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Imaging assessment of profound sensorineural deafness with inner ear anatomical abnormalities

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Journal of Otology 2015年第1期10卷 29-38页

作者： Wei-Jing Wu Xiang-Bo He Li-Hua Tan Peng Hu An-Quan Peng Zi-An Xiao Shu Yang Tian Wang Jie Qing Xin Chen Jing-Kun Li Tao Peng Yun-Peng Dong Xue-Zhong Liu Ding-Hua Xie Department of otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Institute of Otology Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Department of Radiology Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University departments of otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine departments of otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Leonard M.Miller School of Medicine University of Miami

Objective: : To explore the value of a combined computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in evaluating profound sensorineural deafness patients before cochlear implant(CI) surgery.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1012 cases of profound sensorineural deafness that received CI was performed.Results: A total of 96 cases were diagnosed with inner ear abnormalities including large vestibular aqueduct syndrome(LVAS, n ? 61), Michel deformity(n ? 3), cochlear incomplete partition I(n ? 2), cochlear incomplete partition II(n ? 6), cochlear hypoplasia with vestibular malformation(n ? 3), cochlear ossification(n ? 3), bilateral internal auditory canal obstruction(n ? 5) and internal auditory canal stenosis(n ? 2).Conclusion: High resolution CT(HRCT) can display bony structures while MRI can image the membranous labyrinth in preoperative evaluation for cochlear implantation. The combination of these two modalities provides reliable anatomical information regarding the bony and membranous labyrinths, as well as the auditory nerve.

关键词： Cochlea Hearing loss Multimodal imaging

lncRNA cytoskeleton regulator RNA(CYTOR):Diverse functions in metabolism,inflammation and tumorigenesis,and potential applications in precision oncology

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第2期10卷 415-429页

作者： Chunlin Ou Xiaoyun He Yong Liu Xin Zhang Department of otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan 410008China Department of Pathology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan 410008China departments of Ultrasound Imaging Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan 410008China otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunan 410008China Clinical Research Center for Pharyngolaryngeal Diseases and Voice Disorders in Hunan Province ChangshaHunan 410008China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital) ChangshaHunan 410008China

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are a novel class of non-coding RNA(ncRNA),that have been studied extensively in the field of tumor research in recent years.In the case of tumor-associated lncRNAs,lncRNA cytoskeleton regulator RNA(CYTOR)displays extensive functions in tumorigenesis,including invasion,metastasis,malignant proliferation,glycolysis,and inflammatory response.Moreover,the dysregulation of CYTOR is closely related to clinicopathological characteristics,such as tumor stage,lymph node metastasis and infiltration,and poor prognosis of tumor patients.In this review,we provide a novel strategy to summarize the biological functions and clinical value of CYTOR in tumors through an overview of the literature combined with gene set enrichment analysis.A deeper understanding of the role of CYTOR in tumorigenesis may provide new diagnostic,prognostic and therapeutic markers for human tumors.

关键词： CYTOR GSEA Inflammation LncRNAs Therapy Tumorigenesis

Results of pediatric endoscopic and endoscopically assisted tympanoplasty

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第3期3卷 136-141页

作者： Glenn Isaacson Jonathan A.Harounian departments of otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Rydal Pennsylvania USA departments of Pediatrics Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Rydal PennsylvaniaUSA

Objectives:To evaluate the success of pediatric endoscopic and endoscopically assisted transcanal cartilage inlay tympanoplasty.Methods:Retrospective review of single surgeon experience.Results:During a 3 year period,30 children underwent 31 endoscopic or endoscopically assisted transcanal tympanoplasties by the senior surgeon using tragal cartilage/perichondrial inlay grafts.There were 22 boys and 8 girls,ranging in age from 3.5 to 17 years (median 6 years).All tragal cartilage grafts (31/31;100％) survived.Twenty-seven surgeries (27/31;82％) resulted in an intact drum (17/31;55％) or a microperforation (10/31;32％).In four cases (4/31;13％) significant perforations formed in previously unaffected portions of the drum.Conclusion:Transcanal endoscopic cartilage inlay tympanoplasty offers a practical,minimally invasive approach to tympanoplasty for children of any age.It avoids postauricular or endaural incisions,tympanomeatal flap elevation,and canalplasty.Graft survival is uniform.Microperforation at the graft margins remained in 1/3 of children.Technical modifications may lead to higher rates of tympanic closure.

关键词： Cartilage graft Endoscopic ear surgery Minimally invasive surgery Otoendoscopy Pediatric tympanoplasty

Expiratory Upper Airway Obstruction Caused by the Soft Palate during Bag-Mask Ventilation

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2012年第2期2卷 38-43页

作者： Charles W. Buffington Cynthia M. Q. Wells Ryan J. Soose departments of Anesthesiology and otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh USA departments of Anesthesiology and otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh USA.

Introduction: Expiratory upper airway obstruction during bag-mask ventilation is not well characterized. Methods: An audit was done to assess expiratory obstruction in 90 adult surgical patients undergoing bag-mask ventilation during the induction of general anaesthesia. Results: Clinicians experienced difficulty delivering gas to the lungs when the head was neutral in 52 of 90 patients (58%;inspiratory obstruction) but this problem was corrected by head tilt and chin lift in all but 2 patients. Clinicians experienced difficulty recovering gas from the lungs when the mouth was held closed under the mask in 30 of the remaining 88 patients (34%;expiratory obstruction). This problem persisted despite head tilt and chin lift in all but one patient but was uniformly corrected by opening the mouth. Inspection of the soft palate revealed that it was lying on the posterior pharyngeal wall in 27 of 30 patients with expiratory obstruction and that the retropalatal space was patent in 55 of 58 patients without expiratory obstruction (χ2, P < 0.001). The clinical predictors of expiratory upper airway obstruction included advanced age, large tongue, and large uvula. Conclusion: Expiratory airway obstruction should be suspected in all cases of difficult mask ventilation that cannot be corrected by head tilt and chin lift. Simply allowing the mouth to open between positive pressure breaths will permit gas to exit the lungs.

关键词： Expiration Soft Palate Mask Ventilation

Passive eye movements induced by electromagnetic force(EMF) in rats

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Zoological Research 2019年第3期40卷 211-218页

作者： Yue Yu Jun Huang Chun-Ming Zhang Tian-Wen Chen David S.Sandlin Shao-Xun Wang Alberto A.Arteaga Jerome Allison Yang Ou Susan Warren Paul May Hong Zhu Wu Zhou departments of otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39216USA Department of otolaryngology First Affiliated HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan Shanxi 030001China MD/PhD Program University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39216USA Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39216.USA Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39216USA Neurology University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39216USA

Accurate information on eye position in the orbit is available from visual feedback,efference copy of the oculomotor commands and proprioceptive signals from the extraocular muscles (EOM).Whereas visual feedback and oculomotor commands have been extensively studied,central processing of EOM proprioceptive signals remains to be elucidated.A challenge to the field is to develop an approach to induce passive eye movements without physically contacting the eyes.A novel method was developed to generate passive eye movements in rats.A small rare-earth magnet disk (0.7 mm diameter,0.5 mm thickness) was attached to the surface of a rat's eyeball.A metal rod (5 mm diameter) wrapped with an electromagnetic (EM) coil was placed near the magnet (8-15 mm).By passing currents to the EM coil,electromagnetic force (EMF) was generated and acted upon the magnet and induced passive eye movements.The EMF induced well-defined passive eye movements,whose directions were dependent on current polarity and amplitudes and peak velocities were dependent on current intensity and duration.Peak velocities of the EMF-induced eye movements were linearly related to amplitudes,exhibiting main sequence relationships similar to that of saccades in awake rats and eye movements induced by electrical microstimulation of the abducens nucleus in anesthetized rats.Histological examination showed that repetitive EMF stimulations did not appear to result in damages in the EOM fibers.These results validated the EMF approach as a novel tool to investigate EOM proprioceptive signals and their roles in visual localization and gaze control.

关键词： Eye movement Proprioception Extraocular muscles Stretch reflex

Detection of apoptosis by RT-PCR array in mefloquine-induced cochlear damage

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Journal of Otology 2011年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： DING Da-lian Someya Shinichi JIANG Hai-yan QI Wei-dong YU Dong-zhen Center for Hearing and Deafness State University of New York at Buffalo departments of Aging and Geriatric Research Division of Biology of Aging University of Florida Department of otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Huashan Hospital Affiliated Fudan University Department of otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Six People＇s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences University of Tokyo Department of otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Objective To investigate the occurrence and possible mechanisms of apoptosis in cochlear epithelium and spiral ganglion neurons after mefloquine treatment. Methods We used quantitative RT-PCR apoptosis-focused gene arrays （96-well, 84 apoptosis related genes） to assess changes of gene expression in the cochlear basilar membrane （hair cells-supporting cells） and spiral ganglion neurons of rat cochlear organotypic cultures treated with 100 IxM mefloquine for 3 h. Results Significant up-or down-regulation in gene expression was detected in 23 genes in the cochlear basilar membrane, and in 32 genes in the spiral ganglion neurons compared with time-matched controls. The responding genes could be classified as pro-or anti-apoptotic, and were mainly implicated in the Bcl-2, Caspase, Card, IAP, TNF ligand / TNF receptor, Death domain / Death effector domain, DNA damage / p53, and NF-kappa B families. Synthetic analysis suggested that these families could be revised to two major pathways mainly involved in t]he death receptor-mediated signaling pathway and apoptotic mitochondrial pathway. In addition, it was found that numerous anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl2al, Birclb, Birc3, Birc4, Bnipl, Cflar, II10, Lhx4, Mcll, Nfkbl, Prlr, Prok2, and TNF were greatly up-regulated in the cochlear tissue, which might imply the co-existence of protective response in the ceils at the early stage of mefloquine-induced damage.

关键词： mefloquine ototoxicity apoptosis cochlea spiral ganglion neurons hair cells gene expression

Protective and antifungal properties of Nanodisk-Amphotericin B over commercially available Amphotericin B

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第1期3卷 -页

作者： Do-Yeon Cho Kyle J.Hoffman Gobind S.Gill Dong-Jin Lim Daniel Skinner Calvin Mackey Steven M.Rowe Bradford A.Woodworth Department of otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSAGregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSADepartments of MedicinePediatricsCell Developmental and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA

UNASSIGNED:Amphotericin B (AMB), a potent antifungal agent, has been employed as topical and systemic therapy for sinonasal fungal infections. A novel formulation of nanodisc (ND) containing super aggregated AMB (ND-AMB) for the treatment of fungal infections has been recently developed to provide greater protection from AMB toxicity than current, clinically approved lipid-based formulations. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the safety and potency of ND-AMB for sinonasal delivery using an model.;UNASSIGNED:Human sinonasal tissue was harvested during endoscopic sinus surgery and grown at air-liquid interface until well-differentiated. Cultures were exposed to ND-AMB vs AMB and changes in K permeability and resistance were measured and recorded via Ussing chamber assay. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was analyzed in parallel as well as cytotoxic assay. Potency was assessed using real-time PCR measurement of the 18S rRNA.;UNASSIGNED:Ussing chamber studies revealed K currents that increased rapidly within 30 s of adding AMB (10 μg/mL) to the apical side, indicating apical membranes had become permeable to K ions. In contrast, negligible induction of K current was obtained following addition of ND-AMB [AMB = (107.7 ± 15.9) μA/cm AMB vs ND-AMB = (2.3 ± 0.7) μA/cm ND-AMB; = 0.005]. ND-AMB also protected nasal epithelial cells from cytotoxicity of AMB ( < 0.05). There was no difference in ciliary beat frequency between the two groups ( = 0.96). The expression of 18S rRNA with exposure of lower dose of ND-AMB was significantly lower compared to that with AMB ( < 0.05).;UNASSIGNED:Data from the present study suggests ND-AMB protects human nasal epithelia membranes from AMB toxicity by protecting against apical cell K permeability while maintaining uncompromised antifungal property compared to AMB. ND-AMB could provide a novel topical therapy for sinonasal fungal diseases.

关键词： Amphotericin Chronic rhinosinusitis Ciliary beat frequency Drug delivery Mucociliary clearance Sinus epithelium Sinusitis Transepithelial ion transport

A glimpse into the psychological status of E.N.T inpatients in China: A cross-sectional survey of three hospitals in different regions

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2019年第2期5卷 95-104页

作者： Jun Tian Li Li Chun-Lei Tao Rong-Ying Hao Fu-Hui Huang Xiao-Hui Ge San-Mei Zhang Department of otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The First HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Department of otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Hospital of Renmin University of ChinaBeijingChina Department of otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Heze Medical CollegeShandong ProvinceChina Department of otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Chaoyang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Medical Oncology Shanxi Dayi HospitalShanxi Academy of Medical ScienceTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina

Objective:To determine whether E.N.T inpatients have a higher prevalence of mental illness than the general population and whether certain diseases are more likely to be associated with mental illness than other diseases.Methods:This cross-sectional survey was conducted in the E.N.T departments of three hospitals in different cities in China.The psychological status of all consecutive adult inpatients was assessed within 1-2 days following hospital admission using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL90),Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).Inpatients from the general surgery and pneumology departments at the same hospital were enrolled and surveyed as control groups.Results:The 439 patients enrolled in the final analysis accounted for 88.0% of all E.N.T inpatients during the study period.Of these patients,16.4% were in an anxious state and 79.5%were in a depressive state.The overall anxiety (41.7 ± 9.7) and depression (55.9± 29.2) scores were much higher than Chinese norm (29.8 ± 10.0 and 33.5 ± 8.6,respectively),and significant differences were observed (t =20.89,P < 0.01 and t =13.12,P < 0.01,respectively).Although 18.7% of the E.N.T patients were psychiatric distress,these patients scored lower on the SCL-90 than the Chinese norm.Furthermore,the patients in the E.N.T department had a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression than those in the general surgery department but a similar prevalence to those in the respiratory department.Conclusion:Psychological distress,particularly anxiety and depression,are widespread in patients with otolaryngological diseases.Therefore,the identification and treatment of cooccurring psychiatric disorders in this high risk and clinically challenging group of patients are urgent in China.

关键词： Otorhinolaryngology SCL-90 Anxiety Depression VAS

Preliminary results of pre-radiation neck dissection in head ＆ neck cancer patients undergoing organ preservation treatment

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Preliminary results of pre-radiation neck dissection in head...