检索结果-南通市图书馆

Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第5期17卷 338-343页

作者： Claire L.Hoban Roger W.Byard Ian F.Musgrave discipline of Pharmacology The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia discipline of Anatomy and Pathology The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

Objective: Assessing adverse drug reactions(ADRs) is a proven method to estimate the safety of medicines. The ADRs to herbal medicines in Australia(and by inference, the safety of herbal medicines in Australia) remain unknown. This study examines spontaneous ADR cases to four of the most popular herbs in Australia from 2000 to 2015: echinacea(Echinacea purpurea), valerian(Valeriana officinalis), black cohosh(Actaea racemosa) and ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba).Methods: ADRs of echinacea, valerian, black cohosh and ginkgo reported to the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration(TGA) between 2000 and 2015 were obtained from the TGA database. Data were collated and analysed according to age, sex, severity, type of ADR and body system affected. Statistics were calculated using Graph Pad Prism ***: Most ADRs were mild or moderate. However, every herbal medicine was associated with lifethreatening ADRs. In each life-threatening case, the herbal medicine was taken concomitantly with prescription medications. Black cohosh was associated with a significant number of severe ADRs(30.3% of the total), with 39.4% of these ADRs being associated with abnormal hepatic function, hepatitis or ***: This study highlights the lack of public awareness with regard to herb–drug interactions,since most of the severe ADRs involved a herb–drug interaction.

关键词： Herbal medicine Adverse drug reaction Actaea racemosa Echinacea purpurea Ginkgo biloba Valeriana officinalis

Visual problems: a review of prevalence studies on visual impairment in school-age children

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第6期12卷 1037-1043页

作者： Uchenna C.Atowa Rekha Hansraj Samuel O.Wajuihian discipline of Optometry University of KwaZulu-Natal

Childhood visual impairment(VI) have a significant impact on the educational achievement, career choices and social life of affected individual, and in children, is mainly due to either preventable or treatable causes. Reliable data on the prevalence and causes of VI in children will guide the development of a systematic vision screening program for its early detection and successful treatment of possible causes. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the available data on prevalence and causes of VI in school-age children from various regions globally. A discussion on the major findings highlighting the definition criteria, classifications and limitations for further studies is also presented.

关键词： visual impairment school-age children vision screening school performance

Households’ Willingness to Pay for Disaster Resilient Safe Drinking Water Sources in Southwestern Coastal Bangladesh

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 544-556页

作者： Md.Sariful Islam Sonia Afrin Md.Nasif Ahsan Mohammed Ziaul Haider Tasnim Murad Mamun Debasish Kumar Das Economics discipline Khulna UniversityKhulna 9208Bangladesh

Nonfunctionality of engineered water sources after two catastrophic cyclones—Sidr in November 2007 and Aila in May 2009—created acute scarcity of safe drinking water in coastal *** objective of this study was to estimate households’willingness to pay(WTP)for disaster resilient water sources in Dacope upazila of Khulna District in southwestern coastal *** applying the double bounded dichotomous contingent valuation method to a dataset of 250 randomly selected households,we found that the mean WTP is BDT 263 and that inaccessibility to functional safe drinking water sources is the most significant determining factor of households’*** mean WTP for a disaster resilient water source project in the study area,we measured a present value of aggregate WTP over project’s life span worth about BDT 624(USD 7.37)million,which is about14.30 times the present value of project’s aggregate establishment and maintenance ***,charging the local inhabitants a water tariff at mean WTP would lead to the exclusion of around 50%of the people from getting access to the improved water services or create a free riding *** simulation exercises this study determined that the socially optimal water tariff is BDT 50 per *** tariff would not only generate revenue of more than five times the project cost but would also create access to disaster resilient improved drinking water sources for almost 99%of the people.

关键词： Bangladesh Disaster resilient safe drinking water Double bounded contingent valuation Household willingness to pay

Reproductive biology of an old endemic murid rodent of Australia, the Spinifex hopping mouse, Notomys alexis:adaptations for life in the arid zone

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 321-333页

作者： William G.BREED Chris M.LEIGH discipline of Anatomy and Pathology University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

The Spinifex hopping mouse(Notomys alexis Thomas,1922)is an arid adapted Australo–Papuan old endemic rodent that undergoes boom and bust population *** this communication,we review our findings on the timing of reproduction and the potential reproductive rate of this *** investigate the first question,the reproductive condition of adult females,and occurrence of immatures,in a population on a cattle station in central Australia was determined and,for the second,data from a laboratory colony compared to those previously published on closely related species in other *** findings show that,at least in the population at the times that monitoring was performed,reproductive activity was only taking place in spring and early summer,whereas the laboratory study indicates that females have a similar gestation length and litter size to those of most close relatives occurring in other *** have extremely small testes and store relatively few *** findings suggest that Notomys alexis might show some seasonality of reproduction at least in this region of central Australia and that this species does not have a higher reproductive rate than that of related species in other,more predictable,environments.

关键词： arid environment hopping mouse reproduction

Can Strategies to Cope with Hazard Shocks be Explained by At-Risk Households' Socioeconomic Asset Profile? Evidence from Tropical Cyclon-Prone Coastal Bangladesh

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第1期8卷 46-63页

作者： Md.Nasif Ahsan Economics discipline Khulna UniversityKhulna-9208Bangladesh

This article documents the results of an empirical investigation on the complex interplay between diverse coping mechanisms and the socioeconomic asset profiles of coastal households at risk. Focusing on household-level perceptions and responses to cyclone hazards, a case study was carried out in a poor area in Bangladesh that is prone to natural hazards. We developed and tested our own analytical models based on the asset approach. We conducted a face-to-face household survey in southwestern coastal Bangladesh, in the Koyra sub-district, in late *** asked 360 households affected by the May 2009 tropical Cyclone Aila about their hazard perceptions, preparedness, coping practices, and socioeconomic assets. The results suggest that the majority of households at risk perceive an increasing trend of different climate hazards,with a distinct dominance of tropical cyclones, storm surges, and flash floods in the study area, which resulted in a yearly average economic damage of USD 144 for each household in the first year after Aila. However, such damage is significantly and inversely correlated with the number of adopted coping practices. Significant and systematic differences exist between upstream and downstream households in the study area with respect to hazard perception, hazard induced damages, asset accessibility,and adopted diversified coping practices. The empirical findings suggest that the degree of adoption of coping practices depends primarily on elements of socioeconomic asset profile and the duration of the consequences of cyclone hazards. Disaster preparedness training seems to improve at-risk households' degree of information access and eventually leads them to adopt more coping practices to reduce adverse impacts of climate hazards. Area-specific practical modules on coping practices should be incorporated in curricula of disaster preparedness training to make people at risk more resilient to hazard shocks.

关键词： Climatic hazard risk Coastal Bangladesh Coping mechanism Cyclone Aila

Utilization of plant-based natural coagulants as future alternatives towards sustainable water clarification

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2178-2189页

作者： Sook Yan Choy Krishna Murthy Nagendra Prasad Ta Yeong Wu Mavinakere Eshwaraiah Raghunandan Ramakrishnan Nagasundara Ramanan Chemical Engineering discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Civil Engineering discipline School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia Advanced Engineering Platform School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia

Rapid industrial developments coupled with surging population growth have complicated issues dealing with water scarcity as the quest for clean and sanitized water intensifies globally. Existing flesh water supplies could be contaminated with organic, inorganic and biological matters that have potential harm to the society. Turbidity in general is a measure of water cloudiness induced by such colloidal and suspended matters and is also one of the major criteria in raw water monitoring to meet the stipulated water quality guidelines. Turbidity reduction is often accomplished using chemical coagulants such as alum. The use of alum is widely associated with potential development of health issues and generation of voluminous sludge. Natural coagulants that are available in abundance can certainly be considered in addressing the drawbacks associated with the use of chemical coagulants. Twenty one types of plant-based natural coagulants categorized as fruit waste and others are identified and presented collectively with their research summary in this review. The barriers and prospects of commercialization of natural coagulants in near future are also discussed.

关键词： Chemical coagulant Commercialization Constraints Fruit waste Protein Turbidity reduction

Probabilistic rainfall thresholds in Chibo, India: estimation and validation using monitoring system

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 870-883页

作者： Abhirup DIKSHIT Neelima SATYAM discipline of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol

The Himalayan region has been severely affected by landslides especially during the monsoons. In particular, Kalimpong region in Darjeeling Himalayas has recorded several landslides and has caused significant loss of life, property and agricultural land. The study region, Chibo has experienced several landslides in the past which were mainly debris and earth slide. Globally, several types of rainfall thresholds have been used to determine rainfall-induced landslide incidents. In this paper, probabilistic thresholds have been defined as it would provide a better understanding compared to deterministic thresholds which provide binary results, i.e., either landslide or no landslide for a particular rainfall event. Not much research has been carried out towards validation of rainfall thresholds using an effective and robust monitoring system. The thresholds are then validated using a reliable system utilizing Microelectromechanical Systems(MEMS) tilt sensor and volumetric water content sensor installed in the region. The system measures the tilt of the instrument which is installed at shallow depths and is ideal for an early warning system for shallow landslides. The change in observed tilt angles due to rainfall would give an understanding of the applicability of the probabilistic model. The probabilities determined using Bayes' theorem have been calculated using the rainfall parameters and landslide data in 2010-2016. The rainfall values were collected from an automatic rain gauge setup near the Chibo region. The probabilities were validated using the MEMS based monitoring system setup in Chibo for the monsoon season of 2017. This is the first attempt to determine probabilities and validate it with a robust and effective monitoring system in Darjeeling Himalayas. This study would help in developing an early warning system for regions where the installation of monitoring systems may not be feasible.

关键词： Early warning Probabilistic thresholds Kalimpong Monitoring

Defects‑Rich Heterostructures Trigger Strong Polarization Coupling in Sulfides/Carbon Composites with Robust Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 528-547页

作者： Jiaolong Liu Siyu Zhang Dan Qu Xuejiao Zhou Moxuan Yin Chenxuan Wang Xuelin Zhang Sichen Li Peijun Zhang Yuqi Zhou Kai Tao Mengyang Li Bing Wei Hongjing Wu Mengyang Li Bing Wei Hongjing Wu School of Physics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor TechnologyXidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China School of Microelectronics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China School of Telecommunication Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071People’s Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary School of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems forAerospace School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern PolytechnicalUniversityXi’an 710072People’s Republic of China

Defects-rich heterointerfaces integrated with adjustable crystalline phases and atom vacancies,as well as veiled dielectric-responsive character,are instrumental in electromagnetic *** methods,however,constrain their delicate ***,an innovative alternative is proposed:carrageenan-assistant cations-regulated(CACR)strategy,which induces a series of sulfides nanoparticles rooted in situ on the surface of carbon *** unique configuration originates from strategic vacancy formation energy of sulfides and strong sulfides-carbon support interaction,benefiting the delicate construction of defects-rich heterostructures in M_(x)S_(y)/carbon composites(M-CAs).Impressively,these generated sulfur vacancies are firstly found to strengthen electron accumulation/consumption ability at heterointerfaces and,simultaneously,induct local asymmetry of electronic structure to evoke large dipole moment,ultimately leading to polarization coupling,i.e.,defect-type interfacial ***“Janus effect”(Janus effect means versatility,as in the Greek two-headed Janus)of interfacial sulfur vacancies is intuitively confirmed by both theoretical and experimental investigations for the first ***,the sulfur vacancies-rich heterostructured Co/Ni-CAs displays broad absorption bandwidth of 6.76 GHz at only 1.8 mm,compared to sulfur vacancies-free CAs without any dielectric *** defects-rich heterostructures,this one-pot CACR strategy may steer the design and development of advanced nanomaterials,boosting functionality across diverse application domains beyond electromagnetic response.

关键词： Defects-rich heterointerfaces Sulfides Polarization coupling Electromagnetic wave absorption

Stability and Robustness of a Coupled Microgrid Cluster Formed by Various Coupling Structures

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2021年第4期7卷 60-77页

作者： S.M.Ferdous Farhad Shahnia GM Shafiullah discipline of Engineering and Energy Murdoch UniversityPerth 6150Australia

A standalone microgrid(MG)may frequently experience overloading owing to insufficient power generation or excessive renewable-based generation,which can cause unacceptable voltage and frequency *** problems are conventionally alleviated by load-shedding or renewable ***,autonomously operating MGs can be provisionally connected to facilitate temporary power *** power-exchange link among the MGs can be of different types,e.g.,three-phase ac,single-phase ac,or dc-link and power electronic *** these topologies can facilitate power exchange,but they differ with regard to stability and *** the present study,the stability and robustness of such structures are investigated,and the effects of factors such as the length of the interconnecting line among the MGs,the amount of power supplied to the troubled MGs,and the number of coupled MGs are *** stability and robustness of the structures are evaluated in Matlab.

关键词： Microgrid coupled microgrids stability robustness

Conservation of an important montane bamboo Thamnocalamus falconeri, *** Munro through axillary bud proliferation

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第1期26卷 179-185页

作者： Meena Bakshi Chandrakant Tiwari Sajad Razvi Plant Physiology discipline Botany DivisionForest ResearchInstitute

Thamnocalamus falconeri, Hook.f. ex Munro.,an important bamboo species belonging to the family Poaceae, locally known as Ringal, occurs in the hills of Uttarakhand, India. This species has been traditionally exploited by local communities to support their *** needs of the hill villages impose unsustainable pressure on natural stands of Ringal in the Uttarakhand hills and forests have been degraded. The long history of excessive cutting of Ringal from natural forests and the lack of replanting threaten villager livelihoods. Replanting is required to conserve the species. We propose a protocol for generation of planting material through axillary bud proliferation for multiplication and conservation of this species. We collected offsets/rhizomes from a natural stand of T. falconeri in the Chopta Mandal areas（Chamoli district, India）. These were planted at sites of varied elevation and fresh single nodal segments were collected from them as explants. Different sterilization treatments were assessed to combat contamination. Among these, treatment of 0.1 %Hg Cl2 followed by 5 % Na OCl, proved best. Among two cytokinin treatments, viz. BAP and Kinetin, singly or in combination, BAP alone（5 mg L-1） proved superior and resulted in 100 % bud break. BAP-supplemented MS media yielded maximum vigorous shoot formation（90 %）and maximum number of shoots（8.9）. Subculturing of shoots on the same medium with similar BAP treatment（5 mg L-1BAP） enabled continuous production of healthy shoots at similar frequency. Maximum rooting（100 %）was recorded on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1IBA. Micropropagated plants were hardened and acclimatized in soil mixture（2：1：1） and then transplanted to field sites（Magra, Uttarakhand, 1,834 m）.Eight to ten months after field transplantation we recorded100 % survival of transplanted material. This micropropagation protocol could be used successfully for raising a stock of genetically homogenous plant material in bulk

关键词： Thamnocalamus falconeri Micropropagation MS medium Axillary bud proliferation Hormones