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Dietary Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength alleviates heat stress‑induced intestinal barrier function damage by promoting expression of tight junction proteins via the A20/NF‑κB p65/MMP‑2 pathway in the jejunum of broilers

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 316-330页

作者： Yangyang Hu Weiyun Zhang Ke Yang Xi Lin Hsiao‑Ching Liu Jack Odle Miles Todd See Xiaoyan Cui Tingting Li Shengchen Wang Xiudong Liao Liyang Zhang Sufen Li Yun Hu Xugang Luo Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225000China Hebei Normal University of science and Technology Qinhuangdao 066004China Department of animal science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Mineral Nutrition Research division State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China

Background The aim of this study was to determine whether and how Zn proteinate with moderate chelation strength(Zn-Prot M)can alleviate heat stress(HS)-induced intestinal barrier function damage of broilers.A completely randomized design was used for comparatively testing the effects of Zn proteinate on HS and non-HS *** high temperature(HT),a 1(Control,HT-CON)+2(Zn source)×2(added Zn level)factorial arrangement of treatments was *** 2 added Zn sources were Zn-Prot M and Zn sulfate(ZnS),and the 2 added Zn levels were 30 and 60 mg/*** normal temperature(NT),a CON group(NT-CON)and pair-fed group(NT-PF)were *** The results showed that HS significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1,occludin,junctional adhesion molecule-A(JAMA),zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and zinc finger protein A20(A20)in the jejunum,and HS also remarkably increased serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FITC-D),endotoxin and interleukin(IL)-1βcontents,serum diamine oxidase(DAO)and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 activities,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65 mRNA expression level,and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 in the ***,dietary supplementation with Zn,especially organic Zn as Zn-Prot M at 60 mg/kg,significantly decreased serum FITC-D,endotoxin and IL-1βcontents,serum DAO and MMP-2 activities,NF-κB p65 mRNA expression level,and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and MMP-2 in the jejunum of HS broilers,and notably promoted mRNA and protein expression levels of claudin-1,ZO-1 and *** Our results suggest that dietary Zn,especially 60 mg Zn/kg as Zn-Prot M,can alleviate HS-induced intestinal barrier function damage by promoting the expression of TJ proteins possibly via induction of A20-mediated suppression of the NF-κB p65/MMP-2 pathway in the jejunum of HS broilers.

关键词： A20/NF-κB p65/MMP-2 pathway Broiler Heat stress Intestinal barrier function Tight junction proteins Zn

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Altered microRNA composition in the uterine lumen fluid in cattle(Bos taurus)pregnancies initiated by artificial insemination or transfer of an in vitro produced embryo

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 76-91页

作者： Fernando H.Biase Sarah E.Moorey Julie G.Schnuelle Soren Rodning Martha Sofia Ortega Thomas E.Spencer School of animal sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University175 W Campus DrBlacksburgVA 24061USA Department of animal science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Clinical sciences Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Department of animal science Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Department of animal and Dairy sciences University of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA division of animal sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Background MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are presented in the uterine lumen of many mammals,and in vitro experiments have determined that several miRNAs are important for the regulation of endometrial and trophoblast *** aim was to identify and contrast the miRNAs present in extracellular vesicles(EVs)in the uterine lumen fluid(ULF)at the onset of attachment in cattle pregnancies(gestation d 18)initiated by artificial insemination(AI)or by the trans-fer of an in vitro-produced blastocyst(IVP-ET).A third group had no conceptus after the transfer of an IVP *** The abundance of 263 annotated miRNAs was quantified in the EVs collected from *** was an increase in the transcript abundance of 20 miRNAs in the ULF EVs from the AI pregnant group,while 4 miRNAs had a lower abundance relative to the group not containing a ***,4 miRNAs were more abun-dant in ULF EVs in the AI pregnant group relative to IVP-ET group(bta-mir-17,bta-mir-7-3,MIR7-1,MIR18A).Specific miRNAs in the ULF EVs were co-expressed with messenger RNAs expressed in extra-embryonic tissues and endome-trium,including genes that are known to be their *** The results provide biological insights into the participation of miRNAs in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation and differentiation,as well as in endometrium *** knowledge that in vitro cultured embryos can contribute to the altered abundance of specific miRNAs in the uterine lumen can lead to the development of cor-rective approaches to reduce conceptus losses during the first month of pregnancy in cattle.

关键词： Artificial reproductive technology Cattle Conceptus Embryos Endometrium Small RNA

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The goat pan‑genome reveals patterns of gene loss during domestication

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 49-58页

作者： Jiaxin Liu Yilong Shi Dongxin Mo Lingyun Luo Songsong Xu Fenghua Lv Frontiers science Center for Molecular Design Breeding(MOE) State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Background Unveiling genetic diversity features and understanding the genetic mechanisms of diverse goat pheno-types are pivotal in facilitating the preservation and utilization of these genetic ***,the total genetic diversity within a species can’t be captured by the reference genome of a single *** pan-genome is a col-lection of all the DNA sequences that occur in a species,and it is expected to capture the total genomic diversity of the specific *** We constructed a goat pan-genome using map-to-pan assemble based on 813 individuals,including 723 domestic goats and 90 samples from their wild relatives,which presented a broad regional and global *** total,146 Mb sequences and 974 genes were identified as absent from the reference genome(ARS1.2;GCF_001704415.2).We identified 3,190 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)using the pan-genome *** novel SNPs could properly reveal the population structure of domestic goats and their wild ***/absence variation(PAV)analysis revealed gene loss and intense negative selection during domestication and *** Our research highlights the importance of the goat pan-genome in capturing the missing genetic *** reveals the changes in genomic architecture during goat domestication and improvement,such as gene *** improves our understanding of the evolutionary and breeding history of goats.

关键词： Domestication Goat Improvement Pan-genome Presence/absence variation

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Dietary supplementation with N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine ameliorates hyperactivated ERK signaling in the endometrium that is linked to poor pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation in pigs

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 167-181页

作者： Linghua Cheng Zhicheng Shi Yuan Yue Yue Wang Yusheng Qin Wei Zhao Yupei Hu Qin Li Min Guo Lei An Shumin Wang Jianhui Tian Frontiers science Center for Molecular Design Breeding(MOE) State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech BreedingKey Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal BreedingCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193People’s Republic of China

Background Exogenous gonadotropin-controlled ovarian stimulation is the critical step in animal reproductive management,such as pig,sheep,bovine and other *** helps synchronize ovulation or stimulate multiple ***,a number of evidence indicated an unexpected decrease in pregnancy outcomes following ovarian *** study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the pregnancy defect and develop a practical rescue *** Compared with those in the control group,gilts that underwent ovarian stimulation showed a decrease in pregnancy rate,farrowing rate,and total number of piglets *** gilts also showed an increase in estra-diol(E_(2))*** supraphysiologicalE_(2) level was correlated with the decrease in the number of piglets ***,we found that high levels ofE_(2) impair uterine receptivity,as shown by the overproliferation of endo-metrial epithelial *** vitro mechanistic studies demonstrated that high levels ofE_(2) hyperactivate FGF-FGFR-ERK signaling cascade in the uterine endometrium,and in turn induces overproliferation of endometrial epithelial *** note,N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)supplementation effectively inhibits ERK hyperphosphorylation and ameliorates endometrial epithelial ***,in vivo experiments indicated that dietary NAC supplementa-tion,compared with ovarian stimulation group,improves the uterine receptivity in gilts,and significantly increases the pregnancy rate and total number of piglets *** Ovarian stimulation-induced supraphysiological levels ofE_(2) impairs uterine receptivity by hyperactivat-ing FGF-FGFR-ERK signaling cascade,thereby reducing pregnancy rate and litter *** NAC to a con-ventional diet for gilts ameliorates hyperactivated ERK signaling and improves uterine receptivity,thus rescuing adverse pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation.

关键词： Estradiol Gonadotropin Implantation N-acetyl-L-cysteine Ovarian stimulation Uterine receptivity

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The assembly and activation of the PANoptosome promote porcine granulosa cell programmed cell death during follicular atresia

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 121-135页

作者： Hao Wu Yingxue Han Jikang Liu Rong Zhao Shizhen Dai Yajun Guo Nan Li Feng Yang Shenming Zeng National Engineering Laboratory for animal Breeding Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Clinical sciences College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of animal science and Technology Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046China

Background Follicular atresia significantly impairs female fertility and hastens reproductive *** of granulosa cells is the primary cause of follicular *** and necroptosis,as additional forms of pro-grammed cell death,have been reported in mammalian ***,the understanding of pyroptosis and necrop-tosis pathways in granulosa cells during follicular atresia remains *** study explored the effects of pro-grammed cell death in granulosa cells on follicular atresia and the underlying *** The results revealed that granulosa cells undergo programmed cell death including apoptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis during follicular *** the first time,we identified the formation of a PANoptosome com-plex in porcine granulosa *** complex was initially identified as being composed of ZBP1,RIPK3,and RIPK1,and is recruited through the RHIM ***,we demonstrated that caspase-6 is activated and cleaved,interacting with RIPK3 as a component of the *** stress may exacerbate the activation of the PANop-tosome,leading to programmed cell death in granulosa *** Our data identified the formation of a PANoptosome complex that promoted programmed cell death in granulosa cells during the process of follicular *** findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying follicular atresia.

关键词： Follicular atresia Granulosa cells PANoptosome Programmed cell death

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Dietary supplementation with pterostilbene activates the PI3K‑AKT‑mTOR signalling pathway to alleviate progressive oxidative stress and promote placental nutrient transport

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 388-407页

作者： Mingming Cao Liyun Bai Haoyun Wei Yantong Guo Guodong Sun Haoyang Sun Baoming Shi College of animal science and Technology Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030PR China

Background Progressive oxidative stress easily occurs as a result of a gradual increase in the intensity of maternal metabolism due to rapid foetal development and increased intensity of ***,studies on the effects of processive oxidative stress on nutrient transport in the placenta have received little *** present study was conducted on sows at 85 days of gestation to study the effects of pterostilbene(PTE)on maternal oxidative stress status and placental nutrient *** PTE increased the antioxidant capacity and immunoglobulin content in mothers’blood and milk,reduced the level of inflammatory factors,and improved the nutrient content of *** also reduced sow backfat loss and the number of weak sons,and increased piglet weaning weight and total weaning litter *** subsequently found that PTE enhanced placental glucose and fatty acid transport and further affected glycolipid metabolism by increasing the expression of LAL,PYGM,and Gbe-1,which activated the PI3K phosphorylation ***,PTE addition altered the relative abundance of the Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Parabacillus,and Bacteroidetes-like RF16 groups in sow *** increased the levels of acetate,propionate,butyrate and isovalerate in the *** These findings reveal that the addition of PTE during pregnancy and lactation mitigates the effects of processive oxidative stress on offspring development by altering maternal microbial and placental nutrient trans-port capacity.

关键词： Nutrient transporters Placenta Progressive oxidative stress Pterostilbene Sows

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Necroptosis contributes to deoxynivalenolinduced liver injury and inflammation in weaned piglets

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 182-192页

作者： Qilong Xu Hanqiu Gong Mohan Zhou Junjie Guo Shaokui Chen Kan Xiao Yulan Liu Hubei Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feed science Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan 430023China

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the role of necroptosis in deoxynivalenol(DON)-induced liver injury and inflammation in weaned *** In Exp.1,12 weaned piglets were divided into 2 groups including pigs fed basal diet and pigs fed diet contaminated with 4 mg/kg DON for 21 *** Exp.2,12 weaned piglets were divided into 2 groups including con-trol piglets and piglets given a gavage of 2 mg/kg body weight(BW)*** Exp.3,24 weaned piglets were used in a 2×2 factorial design and the main factors including necrostatin-1(Nec-1)(DMSO or 0.5 mg/kg BW Nec-1)and DON challenge(saline or 2 mg/kg BW DON gavage).On 21 d in Exp.1,or at 6 h post DON gavage in Exp.2 and 3,pigs were killed for blood samples and liver *** histology,blood biochemical indicators,and liver inflamma-tion and necroptosis signals were *** Dietary or oral gavage with DON caused liver morphological damage in *** DON led to hepato-cyte damage indicated by increased aspartate transaminase(AST)activity and AST/alanine aminotransferase(ALT)ratio,and DON gavage also caused hepatocyte damage and cholestasis indicated by increased AST and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)*** DON caused liver necroptosis indicated by increased protein abundance of total receptor interacting protein kinase 3(t-RIP3)and total mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(t-MLKL).Moreover,DON gavage increased mRNA expression of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1βin *** gavage also induced liver necroptosis demonstrated by increased protein abundance of t-RIP3,phosphorylated-RIP3(p-RIP3),t-MLKL and ***,pretreatment with Nec-1,a specific inhibitor of necroptosis,inhibited liver necroptosis indi-cated by decreased protein expression of t-RIP3,p-RIP3,t-MLKL and ***-1 pretreatment reduced liver morphological damage after DON *** with Nec-1 also attenuated liver damage induced by DON indicated by decreased activities of AST and ***,Nec-

关键词： Deoxynivalenol Liver damage Necroptosis Necrostatin-1 Pigs

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Assessment of the dietary amino acid profiles and the relative biomarkers for amino acid balance in the low-protein diets for broiler chickens

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 238-266页

作者： Bin Wang Xiaodan Zhang Yongfa Liu Mingkun Gao Mi Wang Yuan Wang Xinzhi Wang Yuming Guo State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Shenyang Boeing Feed Company Shenyang 110141China

Background Research on low-protein-level diets has indicated that even though the profiles of essential amino acids(EAAs)follow the recommendation for a normal-protein-level diet,broilers fed low-protein diets failed to achieve pro-ductive performance compared to those fed normal ***,it is imperative to reassess the optimum profile of EAAs in low-protein diets and establish a new ideal pattern for amino acid ***,identifying novel sensitive biomarkers for assessing amino acid balance will greatly facilitate the development of amino acid nutrition and application *** this study,12 dietary treatments[Con(+),Con(-),L&A(-),L&A(+),M&C(-),M&C(+),BCAA(-),BCAA(+),Thr(-),Thr(+),Trp(-)and Trp(+)]were established by combining different EAAs including lysine and argi-nine,methionine and cysteine,branched-chain amino acid(BCAA),threonine,and tryptophan to observe the growth and development of the broiler chickens fed with low-protein-level *** on the biochemical parameters and untargeted metabolomic analysis of animals subjected to different treatments,biomarkers associated with opti-mal and suboptimal amino acid balance were *** Growth performance,carcass characteristics,hepatic enzyme activity,serum biochemical parameters,and breast muscle mRNA expression differed significantly between male and female broilers under different dietary amino acid *** broilers exhibited higher sensitivity to the adjustment of amino acid patterns than female *** the low-protein diet,the dietary concentrations of lysine,arginine,and tryptophan,but not of methionine,cystine,or threonine,needed to be ***,further research on individual BCAA is *** untar-geted metabolomic analysis,Con(+)was selected as a normal diet(NP)while Con(-)represented a low-protein diet(LP).L&A(+)denotes a low-protein amino acid balanced diet(LPAB)and Thr(+)represents a low-protein amino acid imbalance diet(LPAI).The metaboli

关键词： Amino acid balance Biomarkers Essential amino acid Low-protein diet Metabolomics

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The gut microbial metabolite indole‑3‑aldehyde alleviates impaired intestinal development by promoting intestinal stem cell expansion in weaned piglets

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 455-470页

作者： Jiaqi Zhang Yahui Chen Xin Guo Xuan Li Ruofan Zhang Mengting Wang Weiyun Zhu Kaifan Yu Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal HealthCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China National Center for International Research on animal Gut Nutrition Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Wujiang animal Health Inspection Institute Suzhou 215200China

Background Weaning stress-induced diarrhea is widely recognized as being associated with gut microbiota ***,it has been challenging to clarify which specific intestinal microbiota and their metabolites play a crucial role in the antidiarrhea process of weaned *** In this study,we first observed that piglets with diarrhea exhibited a lower average daily gain and higher diarrhea score,and elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and D-lactate(D-LA)compared to healthy ***,we analyzed the differences in intestinal microbial composition and metabolite levels between healthy and diarrheal weaned *** piglets demonstrated intestinal microbiota dysbiosis,characterized pri-marily by a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio,a deficiency of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus reuteri,and an increased abundance of Bacteroides ***-5287 and Bacteroides *** pro-filing of the gut microbiota based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)data was performed,and the results showed that tryptophan metabolism was the most significantly inhibited pathway in piglets with *** tryptophan metabolites were detected at lower concentrations in diarrheal piglets than in healthy ***,we explored the effects of dietary indole-3-aldehyde(IAld),a key tryptophan metabolite,on intestinal development and gut barrier function in weaned *** with 100 mg/kg IAld in the diet increased the small intestine index and improved intestinal barrier function by promoting intestinal stem cell(ISC)expansion in *** promotion of ISC expansion by IAld was also confirmed in porcine intestinal *** These findings revealed that intestinal microbial tryptophan metabolite IAld alleviates impaired intesti-nal development by promoting ISC expansion in weaned piglets.

关键词： Indole-3-aldehyde Intestinal development Intestinal microbiota Intestinal stem cell Weaned piglets

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Early‑life milk replacer feeding mediates lipid metabolism disorders induced by colonic microbiota and bile acid profiles to reduce body weight in goat model

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Journal of animal science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 300-315页

作者： Ke Zhang Ting Zhang Mengmeng Guo Awang Cuoji Yangbin Xu Yitong Zhao Yuxin Yang Daniel Brugger Xiaolong Wang Langda Suo Yujiang Wu Yulin Chen Key Laboratory of animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of animal Engineering Yangling Vocational and Technical CollegeYanglingShaanxi 712100China Institute of animal sciences Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa 850009China Institute of animal Nutrition and Dietetics Vetsuisse‑FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurich 8057Switzerland Key Laboratory of animal Genetics and Breeding On Tibetan Plateau Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsLhasa 850009China.

Background Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and its consequences on growth performance in young ruminants have attracted attention,especially in the context of alternative feeding *** study aims to elucidate the effects of milk replacer(MR)feeding on growth,lipid metabolism,colonic epithelial gene expression,colonic microbiota composition and systemic metabolism in goat kids compared to breast milk(BM)feeding,addressing a critical knowledge gap in early life *** Ten female goat kids were divided into 2 groups:those fed breast milk(BM group)and those fed a milk replacer(MR group).Over a period of 28 d,body weight was monitored and blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical,transcriptomic and metabolomic *** of the colonial microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene *** microbiota transplantation(IMT)experiments in gnotobiotic mice were per-formed to validate *** MR-fed pups exhibited reduced daily body-weight gain due to impaired lipid metabolism as evidenced by lower serum and liver total cholesterol(TC)and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)*** analysis of the colonic epithelium revealed upregulated genes involved in negative regulation of lipid metabolism,concomitant with microbiota shifts characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes and an increase in ***,genera such as Bifidobacterium and Prevotella were enriched in the MR group,while Clostridium and Fae-calibacterium were *** analyses confirmed alterations in bile acid and fatty acid metabolic *** experiments in mice recapitulated the metabolic phenotype observed in MR-fed goats,confirming the role of the microbiota in modulating host lipid *** Milk replacer feeding in goat kids disrupts lipid metabolism and gut microbiota dynamics,result-ing in reduced growth rates and metabolic *** findings highlight the importance of e

关键词： Bile acid Colon microbiota Goat model Lipid metabolism Milk replacer

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