and Medicine Division of Molecular&Cell BiophysicsHefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaThe Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiAnhui Province 230027China

Dear Editor,Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is one of the world’s major food crops,feeding more than half of the global *** reduce labor and production costs,direct seeding is becoming popular for rice cultivation,but weeds have become a serious problem(Jin et al.,2022).Chemical herbicides are one of the most effective ways to control ***,the development of herbicide-resistant rice has great significance for modern rice production.

关键词： crops population. weed

Involvement of gonadal soma-derived factor in the reproduction of teleosts

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第3期9卷 417-421页

作者： Tohru Kobayashi Laboratory of Molecular Reproductive Biology Institute for Environmental SciencesUniversity of ShizuokaShizuoka422-8526Japan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical and nutritional sciences University of ShizuokaShizuoka422-8526Japan

Gonadal soma-derived factor(Gsdf)is a member of the transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)superfamily and a teleost-specific *** studies suggested that Gsdf promotes spermatogonial proliferation;however recent reports have shed light on its role in sex differentiation based on expression profiles and gain-and loss-of-function *** paper discusses the involvement of Gsdf in gonadal sex differentiation and sex changes in teleosts.

关键词： Teleosts Medaka Gsdf Sex determination Sex differentiation Sex change Pituitary

Impact of vaccination on the dynamics of COVID-19:A mathematical study using fractional derivatives

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第2期17卷 201-232页

作者： Shraddha Ramdas Bandekar Mini Ghosh C.Rajivganthi division of Mathematics School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia

Arrival of a new disease marks a yearlong destruction of human lives and economy in general,and if the disease turns out to be a pandemic the loss is ***-19 is one such pandemic that has claimed millions of lives till *** is a suffering throughout the world due to various factors associated with the pandemic,be it loss of livelihoods because of sudden shutdown of companies and lockdown,or loss of lives due to lack of medical aid and inadequate vaccination *** this study,we develop a six-compartmental epidemiological model incorporating *** motivation behind the study is to analyze the significance of higher vaccination efficacy and higher rate of population getting vaccinated in controlling the rise in infectives and thereby the untimely demise of various *** work begins with an ordinary differential equation model followed by stability analysis of the same,after which a fractional-order derivative model of the same is formulated and the existence of uniformly stable solution for the system is *** addition to this,we present the stability of the equilibria in general for the fractional model *** sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number along with its correlation with various parameters is *** addition to this,sensitivity of certain state variables in the fractional model with respect to *** orders as well with respect to different infection rate is exhibited in this *** related to lockdown and usage of face shields are incorporated in the entire study,and importance of these is highlighted in the study as *** major takeaway from the study is that mere vaccination will not sufice in eradication of the *** vaccine efficacy plays a major role along with other intervention included in the *** numerical simulations are carried out in MATLAB software using ode45 and fdel2.

关键词： Caputo fractional derivative basic reproduction number stability analysis sensitivityanalysis vaccination

An analytical approach for the fractional-order Hepatitis B model using new operator

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第1期17卷 177-198页

作者： Surath Ghosh division of Mathematics School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia

In this work,the main goal is to implement Homotopy perturbation transform method(HPTM)involving Katugampola fractional *** an example,a fractional order Hepatitis model is considered to analyze the *** first,the integer order model is converted to fractional order model in Caputo ***,the new operator Katugampola fractional derivative is used to present the *** new such kind of operator is illustrated in Caputo *** is described to get the solution of the proposed model using the new kind of ***,there are some analyses about the new kind of operator to prove the efficiency of the operator.

关键词： Caputo derivative Katugampola fractional derivative homotopy perturbation transform method Hepatitis B model

Inhibitory effect of procyanidin B2 and tannin acid on cholesterol esterase and their synergistic effect with orlistat

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 360-369页

作者： Xiangxin Li Yijing Pu Haitao Jiang Wenxiao Jiao Wenjun Peng Wenli Tian Weibo Jiang Xiaoming Fang Institute of Apicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Food Science and nutritional Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China College of Food Science and Engineering Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250353China

This study was aimed to analyze the effect of procyanidin B2(PC)and tannin acid(TA)on the activities of cholesterol esterase(CEase)and the inhibitory mechanisms of enzymatic *** interaction mechanisms were investigated by enzymatic kinetics,multi-spectroscopy methods,thermodynamics analysis,molecular docking,and dynamic *** and TA could bind with CEase and inhibit the activity of enzyme in a mixed-competitive manner and non-competitive manner,which was verified by molecular docking simulations and dynamics ***,PC and TA showed the synergistic inhibition with ***,UVvis and the thermodynamic analysis revealed that the complexes were formed from CEase and inhibitors by noncovalent *** revealed by the circular dichroism results,both PC and TA decreased enzymatic activities by altering the conformations of *** inhibition of PC and TA on CEase might be one mechanism for its cholesterol-lowering effect.

关键词： Cholesterol esterase Polyphenols Interaction mechanisms Molecular dynamic simulation Synergistic effect