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Gut virome:New key players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

World Journal of Methodology 2025年第2期15卷 27-43页

作者： Helal F Hetta Rehab Ahmed Yasmin N Ramadan Hayam Fathy Mohammed Khorshid Mohamed M Mabrouk Mai Hashem Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiut 71515Egypt Division of Microbiology Immunology and BiotechnologyFaculty of pharmacyUniversity of TabukTabuk 71491Saudi Arabia Division of Microbiology Immunology and BiotechnologyDepartment of Natural Products and Alternative MedicineFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of TabukTabuk 71491Saudi Arabia Department of Internal medicine Division HepatogastroenterologyAssiut UniversityAssiut 71515Egypt Department of Clinical Research Egyptian Developers of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy FoundationCairo 11936Egypt Department of Internal medicine Faculty of Medicine.Tanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Department of tropical medicine Gastroenterology and HepatologyAssiut University HospitalAssiut 71515Egypt

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic inflammatory illness of the *** the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of IBD is not fully under-stood,it is believed that a complex combination of host immunological response,environmental exposure,particularly the gut microbiota,and genetic suscept-ibility represents the major *** gut virome is a group of viruses found in great frequency in the gastrointestinal tract of *** gut virome varies greatly among individuals and is influenced by factors including lifestyle,diet,health and disease conditions,geography,and *** majority of research has focused on the significance of gut bacteria in the progression of IBD,although viral populations represent an important component of the *** conducted this review to highlight the viral communities in the gut and their expected roles in the etiopathogenesis of IBD regarding published research to date.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Pathogenesis Gut virome Bacteriophage Eukaryotic viruses

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Decreased apoptosis in advanced-stage/high-grade hepatocellular carcinoma complicating chronic hepatitis C is mediated through the downregulation of p21 ras

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2013年第3期25卷 281-288页

作者： Nahed Baddour Ebtehal Farrag Ahmed Zeid Essam Bedewy Yousry Taher departments of Pathology Alexandria Egypt departments of Hepatobiliary Unit Internal MedicineAlexandria Egypt departments of tropical medicine of the Alexandria Faculty of medicine Alexandria Egypt

Objective and background： Although p21 ras has been reported to be upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma complicating chronic hepatitis C type I, p21 ras has a different role in advanced stages, as it has been found to be downregulated. The goal of this study was to investigate the status of p21 ras in early-stage/low-grade and late-stage/high-grade hepatocellular carcinoma and its possible link to apoptosis. Material and methods： Thirty-five cases each of chronic HCV hepatitis type 4 （group I） and cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） complicating chronic HCV hepatitis （groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ） were immunohistochemically evaluated using a p21 ras polyclonal antibody. The apoptotic index was determined in histologic sections using the terminal deoxynncleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UTP biotin nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay. Results： Significant differences （P=0.001） were detected in p21 ras protein expression between the three groups. A near 2-fold increase in p21 ras staining was observed in the cirrhotic cases compared to the hepatitis cases, and p21 ras expression was decreased in the HCC group, p21 ras expression correlated with stage （r=0.64, P--0.001） and grade （r=-0.65, P=0.001） in the HCC group and grade in the HCV group （r=0.44, P=0.008）. Both p21 ras expression and TUNEL-LI were significantly lower in large HCCs compared to small HCCs （P=0.01 each）. The TUNEL values were negatively correlated with stage in the HCC group （r=-0.85, P=0.001）. The TUNEL values were also negatively correlated with grade in both the HCV and HCC groups （r=0.89, P=0.001 and r=0.53, P=0.001, respectively）. The p21 ras scores were significantly correlated with the TUNEL-LI values in the HCC group （r=0.63, P=0.001） and HCV group （r=0.88, P=0.001）. Conclusions： p21 ras acts as an initiator in HCC complicating type 4 chronic HCV and is downregulated with HCC progression, which most likely promotes tumor cell survival because it facilitates the downregulation of apoptosis with tumor

关键词： p21 ras terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis HCV type 4 hepatocellular carcinoma

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Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic hepatitis C virus infection in Egyptian children

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2007年第12期13卷 1828-1832页

作者： MS El-Raziky M El-Hawary G Esmat AM Abouzied N El-Koofy N Mohsen S Mansour A Shaheen M Abdel Hamid H El-Karaksy departments of Pediatrics Cairo University Cairo Egypt departments of tropical medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt tropical medicine Research Institute Cairo Egypt

AIM: To identify the prevalence, risk factors and manifestations of asymptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Egyptian children. METHODS: Children at the age of 1-9 years were screened for HCV antibodies and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Every child with elevated ALT and/or detectable HCV antibodies was tested for HCV RNA by RT-PCR and compared with two negative controls for risk factors and signs and symptoms of liver ***: We screened 1042 children, six of them had elevated ALT, negative HCV antibody and positive RNA, likely representing acute hepatitis C cases. Fifteen children were HCV seropositive, 5 of them were HCV RNA positive. Asymptomatic HCV infection was present in 2.02% (positive results for either HCV antibodies or HCV-RNA or both). Symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, history of fatigue and school absence because of illness and risk factors such as dental care were significantly more common among HCV positive cases than among controls. None of the HCV positive children was diagnosed as having signs of advanced liver disease upon clinical or ultrasonographic examination. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic HCV infection is detectable in 2.02% Egyptian children.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Child Egypt Prevalence Transfusion Risk factor

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Management of a large mucosal defect after duodenal endoscopic resection

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2016年第29期22卷 6595-6609页

作者： Shintaro Fujihara Hirohito Mori Hideki Kobara Noriko Nishiyama Tae Matsunaga Maki Ayaki Tatsuo Yachida Tsutomu Masaki departments of gastroenterology and Neurology Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine

Duodenal endoscopic resection is the most difficult type of endoscopic treatment in the gastrointestinal tract(GI) and is technically challenging because of anatomical specificities. In addition to these technical difficulties, this procedure is associated with a significantly higher rate of complication than endoscopic treatment in other parts of the GI tract. Postoperative delayed perforation and bleeding are hazardous complications, and emergency surgical intervention is sometimes required. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to establish a management protocol for preventing serious complications. For instance, the prophylactic closure of large mucosal defects after endoscopic resection may reduce the risk of hazardous complications. However, the size of mucosal defects after endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is relatively large compared with the size after endoscopic mucosal resection, making it impossible to achieve complete closure using only conventional clips. The over-the-scope clip and polyglycolic acid sheets with fibrin gel make it possible to close large mucosal defects after duodenal ESD. In addition to the combination of laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic resection, endoscopic full-thickness resection holds therapeutic potential for difficult duodenal lesions and may overcome the disadvantages of endoscopic resection in the near future. This review aims to summarize the complications and closure techniques of large mucosal defects and to highlight some directions for management after duodenal endoscopic treatment.

关键词： Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopic submucosal dissection Duodenum Complication Bleeding Perforation Over-the-scope clip Clip Closure Endoscopic full-thickness resection

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Prevalence of IgA-antiendomysial antibody in a patient cohort with idiopathic low bone mineral density

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2007年第21期13卷 2978-2982页

作者： T Karakan O Ozyemisci-Taskiran Z Gunendi F Atalay C Tuncer Gazi University Faculty of MedicineDepartments of GastroenterologyAnkaraTurkey Gazi University Faculty of MedicineDepartments of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationAnkaraTurkey

AIM:To investigate the frequency of serum IgA-antiendomysial antibody positivity in patients with low bone mineral density and to assess the risk group for screening of celiac disease. METHODS:One hundred and thirty-five patients (14 male,121 female) with idiopathic low bone mineral density were evaluated. The median age was 57.2 years (24-81). Antiendomysial antibody was determined by the immunofluorescence method using a commercial kit (INOVA Diagnostics Inc.,CA,USA),which employs a 5 μm thin cryostat section of monkey esophagus as a substrate. RESULTS:Of the 135 patients evaluated,13 were found to have positive IgA antiendomysial antibody test (9.6%) response. None of the patients had IgA deficiency. Endoscopic appearance and histological examination were normal in all of these patients. Seropositive patients had significantly lower age (48.9 ± 4.3 vs 59.2 ± 6.2,P < 0.05),higher ratio of male gender (61.5% vs 4.9%,P < 0.01) and pre-menopausal status (8.7% vs 1.3%,P < 0.01). Lumbar spine and femoral neck z-scores,but not t-scores were significantly lower in seropositive patients. Seropositive patients had lower serum 25 (OH) vitamin D,calcium and higher serum parathormone levels than seronegative patients. CONCLUSION:The screening of celiac disease in idiopathic osteoporosis should be restricted to patients without classical risk factors (younger,pre-menopausal,male gender) for osteoporosis. Bone mineral density measurements using z-scores should be considered for identifying risk groups for celiac disease.

关键词： Antiendomysial antibodies Celiac disease Osteoporosis

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Atezolizumab and bevacizumab combination in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients:The imperative for safety assessment studies

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第9期13卷 56-59页

作者： Mina Tharwat Ahmed Tawheed Mohamed El-Kassas Department of tropical medicine and gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineAswan UniversityAswan 81528Egypt Department of Endemic medicine Faculty of MedicineHelwan UniversityCairo 11795Egypt

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most prevalent cancer of the hepatobiliary tract and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality *** and bevacizumab combination is currently considered among the frontline treatment modalities for advanced unresectable *** studies examining this combination were focused on evaluating its *** numerous case reports documenting some side effects,there is a limited number of large-scale studies assessing these side *** this article,we comment on the case report by Park et al published recently,reporting a fatal intra-tumoral hemorrhage in a patient with HCC who received systemic therapy in the form of the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Atezolizumab Bevacizumab Hemorrhage Side effects

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Barrett's esophagus:Prevalence and risk factors in patients with chronic GERD in Upper Egypt

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2009年第28期15卷 3511-3515页

作者： Yasser M Fouad Madiha M Makhlouf Heba M Tawfik Hussein El Amin Wael Abdel Ghany Hisham R El-khayat Department of tropical medicine and gastroenterology Minya University Department of Pathology Minya University Department of Internal medicine Gastroenterology Unit Assuit University Department of gastroenterology Theodore Bilharz Research Institute

AIM： To determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of Barrett＇s esophagus （BE） in patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease （GERD） in EI Minya and Assuit, Upper Egypt. METHODS： One thousand consecutive patients with chronic GERD symptoms were included in the study over 2 years. They were subjected to history taking including a questionnaire for GERD symptoms, clinical examination and upper digestive tract endoscopy. Endoscopic signs suggestive of columnar-lined esophagus （CLE） were defined as mucosal tongues or an upward shift of the squamocolumnar junction. BF was diagnosed by pathological examination when specialized intestinal metaplasia was detected histologically in suspected CLE. pH was monitored in 40 patients. RESULTS： BE was present in 7.3% of patients with chronic GERD symptoms, with a mean age of 48.3 ± 8.2 years, which was significantly higher than patients with GERD without BE （37.4 ± 13.6 years）. Adenocarcinoma was detected in eight cases （0.8%）, six of them in BE patients. There was no significant difference between patients with BE and GERD regarding sex, smoking, alcohol consumption or symptoms of GERD. Patients with BE had significantly longer esophageal acid exposure time in the supine position, measured by pH monitoring. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of BE in patients with GERD who were referred for endoscopy was 7.3%. BE seems to be associated with older age and more in patients with nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Gastroesophageal reflux Risk factors

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Accurate hemostasis with a new endoscopic overtube for emergency endoscopy

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2013年第17期19卷 2723-2726页

作者： Hirohito Mori Hideki Kobara Shintaro Fujihara Noriko Nishiyama Makoto Oryu Kazi Rafiq Tsutomu Masaki departments of gastroenterology and Neurology Kagawa Medical University School of Medicine departments of Pharmacology Kagawa Medical University School of Medicine

Endoscopic hemostasis performed in the emergency room is difficult due to the presence of blood clots and food residue that makes obtaining a clear view of the bleeding vessel difficult. We experienced the efficacy of a newly developed inverted overtube to shorten the hemostatic time and obtain a clear endoscopic view with upper gastrointestinal bleeding patient who were transferred by ambulance car and required emergency endoscopy. The technique improved the endoscopic views and enabled us to perform the hemostatic procedures from the conventional standing position while freely and easily changing the patient's position. The presence of blood clots and food residue in the gastric fornix or upper gastric body makes identifying a bleeding exposed vessel impossible. This set-up significantly shortened the procedure time. The inverted overtube helped us obtain a clear view in patients who were laid in the right lateral position. Rapid identification of ex-posed vessels resulted in success of hemostasis.

关键词： Emergency endoscopic hemostasis Right lateral decubitus position Identification of exposed vessel Newly developed inverted overtube Clear endoscopic view

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Role of pancreatic juice cytology in diagnosis of high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第10期13卷 59-61页

作者： Hussein Hassan Okasha Mohammed Tag-Adeen Hossam Eldin Shaaban Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineKasr Al-Aini School of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineQena Faculty of MedicineSouth Valley UniversityQena 83523Egypt Department of Internal medicine and gastroenterology National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research InstituteCairo 11796Egypt

High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a challenging diagnosis and itdoes not exhibit mass lesions. It is suspected based on changes in the mainpancreatic duct in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Sometimesonly an unclear duct shows in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographywith no focal strictures and upstream dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. Serialpancreatic juice cytology is valuable in diagnosis of those patients.

关键词： High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia Pancreatic cancer Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography Pancreatic juice cytology Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Characteristics and outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma by region in Thailand: A nationwide study

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2017年第39期23卷 7160-7167页

作者： Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Wirichada Pan-ngum Kittiyod Poovorawan Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri Sombat Treeprasertsuk Kamthorn Phaosawasdi Division of gastroenterology Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital De-partment of tropical Hygiene Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Department of Clinical tropical medicine Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University Vichaiyut Hospital and Medical Center

AIM To identify the potential risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma, we determined the characteristics of cholangiocarcinoma patients among 5 different regions of Thailand. METHODS All patients diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma between 2008 and 2013 were identified using the Nationwide Hospital Admission Data registry(n = 39421). Baseline characteristics, comorbidities and survival were abstracted. RESULTS The annual incidence during the study period was stable in all regions. Most patients lived in the Northeast(62.8%), followed by the North(16.9%), Central(12.3%), Bangkok(5.4%), and South(n = 2.6%) regions(P < 0.0001). Significantly more cholangiocarcinoma patients had diabetes, cirrhosis, and chronic viral hepatitis B/C infection than noncholangiocarcinoma participants(diabetes: 11.42% vs 5.28%; cirrhosis: 4.81% vs 0.92%; hepatitis B: 0.74% vs 0.12%; and hepatitis C: 0.50% vs 0.10%, P < 0.0001 for all, respectively). The overall 1-year mortality rate was 81.7%, with a stable trend over time. CONCLUSION Diabetes and chronic liver diseases may be associated with cholangiocarcinoma in the Thai population.

关键词： Bile duct cancer Population-based study Epidemiology Liver fluke infection

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