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Role of glioma stem cells in promoting tumor chemo- and radioresistance: A systematic review of potential targeted treatments

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 604-614页

作者： Edoardo Agosti Marco Zeppieri Mattia Ghidoni Tamara Ius Alessandro Tel Marco Maria Fontanella Pier Paolo Panciani division of Neurosurgery Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBrescia 25123Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Neurosurgery Unit Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScienceUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Clinic of Maxillofacial surgery Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScienceUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

BACKGROUND Gliomas pose a significant challenge to effective treatment despite advancements in chemotherapy and *** stem cells(GSCs),a subset within tumors,contribute to resistance,tumor heterogeneity,and *** studies reveal GSCs’role in therapeutic resistance,driven by DNA repair mechanisms and dynamic transitions between cellular *** mechanisms can involve different cellular pathways,most of which have been recently reported in the *** progress,targeted therapeutic approaches lack consensus due to GSCs’high *** To analyze targeted therapies against GSC-mediated resistance to radio-and chemotherapy in gliomas,focusing on underlying *** A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases(PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library)up to September 30,*** search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject heading terms and keywords related to including“glioma stem cells”,“radiotherapy”,“chemotherapy”,“resistance”,and“targeted therapies”.Studies included in this review were publications focusing on targeted therapies against the molecular mechanism of GSC-mediated re-sistance to radiotherapy resistance(RTR).RESULTS In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI,452 papers were initially identified,with 203 chosen for full-text *** them,201 were deemed eligible after excluding 168 for various *** temporal breakdown of studies illustrates this trend:2005-2010(33.3%),2011-2015(36.4%),and 2016-2022(30.3%).Key GSC models,particularly U87(33.3%),U251(15.2%),and T98G(15.2%),emerge as significant in research,reflecting their representativeness of glioma *** analysis indicates a focus on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)(27.3%)and Notch(12.1%)pathways,suggesting their crucial roles in resistance *** molecules with mTOR(18.2%),CHK1/2(15.2%),and ATP binding cassette

关键词： Glioma stem cells Chemoresistance Radioresistance Molecular pathways Targeted therapies Systematic review

Stem Cell-Based Hair Cell Regeneration and Therapy in the Inner Ear

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 113-126页

作者： Jieyu Qi Wenjuan Huang Yicheng Lu Xuehan Yang Yinyi Zhou Tian Chen Xiaohan Wang Yafeng Yu Jia-Qiang Sun Renjie Chai State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing 210096China First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006China Department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery The First Affliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230001China Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery Sichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610072China Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantong 226001China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100101China

Hearing loss has become increasingly prevalent and causes considerable disability,thus gravely burdening the global *** loss of hair cells is a main cause of sensorineural hearing loss,and currently,the only relatively effective clinical treatments are limited to digital hearing equipment like cochlear implants and hearing aids,but these are of limited benefit in *** is therefore urgent to understand the mechanisms of damage repair in order to develop new neuroprotective *** present,how to promote the regeneration of functional hair cells is a key scientific question in the field of hearing ***-ple signaling pathways and transcriptional factors trigger the activation of hair cell progenitors and ensure the maturation of newborn hair cells,and in this article,we first review the principal mechanisms underlying hair cell *** then further discuss therapeutic strategies involving the co-regulation of multiple signaling pathways in order to induce effective functional hair cell regeneration after degeneration,and we summarize current achievements in hair cell ***,we discuss potential future approaches,such as small molecule drugs and gene therapy,which might be applied for regenerating functional hair cells in the clinic.

关键词： Hearing loss Cochlea-Stem cell Hair cell regeneration

Recent advances in the application of MXenes for neural tissue engineering and regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 258-263页

作者： Menghui Liao Qingyue Cui Yangnan Hu Jiayue Xing Danqi Wu Shasha Zheng Yu Zhao Yafeng Yu Jingwu Sun Renjie Chai State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University SuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina Department of Otolaryngology head and neck surgery Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Transition metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes)are crystal nanomaterials with a number of surface functional groups such as fluorine,hydroxyl,and oxygen,which can be used as carriers for proteins and *** have excellent biocompatibility,electrical conductivity,surface hydrophilicity,mechanical properties and easy surface ***,at present,the stability of most MXenes needs to be improved,and more synthesis methods need to be *** are good substrates for nerve cell regeneration and nerve reconstruction,which have broad application prospects in the repair of nervous system *** the application of MXenes in neuroscience,mainly at the cellular level,the long-term in vivo biosafety and effects also need to be further *** review focuses on the progress of using MXenes in nerve regeneration over the last few years;discussing preparation of MXenes and their biocompatibility with different cells as well as the regulation by MXenes of nerve cell regeneration in two-dimensional and three-dimensional environments in *** have great potential in regulating the proliferation,differentiation,and maturation of nerve cells and in promoting regeneration and recovery after nerve *** addition,this review also presents the main challenges during optimization processes,such as the preparation of stable MXenes and long-term in vivo biosafety,and further discusses future directions in neural tissue engineering.

关键词： hydrogels MXenes nerve regeneration neural cells neural stem cells organoids spiral ganglion neurons

Barosinusitis due to routine weather changes:A cross-sectional analysis of public websites

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery 2024年第1期10卷 18-23页

作者： James C.Campbell Julia E.Canick Philip G.Chen Ralph Abi Hachem David W.Jang Department of head and neck surgery&communication sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA

Background:Sinusitis is a common diagnosis that can be erroneously associated with routine weather‐related barometric pressure *** actuality,these pressure changes likely exacerbate migraine headaches,which can cause facial pain and pressure rather than true sinus ***:The present study sought to characterize the representation of both sinusitis and migraine in association with barometric pressure changes across websites on the ***:An Internet search for relevant terms was conducted,and content of the resulting pages was assessed for associations between weather‐related pressure changes and either sinusitis or *** in reported results across different subtypes of Internet sources were *** primary outcomes measured were(1)whether a given media source associated barometric weather changes with sinusitis,(2)whether that source associated barometric weather changes with migraine,and(3)treatment options offered by that ***:Of the 116 included webpages,36(31.03%)associated sinusitis and routine barometric pressure *** these,10(27.77%)were otolaryngology practice ***‐seven webpages(57.76%)associated migraine and routine barometric pressure *** these,nonotolaryngology webpages were more likely to report this ***:Otolaryngology practice sites were observed to be the most frequent professional medical resource reporting the unsubstantiated claim that routine barometric pressure changes are associated with *** sources were more likely to link weather‐related pressure changes to *** results suggest that opportunities exist for otolaryngology practice sites to educate patients about nonrhinogenic headache etiologies.

关键词： acute rhinosinusitis balloon sinus dilation headache migraine sinusitis

Genetically modified pigs:Emerging animal models for hereditary hearing loss

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 284-291页

作者： Xiao Wang Tian-Xia Liu Ying Zhang Liang-Wei Xu Shuo-Long Yuan A-Long Cui Wei-Wei Guo Yan-Fang Wang Shi-Ming Yang Jian-Guo Zhao State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China Department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery Institute of OtolaryngologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China division of Life sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230022China State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China

Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for *** investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are *** have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical *** this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing ***,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL ***,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.

关键词： Pigs Animal models Hereditary hearing loss Genetic modification Inner ear

Long-term olfactory loss post-COVID-19:Pathobiology and potential therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery 2024年第2期10卷 148-155页

作者： Sarah Kim John B.Finlay Tiffany Ko Bradley J.Goldstein Department of head and neck surgery&communication sciences Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Medical Scientist Training Program Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Neurobiology Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

An acute loss of smell emerged as a striking symptom present in roughly half of the people infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus in the early phases of the COVID-19 *** most COVID-19 patients,olfaction recovers over the course of a few ***,a lasting partial or complete loss of smell,often associated with distorted olfactory perceptions termed parosmia,has emerged as a widespread problem impacting at least 5%-10%of those who experience anosmia due to *** inability to offer effective therapies to this hyposmic or anosmic population,comprising millions of patients,highlights an enormous unmet need for the medical ***,we summarize the current understanding of the pathobiology causing acute olfactory loss due to SARS-CoV-2 infection,focusing on how the virus interacts with the peripheral olfactory system,a major site of viral *** also explore the problem of long-COVID olfactory dysfunction,which may accompany other persistent systemic disorders collectively termed postacute sequelae of ***,we discuss an emerging model focused on unresolved immune cell activity driving ongoing ***,we review current and future therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring olfactory function.

关键词： hyposmia inflammation long-COVID parosmia

Otolaryngology residency program factors associated with female resident representation

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick James C.Campbell Charles R.Woodard Lars J.Grimm Alissa M.Collins Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of head and neck surgery&communication sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is *** is the first point at which medical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train more female *** study sought to identify program factors associated with greater female representation among resident ***:Departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in the United States and Puerto Rico were examined for a list of *** programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program directors,and chairpersons were *** and city population for each program was also recorded,as was female resident *** were compared using Pearson Chi‐squared univariate ***:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 *** median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger faculty sizes,more female faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐median female resident *** with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐median female resident *** female faculty representation,program director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in female resident ***:Greater female otolaryngology residency representation was associated with programs having an urban location and greater numbers of female and total *** was also likely that a larger resident cohort size may affect female resident *** proportions of female faculty,program director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program director recruitment residency training

Recovery rates of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： Jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson Brandon J.Vilarello Tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher Joseph B.Gary David A.Gudis Paule V.Joseph D.P.Devanand Terry E.Goldberg Jonathan B.Overdevest Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent OD predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a window of acute *** anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aims to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post-COVID-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical ***:We grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time *** had confirmed a history of COVID-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not ***:Baseline olfactory evaluation was completed by 122 participants,53 of whom completed the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived OD,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical OD at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time *** total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TDI)score improved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVID-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement

关键词： long COVID olfaction post-COVID condition smell dysfunction

Diagnostic delay in oral squamous cell carcinoma: the role of cognitive and psychological variables

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International Journal of Oral Science 2014年第1期6卷 39-45页

作者： Vera Panzarella Giuseppe Pizzo Francesco Calvino Domenico Compilato Giuseppe Colella Giuseppina Campisi Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Sciences University of Palermo Department of head/neck surgery Oral Cavity and Audio/Verbal Communication Second University of Naples

This retrospective study investigated, in two cohorts of subjects living in Southern Italy and awaiting treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma （OSCC）, the variables related to diagnostic delay ascribable to the patient, with particular reference to the cognitive and psychological ones. A total of 156 patients with OSCC （mean age： 62 years, M/F： 2.39 ： 1） were recruited at the Universities of Palermo and Naples. Risk factors related to patient delay included： sociodemographic, health-related, cognitive and psychological variables. The analysis was conducted by considering two different delay ranges： dichotomous （≤1 month vs. 〉 1 month） and polytomous （〈1 month, 1-3 months, 〉3 months） delay. Data were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses and a Pvalue≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. For both delay measurements, the most relevant variables were：＇Personal experience of cancer＇（dichotomous delay： P=0.05, odds ratio （0R）=0.33, 95% confidence interval （CI）=0. 11-0.99; polytomous delay： P=0.006, Chi-square= 10.224） and ＇Unawareness＇（dichotomous delay： P〈0.01, 0R=4.96, 95% CI--2.16-11.37; polytomous delay： P=0.087, Chi-square=4.77）. Also ＇Denial＇（P〈0.01, 0R=6.84, 95% CI=2.31-20.24） and ＇Knowledge of cancer＇（P=0.079, Chi-square=8.359） were found to be statistically significant both for dichotomous and for polytomous categorization of delay, respectively. The findings of this study indicated that, in the investigated cohorts, the knowledge about cancer issues is strongly linked to the patient delay. Educational interventions on the Mediterranean population are necessary in order to increase the patient awareness and to emphasize his/her key role in early diagnosis of OSCC.

关键词： cognitive/psychological factors diagnosis oral squamous cell carcinoma patient delay