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MIS 5e sea surface temperature estimation;a multi-proxy approach using a marine macrofossil assemblage(Mar Piccolo,Gulf of Taranto,Southern Italy)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 327-350页

作者： Pierluigi Santagati Edoardo Perri Maria Pia Bernasconi Mario Borrelli Salvatore Guerrieri Salvatore Critelli dipartimento di biologia Ecologia e Scienze della TerraUniversita della Calabriavia Pietro Bucci87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItaly dipartimento di Ingegneria Ambientale Universita della Calabriavia Pietro Bucci87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItaly

It is reported a multi-proxy palaeoclimatic study conducted on a MIS 5e calcarenite from the Mar Piccolo Basin(MP),Gulf of Taranto(GT)(Central Mediterranean).The calcarenite returned a rich malacofauna consisting of 120 extant species,including four of the tropical Senegalese Fauna,today absent in the Mediterranean.The biogeographic-climatic affinity of the assemblage shows,compared to today,a double percentage of warm affinity species,while the cold affinity species are nearly equally represented,indicating a warmer but not strictly tropical SST.This is confirmed by the most recurring preferred SST ranges of the assemblage,indicating an average of 20℃.The skeletal compositions of five well-preserved molluscan and coral specimens were analyzed for trace elements and stable isotopes for further mean SST estimations.From the comparison of the results of several equations available in literature,it appears that only some SST estimations are realistic,converging into similar values of,on average,20.8±0.9℃.Considering all the used proxies,the MIS 5e SST difference compared to today falls in the range 1.2—2.0℃for the GT(being a more reasonable scenario)and 2.0—2.8℃for the MP.This is not a firmly tropical-like SST setting as suggested by the sole Senegalese fauna,indicating at least 2.7℃—3.5℃more than today’s GT and MP,respectively.The approximations and assumptions made for obtaining SST values with any single proxy indicate the need of a multi-proxy approach to define the best SST estimation.

关键词： MiS 5e Sea surface temperature Palaeoclimate proxy Fossil fauna Gulf of Taranto

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Recent advances of versatile reagents as controllable building blocks in organic synthesis

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 24-43页

作者： Shaomin Chen Luigi Vaccaro Yanlong Gu Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of EducationHubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service FailureSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Laboratory of Green S.O.C. Dipartimento di ChimicaBiologia e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto 8Perugia 06123Italy School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang BingtuanShihezi UniversityShihezi 832004China

diversity-oriented synthesis is a powerful and interesting synthetic tool for the rapid construction of structurally complex and privileged scaffolds from readily accessible starting materials.To date,diversity-oriented synthesis mostly relies on the employment of versatile reagents.Versatile reagents can be regulated as controllable and flexible building blocks for multipurpose utilizations.Over the past decade,a variety of multifunctional reagents have been developed.However,most versatile reagents usually need multi-step synthesis,thus restricting their wide application to a large extent.In terms of the practicalities and universalities,we prefer to pay more attention to the utilization of simple and practical versatile reagents with multiple reactivities,mainly including atropaldehyde acetals,aryl methyl ketones,vinylene carbonate,vinyl azides,aryldiazonium salts,rongalite,halodifluoromethyl compounds.Most importantly,these versatile reagents can also play different roles simultaneously in the same reaction,in which their different reactivities are converged into the final target products.Such strategy can not only offer more possibilities for the synthesis of several active pharmaceutical ingredients,but also minimize the occurrence of some side reactions by lessening the varieties of materials.Also,a perspective is given at the end of this review.

关键词： Versatile reagents divergent synthesis Dual synthons Bond cleavage Tandem reactions

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The formation and growth mechanisms of young back-arc spreading ridges from high-resolution bathymetry:The Marsili Seamount(Tyrrhenian Sea,Italy)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 325-338页

作者： Eugenio Nicotra Salvatore Passaro Guido Ventura dipartimento di biologia Ecologia e Scienze della Terra Universitàdella Calabria87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItaly Istituto di Scienze Marine CNR 80133 NapoliItaly Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia 00143 RomaItaly Istituto per lo Studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilitáin ambiente marino CNR 91026 Capo GranitolaTrapaniItaly

The formation and growth mechanisms of Mid-Ocean Ridges(MOR)are relatively well known,whereas those of back-arc spreading ridges are comparatively less known because geophysical,geochemical,and morphological data are scarce and of low density.Here we present a high-resolution bathymetry of the Marsili Seamount(MS;1 Ma-3 ka),which represents the inflated spreading ridge of the 2 Ma old Marsili back-arc basin associated to the subduction of the Ionian Sea below the Calabrian Arc and Tyrrhenian Sea.MS is 70 km long,30 km wide,and its height reaches about 3000 m from surrounding seafloor.Our new digital bathymetric model has a 5 m grid cell size resolution and covers the MS bathymetry from-1670 mbsl to the top at-491 mbsl.We conduct morphometric and morphological analyses of the bathymetry and recognize landforms due to volcanic,tectonic,hydrothermal and gravity processes.MS consists of volcanoes related to fissural and central-type activity,this latter located at the northern and southern tips of the main dike swarms.dike swarms represent the surface expression of different ridge segments whose strikes are controlled by the larger scale back-arc spreading processes and by the local occurrence of an active hydrothermal field.This latter develops in a flat area between two partly overlapping ridge segments where historical volcanism and extensional processes concentrate.Such ridges represent the embryonic stage of the formation of transform-like faults.Central volcanoes,the northern of which is characterized by a caldera,form at the tips of MS because the decrease in width of the major volcanic fissures promotes vent localization associated with the formation of sill-like reservoirs from which central-type vents may develop.Gravity processes affecting the MS flanks are due to shallow seafloor sliding.Caldera collapses affecting the northernmost central-type polygenic volcano must be included in the evaluation of the hazard related to potential tsunami.Inward dipping faults characterize the MS eastern flank suggesting

关键词： Back-arc spreading ridge Morphology Tectonics Volcanism Marsili seamount

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Waste-minimized C(sp^(3))-H activation for the preparation of fused N-heterocycles

绿色合成与催化(英文)

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绿色合成与催化(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 240-245页

作者： Nihad Salameh Francesco Minio Gabriele Rossini Assunta Marrocchi Luigi Vaccaro Laboratory of Green S.O.C.-dipartimento di Chimica Biologia e BiotecnologieUniversita Degli Studi di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto 8Perugia 06123Italy

By exploiting the combined use of a heterogeneous recyclable palladium(II)-bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)catalyst and cyclopentyl methyl ether(CPME)as a convenient recoverable safer reaction medium,an effective wasteminimized approach has been developed for the intramolecular Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation of methyl pyrrole derivatives.This synthetic tools has allowed to access condensed N-heterocycles generally endowed with biological activities and representatively are the core motif of complex molecules such as Mitomycines and Tylophorines.The heterogeneous catalytic system could be recovered and reused up to representative five runs without any loss in efficiency.The target products(19 examples)have been obtained selectively and with excellent isolated yields up to 93%.The approach leads to the definition of a protocol with a very good E-factor(21)which is much lower(up to 98%)than those of comparable literature examples.Other green metrics have been calculated and the data collected demonstrate that our newly developed protocol is very promising in terms of its environmental impact profile.

关键词： C-H functionalization C-H activation Sustainable chemistry Waste-minimization Heterogeneous catalysis Safe reaction medium

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Detrital zircon ages of Oligocene to Miocene sandstone suites of the Southern Apennines foreland basin system,Italy

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第2期11卷 222-237页

作者： Annamaria Fornelli Francesca Micheletti Salvatore Gallicchio Fabrizio Tursi Sara Criniti Salvatore Critelli dipartimento Scienze Della Terra e Geoambientali Universit a Degli Studi“Aldo Moro”BariVia E.Orabona470125BariItal dipartimento di biologia Ecologia e Scienze Della TerraUniversit a Della CalabriaVia Pietro Bucci87036Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItaly

U-Pb spot ages on detrital zircons from turbidite quartzarenites,quartz-feldspathic and volcaniclastic sandstones of the Tufiti di Tusa(TTF),Numidian Flysch(NF),Bifurto(BF),Gorgoglione(GF)and Serra Palazzo(SPF)formations,exposed in southern Italy,were detected to define their provenance signatures aiming to contribute to reconstructing the complex geodynamic evolution of the southern Apennine chain.The deposition ages of these sandstones range from Rupelian(TTF),Burdigalian p.p.-Early Langhian(NF and BF)and Langhian-Serravallian-Early Tortonian(GF and SPF).The detrital zircon ages in each deposit show different clusters.In TTF,the zircon age clusters are:610±6 Ma;390±4 Ma;287±3 Ma;157±2 Ma;78±1 Ma and 67±1 Ma;33±1 Ma.In NF and BF formations,the prevalent zircon ages are clustered at 661±10 Ma,607±8 Ma and 547±8 Ma.In GF sandstones,the ages of detrital zircons are clustered around 672±28 Ma,458±9 Ma,297±8 Ma and 24±1 Ma.The sandstones of SPF contain zircons showing age clusters at649±10 Ma,486±7 Ma and 315±5 Ma.Zircons and lithic fragments from TTF display a dominant provenance from Oligocene calc-alkaline effusive products located on western domains of the Mesomediterranean Microplate,and minor detritus from granitoids and metamorphic rocks of Variscan ages.Zircons of NF and BF indicate a provenance of detritus from the African Craton without evidence of Variscan or Alpine signatures.Zircons from GF and SPF show a provenance from both Variscan crystalline basement rocks forming the Alpine chain(Calabria-Peloritani Terranes)and Variscan magmatic and metamorphic rocks unaffected by Alpine tectonics,similar to Sardinia-Corsica(pro-parte)block.In addition,the Oligocene magmatic component dated at 24 Ma in GF sandstones is evidence for the maximum age of sedimentation for these deposits.In light of the recent and preliminary geochronological data acquired,a revised paleogeographic restoration could be inferred for the location of sedimentary basins during the Apennines tectonic evolution.The Rupelian sedimentation age

关键词： U-Pb detrital Zircon ages Provenance of sandstones Southern Apennine chain Southern Circum-Mediterranean paleogeography

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Pollen Tube Growth: a Delicate Equilibrium Between Secretory and Endocytic Pathways

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第8期51卷 727-739页

作者： Alessandra Moscatelli Aurora Irene Idilli dipartimento di biologia L. Gorini Università degli Studi di MilanoVia Celoria 26 20133 Milano Italy

Although pollen tube growth is a prerequisite for higher plant fertilization and seed production, the processes leading to pollen tube emission and elongation are crucial for understanding the basic mechanisms of tip growth. It was generally accepted that pollen tube elongation occurs by accumulation and fusion of Golgi-derived secretory vesicles （SVs） in the apical region, or clear zone, where they were thought to fuse with a restricted area of the apical plasma membrane （PM）, defining the apical growth domain. Fusion of SVs at the tip reverses outside cell wall material and provides new segments of PM. However, electron microscopy studies have clearly shown that the PM incorporated at the tip greatly exceeds elongation and a mechanism of PM retrieval was already postulated in the mid-nineteenth century. Recent studies on endocytosis during pollen tube growth showed that different endocytic pathways occurred in distinct zones of the tube, including the apex, and led to a new hypothesis to explain vesicle accumulation at the tip; namely, that endocytic vesicles contribute substantially to V-shaped vesicle accumulation in addition to SVs and that exocytosis does not involve the entire apical domain. New insights suggested the intriguing hypothesis that modulation between exo- and endocytosis in the apex contributes to maintain PM polarity in terms of lipid/protein composition and showed distinct degradation pathways that could have different functions in the physiology of the cell. Pollen tube growth in vivo is closely regulated by interaction with style molecules. The study of endocytosis and membrane recycling in pollen tubes opens new perspectives to studying pollen tube-style interactions in vivo.

关键词： endocytosis exocytosis membrane recycling polarized growth pollen tube

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The sedimentary dynamics of Sabellaria alveolata bioconstructions (Ostia,Tyrrhenian Sea, central Italy)

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第1期9卷 42-59页

作者： Stefania Nunzia Lisco Pasquale Acquafredda Salvatore Gallicchio Luisa Sabato Andrea Bonifazi Frine Cardone Giuseppe Corriero Maria Flavia Gravina Cataldo Pierri Massimo Moretti dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali Universitàdegli Studi di Bari70124 BariItaly dipartimento di biologia Universitàdegli Studi di Bari70124 BariItaly dipartimento di biologia Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”00133 RomeItaly.

Sabellaria alveolata(Linnaeus 1767)is a polychaete able to build bioconstructions of different thickness,size and patchiness,in intertidal and subtidal environments.Its biological features have been the object of numerous studies worldwide.The worm reefs are formed by millions of tubes built by sand and shells(whole or in fragments)bonded together with a strong glue produced by the worm itself.Hence,Sabellaria alveolata represents a sedimentological asset for the coastal protection,since it contributes to create natural barriers against storm waves and erosion,and supplies the beach with new sandy deposits.This work shows a multidisciplinary approach to studying a bioconstruction of Sabellaria alveolata along the Latium coast(Ostia,Tyrrhenian Sea,central Italy),proposing image analysis as a novel technique to investigate worm reefs,along with classical sedimentological/ecological tools.The Sabellaria bioconstructions have been analysed at different scales of observation,suggesting the more appropriate strategies to develop a reliable model illustrating the different growth steps of these bioconstructions.

关键词： Sedimentology Sabellaria alveolata Bioconstruction Shallow-marine environment Image analysis Tyrrhenian Sea Latium coast Ostia

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The use of mineral interfaces in sand-sized volcanic rock fragments to infer mechanical durability

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第3期9卷 288-313页

作者： Emilia Le Pera Consuele Morrone dipartimento di biologia Ecologia e Scienze della Terra(DiBEST)Universita

The use of mineral interfaces, in sand-sized rock fragments, to infer the influence exerted by mechanical durability on the generation of siliciclastic sediments, has been determined for plutoniclastic sand. Conversely, for volcaniclastic sand, it has received much less attention, and, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to make use of the volcaniclastic interfacial modal mineralogy of epiclastic sandy fragments, to infer mechanical durability control at a modern beach environment. Volcaniclastic sand was collected along five beaches developed on five islands, of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea(Alicudi, Filicudi, Salina, Panarea and Stromboli) from the Aeolian Archipelago, and one sample was collected near the Stromboli Island volcanic crater. Each sample was sieved and thin sectioned for petrographic analysis. The modal mineralogy of the very coarse, coarse and medium sand fractions was determined by point-counting of the interfacial boundaries discriminating 36 types of interfaces categories, both no-isomineralic and/or no iso-structural(e.g., phenocrystal/glassy groundmass or phenocrystal/microlitic groundmass boundaries) and iso-mineralic interfaces, inside volcanic lithic grains with lathwork and porphyric textures. A total of 47,386 interfacial boundaries have been counted and, the most representative series of interfaces, from the highest to the lowest preservation, can be grouped as: a) ultrastable interfaces, categorized as Pl(Plagioclase)/Glgr(Glassy groundmass) > > Px(Pyroxene)/Glgr > > Ol(Olivine)/Glgr > > Op(Opaque)/Glgr > > Hbl(Hornblende)/Glgr> > Bt(Biotite)/Glgr > > Idd(Iddingsite)/Glgr > > Rt(Rutile)/Glgr;b) stable interfaces, categorized as Pl/Migr(Microlitic groundmass) > > Op/Migr > > Px/Migr > > Ol/Migr;c) moderately stable interfaces, categorized as Op/Px > > Op/Hbl > > Px/P > > Ol/Pl> > Bt/Op;and d) unstable interfaces, categorized as Pl/Pl > > Px/Px > > Ol/Ol > >Op/Op > > Hbl/Hbl > > Bt/Bt. Grains, eroded from the volcanic bedrock, if affected solely by abrasion, developed a rounded an

关键词： Volcaniclastic sand Mineral interfaces Volcanic beach environment Mechanical durability

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Cognitive ecology of pollinators and the main determinants of foraging plasticity

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 421-424页

作者： David Baracchi dipartimento di biologia Universita degli Studi di Firenze Via Madonna del Piano 6 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze 50019 Italy

Introduction The long-lasting coevolution between flowering plants and associate pollinators has made both partners intimately connected and reciprocally dependent on one another (Chittka and Thomson 2001;Harder and Barrett 2006;Waser and Oilerton 2006). The interaction between plants and pollinators rests mostly on a mutualistic exchange: plants invest in the production of nectar and pollen to reward pollinators who, in turn, sustain plant reproduction by vectoring their pollen to conspecific flowers (Harder and Barrett 2006;Waser and Oilerton 2006).

关键词： Cognitive ecology pollinators foraging

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Effects of Plasmodium falciparum—infected erythrocytes on matrix metalloproteinase-9 regulation in human microvascular endothelial cells

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第3期6卷 195-199页

作者： Sarah D' Alessandro Nicoletta Basilico Mauro Prato dipartimento di Sanita Pubblica-Microbiologia-Virologia Universita di MilanoMilanoItaly dipartimento di Genetica Biologia e BiochimicaFacolta di Medicina e ChirurgiaUniversita di TorinoTorinoItaly

Objective:To investigate the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of melalloproleinases(TIMPs) in human microvascular endothelium(HMEC-1) exposed to erythrocytes infected by different strains of Plasmodium falciparum(P.falciparum).Methods: HMEC—1 eells were co—incubated for 72 h with erythrocytes infected by late stage trophozoite of D10(chloroquine-sensilive) or W 2(chloroquine-resistant) P.falciparum strains.Cell supernatants were then collected and the levels of pro- or active gelatinases MMP-9 and MMP-2 were evaluated by gelatin zymograpln and densitometry.The release of pro-MMP-9,MMP-3.MMP-1 and TIMP-1 proteins was analyzed by western blotting and densitometry.Results:Infected erythrocytes induced de novo proMMP-9 and MMP-9 release.Neither basal levels of proMMP-2 were altered,nor active MMP-2 was found.MMP-3 and MMP-1 secretion was significant!) enhanced,whereas basal TIMP-1 was unaffected.All effects were similar for both strains. Conclusions:P.falciparum parasites,either chloroquine-sonsitive or -resistant,induce the release of active MMP-9 protein from human microvascular endothelium,by impairing balances between proMMP-9 and its inhibitor,and by enhancing the levels of its activators.This work provides new evidence on MMP involvement in malaria,pointing at MMP-9 as a possible target in adjuvant therapy.

关键词： Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Endothelial cells Matrix metalloproteinases Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases Gelatinases

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