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Brain endothelial cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway in aging and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2005-2007页

作者： Bryan Sun Lulin Li Jian Luo Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA Polytrauma System of care VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of *** current studies primarily attribute its effects to neurons and glial cells,emerging research suggests that cGAS-STING signaling may play a critical role in cerebral vasculature,particularly in brain endothelial ***,studying the role 7of inflammation caused by the cGAS-STING pathway in brain endothelial cells could provide a more comprehensive understanding of neuroinflammatory disease and new avenues for therapeutic ***,we review the multifaceted role of global cGAS-STING signaling in various neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases and the potential contribution of cGAS-STING in brain endothelial cells.

关键词： stimulator interferon inflammation

Intraoperative intracardiac thrombosis in a liver transplant patient

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World Journal of Hepatology 2010年第5期2卷 198-200页

作者： Lena Sibulesky Prith Peiris C Burcin Taner David J Kramer Juan M Canabal Justin H Nguyen Department of transplantation Division of Transplant SurgeryMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224United States Department of Anesthesiology Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224United States departments of trans-plantation and critical care Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL32224United States

A 66-year-old female with cryptogenic cirrhosis complicated by ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,variceal bleeding and malnutrition with MELD of 34 underwent orthotopic deceased donor liver transplantation performed with piggyback *** eversion thromboendovenectomy was performed for a portal vein thrombus which resulted in an excellent portal vein *** liver graft was recirculated without any hemodynamic ***,the patient became hypotensive progressing to *** was resuscitated and a transesophageal probe was inserted which revealed a mobile right atrial thrombus and an underfilled poorly contractile right *** patient was noted to be coagulopathic at the *** became progressively more stable with a TEE showing complete resolution of the intracardiac thrombus.

关键词： Liver transplantation Cardiac thrombus Reperfusion injury Coagulopathy transesophageal echocardiogram

Exploring the novel role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in phagocytosis:beyond myelinogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 473-474页

作者： Gen Hamanaka Ken Arai Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA

Roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)have long been recognized for their critical role as precursors to oligodendrocytes,the primary myelin-producing *** precursors,OPCs mature and differentiate into oligodendrocytes,which contribute significantly to the formation of myelin sheaths around *** myelination,which is critical for the conduction of salutatory nerve impulses in the cerebral white matter,underscores the classical role of oligodendrocytes in central nervous system(CNS)***,because oligodendrocytes are differentiated cells that cannot proliferate.

关键词： critical system conduction

Eosinophils in asthma

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Chinese Medical Journal 2004年第5期117卷 792-794页

作者：施焕中 Department of Pulmonary and critical care Medicine

The contribution of eosinophils to host-defense and inflammatory responses has undergone periodic reevalu-ations. Thirty years ago, eosinophil was considered as a principal effector cell in host-defense against parasites. Furthermore, the actions of eosinophil enzymes, like histaminase, were thought to suppress mast cell-released allergic mediators. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways that is characterized by a prominent eosinophilic inflammatory infiltration into the bronchial mucosa. Activated eosinophils secrete granular basic proteins that damage the bronchial epithelium and membrane-derived lipid mediators, which contract smooth muscle, increase mucous secretion, and cause vasodilation. The correlation between eosinophil numbers and disease severity supports the hypothesis that the eosinophil is the central effector cell in ongoing airway inflammation in asthma. However, it would be unwise to totally overestimate eosinophil\' s potential in the development of asthma unless we have effective and selective methods of depleting the cells from the tissues.

关键词： IL SCH Eosinophils in asthma

Novel flangeless video laryngoscope for limited mouth opening

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World Journal of critical care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 118-121页

作者： Mohd Mustahsin Harshita Singh Division of critical care Medicine Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical CareEra UniversityLucknow 226003Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Anaesthesiology Era UniversityLucknow 226003Uttar PradeshIndia

Airway management plays a crucial role in providing adequate oxygenation and ventilation to patients during various medical procedures and *** patients have a limited mouth opening due to factors such as trauma,inflammation,or anatomical abnormalities airway management becomes challenging.A commonly utilized method to overcome this challenge is the use of video laryngoscopy(VL),which employs a specialized device equipped with a camera and a light source to allow a clear view of the larynx and vocal *** overcomes the limitations of direct laryngoscopy in patients with limited mouth opening,enabling better visualization and successful *** types of VL blades are *** devised a novel flangeless video laryngoscope for use in patients with a limited mouth opening and then tested it on a manikin.

关键词： Video laryngoscope Difficult intubation Intubation Airway management Laryngoscopy

High-dose dexamethasone regulates microglial polarization via the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2611-2623页

作者： Mengshi Yang Miao Bai Yuan Zhuang Shenghua Lu Qianqian Ge Hao Li Yu Deng Hongbin Wu Xiaojian Xu Fei Niu Xinlong Dong Bin Zhang Baiyun Liu Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurotrauma and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of critical care Medicine Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Center for Nerve Injury and Repair Beijing Institute of Brain DisordersChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina

Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently *** potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet *** the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of *** vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial ***,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were ***-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of *** Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our ***-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain *** dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in *** receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain ***,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is th

关键词： apoptosis BV2 microglia dexamethasone glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoids innate immune system microglial polarization neuroinflammation primary microglia traumatic brain injury

Procalcitionin as a diagnostic marker to distinguish upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第24期23卷 4422-4427页

作者： Yang Gao Kai-Jiang Yu Kai Kang Hai-Tao Liu Xing Zhang Rui Huang Jing-Dong Qu Si-Cong Wang Rui-Jin Liu Yan-Song Liu Hong-Liang Wang Department of critical care Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Department of critical care Medicine the Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University Institute of critical care Medicine in Sino Russian Medical Research Center of Harbin Medical University Department of critical care Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

AIM To assess the accuracy of serum procalcitionin(PCT)as a diagnostic marker in verifying upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation(GIP).METHODS This retrospective study included 46 patients from the surgical intensive care unit(ICU)of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University who were confirmed to have GIP between June 2013 and December *** and clinical patient data were recorded on admission to *** were divided into upper(n=19)and lower(n=27)GIP groups according to the perforation site(above or below Treitz ligament).PCT and WBC count was obtained before laparotomy and then compared between ***,the diagnostic accuracy of PCT was *** Patients with lower GIP exhibited significantly higher APACHE II score,SOFA score and serum PCT level than patients with upper GIP(P=0.017,0.004,and0.001,respectively).There was a significant positive correlation between serum PCT level and APACHE II score or SOFA score(r=0.715 and r=0.611,respectively),while there was a significant negative correlation between serum PCT level and prognosis(r=-0.414).WBC count was not significantly different between the two groups,and WBC count showed no significant correlation with serum PCT level,APACHE II score,SOFA score or *** area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PCT level to distinguish upper or lower GIP was *** with a serum PCT level above 17.94 ng/d L had a high likelihood of lower GIP,with a sensitivity of 100%and a specificity of 42.1%.CONCLUSION Serum PCT level is a reliable and accurate diagnostic marker in identifying upper or lower GIP before laparotomy.

关键词： Procalcitionin White blood cell count Gastrointestinal perforation Sepsis APACHE II score SOFA score

Intracranial pressure monitoring:Gold standard and recent innovations

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第13期7卷 1535-1553页

作者： Deb Sanjay Nag Seelora Sahu Amlan Swain Shashi Kant Department of Anaesthesiology and critical care Tata Main Hospital

Intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) is based on the doctrine proposed by Monroe and Kellie centuries ago. With the advancement of technology and science, various invasive and non-invasive modalities of monitoring ICP continue to be developed. An ideal monitor to track ICP should be easy to use, accurate, reliable, reproducible, inexpensive and should not be associated with infection or haemorrhagic complications. Although the transducers connected to the extra ventricular drainage continue to be Gold Standard, its association with the likelihood of infection and haemorrhage have led to the search for alternate noninvasive methods of monitoring ICP. While Camino transducers, Strain gauge micro transducer based ICP monitoring devices and the Spiegelberg ICP monitor are the emerging technology in invasive ICP monitoring, optic nerve sheath diameter measurement, venous opthalmodynamometry, tympanic membrane displacement, tissue resonance analysis, tonometry, acoustoelasticity, distortionproduct oto-acoustic emissions, trans cranial doppler, electro encephalogram, near infra-red spectroscopy, pupillometry, anterior fontanelle pressure monitoring, skull elasticity, jugular bulb monitoring, visual evoked response and radiological based assessment of ICP are the non-invasive methods which are assessed against the gold standard.

关键词： Intracranial pressure increase Craniocerebral trauma Subarachnoid hemorrhages

Hepatoprotective actions of melatonin:Possible mediation by melatonin receptors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6087-6097页

作者： Alexander M Mathes Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain MedicineSaarland University Hospital

Melatonin,the hormone of darkness and messenger of the photoperiod,is also well known to exhibit strong direct and indirect antioxidant properties. Melatonin has previously been demonstrated to be a powerful organ protective substance in numerous models of injury; these beneficial effects have been attributed to the hormone's intense radical scavenging capacity. The present report reviews the hepatoprotective potential of the pineal hormone in various models of oxidative stress in vivo,and summarizes the extensive literature showing that melatonin may be a suitable experimental substance to reduce liver damage after sepsis,hemorrhagic shock,ischemia/reperfusion,and in numerous models of toxic liver injury. Melatonin's influence on hepatic antioxidant enzymes and other potentially relevant pathways,such as nitric oxide signaling,hepatic cytokine and heat shock protein expression,are evaluated. Based on recent literature demonstrating the functional relevance of melatonin receptor activation for hepatic organ protection,this article finally suggests that melatonin receptors could mediate the hepatoprotective actions of melatonin therapy.

关键词： Antioxidant enzymes Hemorrhagic shock Hepatoprotection Ischemia Liver Liver function Melatonin Melatonin receptor Ramelteon Reperfusion Sepsis Toxic liver injury