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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 726-734页

作者： Akihiro Shiina Tomihisa Niitsu Masaomi Iyo Chiyo Fujii Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental HealthChiba-shi 2608670Japan Department of Psychiatry Chiba University Graduate School of MedicineChiba-shi 2608670Japan Department of community Mental health&Law National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodaira-shi 1878553Japan

BACKGROUND The management of offenders with mental disorders has been a significant concern in forensic *** Japan,the introduction of the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in 2005 addressed the ***,numerous psychiatric patients at risk of violence still find themselves subject to the administrative involuntary hospitalization(AIH)scheme,which lacks clarity and updated *** To explore current as well as optimized learning strategies for risk assessment in AIH decision *** We conducted a questionnaire survey among designated psychiatrists to explore their experiences and expectations regarding training methods for psychiatric assessments of offenders with mental *** The findings of this study’s survey suggest a prevalent reliance on traditional learning approaches such as oral education and on-the-job *** This underscores the pressing need for structured training protocols in AIH ***,feedback derived from inpatient treatment experiences is identified as a crucial element for enhancing risk assessment skills.

关键词： forensic psychiatry Administrative involuntary hospitalization Psychiatric assessment Risk assessment Mental disorders Training protocols Clinical practice Structured learning Feedback mechanisms Program development

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Etiopathogenesis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum:A Literature Review

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Maternal-Fetal medicine 2024年第2期6卷 97-101页

作者： Putri Mirani Peby Maulina Lestari Krisna Murti Iche Andriyani Liberty Hana Andrina Cindy Kesty Bella Stevanny Division of Maternal-Fetal medicine Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDr.Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya UniversityPalembangSouth SumateraIndonesia Division of Hematolymphoid and Endocrinology Department of Pathological AnatomyDr.Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya UniversityPalembangIndonesia Department of Public health and community medicine Faculty of MedicineSriwijaya UniversityPalembangIndonesia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Dr.Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Sriwijaya UniversityPalembangSouth SumateraIndonesia.

The recent increase in placenta accreta spectrum has been correlated with a rise in the rate of cesarean sections.A recent study provides evidence that hampered wound healing results in cesarean scar defects that lead to a failure in the normal process of decidualization and deeper adherence of *** metalloproteinase(MMP)is crucial in every step of wound healing as it alters the wound matrix,facilitating cell migration,as well as tissue ***-9 expression is higher in placental and decidual tissue in cases of placenta *** on these findings,assessment of MMP-9 expression can shed new light on the etiopathology of placenta accreta spectrum disorder and can be a potential diagnostic marker.

关键词： Biomarker Etiopathogenesis Matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 Placenta accreta spectrum disorder

Potentiation of the lateral habenula-ventral tegmental area pathway underlines the susceptibility to depression in mice with chronic pain

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 67-82页

作者： Chun-Kui Zhang Pan Wang Yuan-Yuan Ji Jian-Shuai Zhao Jun-Xiang Gu Xian-Xia Yan Hong-Wei Fan Ming-Ming Zhang Yu Qiao Xiao-Die Liu Bao-Juan Li Ming-Hui Wang Hai-Long Dong Hao-Hong Li Peng-Cheng Huang Yun-Qing Li Wu-Gang Hou Jin-Lian Li Tao Chen Department of anatomy and K.K.Leung Brain Research Centre Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Beijing 100850China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Public health for forensic Science Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061China Department of Anesthesiology Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China Department of Neurosurgery the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710004China School of Biomedical Engineering Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032China Affiliated Mental health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310013China The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain&Brain-machine Integration Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain MedicineHangzhou 310058China Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006China Department of anatomy School of MedicineNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China

Chronic pain often develops severe mood changes such as ***,how chronic pain leads to depression remains elusive and the mechanisms determining individuals’responses to depression are largely *** we found that depression-like behaviors could only be observed in 67.9%of mice with chronic neuropathic pain,leaving 32.1%of mice with depression *** determined that the spike discharges of the ventral tegmental area(VTA)-projecting lateral habenula(LHb)glutamatergic(Glu)neurons were sequentially increased in sham,resilient and susceptible mice,which consequently inhibited VTA dopaminergic(DA)neurons through a LHbGlu-VTAGABA-VTADA ***,the LHbGlu-VTADA excitatory inputs were dampened via GABAB receptors in a pre-synaptic *** of LHb-VTA pathway largely affected the development of depressive symptoms caused by chronic *** study thus identifies a pivotal role of the LHb-VTA pathway in coupling chronic pain with depression and highlights the activity-dependent contribution of LHbGlu-to-VTADA inhibition in depressive behavioral regulation.

关键词： chronic pain depression lateral habenula ventral tegmental area dopamine susceptibility

Biological,pathological,and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

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Oncology Research 2024年第1期32卷 73-94页

作者： VIGNESH BALAJI E DIVYA RAMESH MANISHA CHUNGAN SHAJU AKSHARA KUMAR SAMYAK PANDEY RAKSHA NAYAK V.ALKA SRISHTI MUNJAL AMIR SALIMI K.SREEDHARA RANGANATH PAI SHANKAR M.BAKKANNAVAR Department of Pharmacology Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of forensic medicine and Toxicology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India School of health and community Services Durham CollegeOshawaOntarioL1G2G5Canada Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Management Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Clinical Psychology Manipal College of Health ProfessionsManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Speech and Hearing Manipal College of Health ProfessionsManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India Department of Pharmacy Practice Manipal College of Pharmaceutical SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka576104India

Exosomes,small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human *** is considered a“double-edged sword”,and depending on its biological source,the action of exosomes varies under physiological ***,the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome ***,the uptake of exosomes from the recipients’cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological *** are different mechanisms present in the exosomes’cellular uptake to deliver their cargo to acceptor *** the exosomal uptake takes place,it releases the intracellular particles that leads to activate the physiological *** though exosomes have lavish functions,there are some challenges associated with every step of their preparation to bring potential therapeutic ***,overcoming the pitfalls would give a desired quantity of exosomes with high purity.

关键词： Exosomes Physiology Cancer Therapeutics Challenges

Morphometry and Significance of Collodiaphyseal Angle among Bini Tribe in Southern Nigeria

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Journal of forensic Science and medicine 2024年第1期10卷 20-23页

作者： Dayo Rotimi Omotoso Uche Christiana Okwuonu Emmanuel Olusola Yawson Paul Olugbemiga Awoniran Department of Human anatomy Redeemer’s UniversityEdeOsun StateNigeria Department of anatomy Igbinedion UniversityOkadaEdo StateNigeria

Introduction:The collodiaphyseal angle(CDA)is an angle formed between the femoral neck and femoral shaft *** is a vital determinant of femoral neck fracture as narrower angle is often used as a predictor of stress *** is also important in orthopedic treatment planning,especially hip replacement ***:This study was carried out to evaluate the CDA values among the Bini tribe and elucidate its ***:This study employed 200 anterior-posterior pelvic radiographs of the Bini tribe(100 males and 100 females)aged between 25 and 55 years obtained from selected radiological diagnostic centers in Benin City,Nigeria,after obtaining the Institutional Ethical *** were used to evaluate the right and left CDA as an angle formed by intersection of the femoral neck and shaft axes and measured using the *** were statistically analyzed using IBM-SPSS(version 20)with the mean,standard deviation,and range evaluated,and side and gender comparisons were done using t-test,and P135.56°±5.75°and 131.67°±6.15°in males and females,*** angle showed significant gender differences bilaterally(P0.05).Conclusion:The CDA can be employed as a morphometric indicator of sexual differences and for other clinical applications.

关键词： Bini tribe collodiaphyseal angle human morphometry Nigeria

β-Islet cell regeneration potential of Mirabilis jalapa in hyperglycemic rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2022年第8期12卷 351-356页

作者： Masud Eneji Sadiq Chibuzo Egwuenu Rabiu Saidu Umar Wasagu Usman Zayyanu Umar Bello Usman Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokotoNigeria Department of Physiology Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokotoNigeria Department of morbid anatomy and forensic medicine Usmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokotoNigeria

Objective:To investigate the role of Mirabilis jalapa root extracts in restoration of glucose homeostasis in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar albino ***:Experimental hyperglycemic rats were treated daily with 200 and 400 mg/kg of Mirabilis jalapa extracts after initial fasting for 6 ***-hour postprandial glucose and changes in body weight were monitored during *** 14 d,the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for biochemical assessment of serum glucose and insulin levels,lipid profile,and oxidative stress *** examinations of harvested pancreas were also carried ***:Mirabilis jalapa root extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg increased the body weight of hyperglycemic *** glucose levels of the extract-treated hyperglycemic groups progressively declined during treatment compared with the untreated hyperglycemic control group(P<0.05).The lipid profile indices of the untreated negative control group were significantly elevated(P<0.05),which were reversed by treatment with Mirabilis jalapa *** remarkable increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels were observed in the hyperglycemic group treated with Mirabilis jalapa *** jalapa extracts also significantly increased serum insulin levels(P<0.05).In addition,histopathological examinations of the pancreas revealed a significant cell population within the islet nests of the extract-treated hyperglycemic ***:Mirabilis jalapa extract can restore glucose homeostasis and show hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in hyperglycemic *** studies are needed to verify the active components of the plant and the underlying mechanism of action in the future.

关键词： Mirabilis jalapa Glucose toxicity Diabetes mellitus Hyperglycemia β-Islet cell Antioxidant Rat

Knowledge,Attitude,and Perception of Postmortem Examination Among Doctors and Nurses in a Tertiary Hospital of Sokoto,Nigeria

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Journal of forensic Science and medicine 2016年第2期2卷 78-84页

作者： Kaoje AU Mohammed U Abdulkarim A Raji MO Ango UM Magaji BA departments of community health and 1morbid anatomy and forensic medicine Usmanu Danfodiyo University Department of Surgery Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Department of Medical Services and Public health Ministry of HealthSokotoNigeria Department of Social and Preventive medicine University of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia

Postmortem examination is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be *** study aimed to assess the knowledge,attitude,and perception of postmortem examination among doctors and nurses in a tertiary health care of Sokoto state.A cross‑sectional study design was used,and a total of 149 doctors and nurses participated in the *** were recruited into the study using probability proportionate to size followed by a simple random sampling *** were obtained through self‑administered questionnaires,and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version *** statistics,Chi‑square test,and multinomial logistic regression analysis were carried *** mean age of respondents was 31.6(5.6)*** were more nurses than doctors(60.4%vs.39.6%)in the *** than three‑quarter(80%)of the respondents had fair to good knowledge of postmortem *** many respondents expressed positive attitudes and perceptions,less than half were willing to accept organs from deceased ***’profession influenced both the knowledge(P>0.001,odds ratio[OR]=13.95)and attitude(P<0.04,OR=2.49)to postmortem *** greater than three‑quarter of respondents had fair to good knowledge and many expressed positive attitudes and perceptions with respect to postmortem examination,there is need to create more awareness on medical benefit of postmortem examination.

关键词： Attitude health personnel knowledge perception postmortem Sokoto

Road Traffic Accident Fatalities and its Association with Key SocioDemographic Determinants in Nashik,Maharashtra:A Recurring Challenge

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Journal of forensic Science and medicine 2022年第2期8卷 52-56页

作者： Tej Bahadur Chhetri Syed Meraj Ahmed departments of forensic medicine community medicine Dr.Vasantrao Pawar Medical CollegeHospital and Research CentreNashikMaharashtraIndia

Background:Road traffic accidents are not a new phenomenon,rather ifs a disturbing occurrence which shows no sign of abating very ***,it remains one of those public health issues which even the most educated and civilized populations tend to ignore,primarily for the thrill of *** study aims to identify the outcome associated with vehicular accidents and its association with socio-demographic ***:This is a retrospective,record-based study of victims of road traffic accidents admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Nashik,*** data would include records from the 2018 to *** variables will include the socio-demographic factors,site of injuries and its severity.A descriptive analysis would be done by SPSS software to find out the prevalence of vehicular accidents,association of site of injury with age and severity of the *** approval would be taken before the initiation of the ***:A total of486 victims ofRTAs were included from the medical records of the casualty of a tertiary care hospital,out of which 330 were from the year 2018 and 156 from 2019.A look at the sociodemographic profiles of the RTA victims showed that females comprised only 19.3%(2018)and 18.6%(2019)of the total victims in road traffic accidents,while majority,80.6%(2018)and 81.4%(2019)were males during the same ***,we can also observe that both in 2018(38.5%)and 2019(50.6%)most of the road traffic accidents among the victims were of moderate ***:The need of the hour is to bring about a change from within through self-reflection of lawmakers,strict implementation of traffic rules and guidelines with hefty fines,lockup,and criminal punishment to habitual wrongdoers.

关键词： Age facial trauma gender head trauma multiple injuries road traffic accident

Increased alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic:A cross-sectional study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第18期12卷 3410-3416页

作者： Rajni Rathore Shahid Bakhsh Rangrej Victoria Carvalho Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Saint James School of MedicineArnos Vale VC0280Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Department of anatomy and Research Saint James School of MedicineArnos Vale VC0280Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Medical School Basic Sciences Saint James School of MedicineArnos Vale VC0280Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has significantly impacted health,mental well-being,and societal functioning,particularly for individuals with psychiatric conditions and substance use *** evidence highlights a concerning increase in alcohol consumption during the pandemic,with a study spanning 2015-2020 indicating heightened usage,especially among young and middle-aged adults,for relaxation and tension ***,addressing challenges exacerbated by the pandemic,another study underscored persistent barriers to healthcare access,resulting in increased alcohol and tobacco use rates and limited healthcare *** findings shed light on the unique vulnerabilities exposed by the pandemic,emphasizing the need to investigate further its impact on alcohol consumption in diverse non-urban American *** To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol abuse using socioeconomic and medical parameters in diverse non-urban community in *** Based on a cross-sectional analysis of 416 participants the United States in 2021,the study utilized The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition criteria to categorize alcohol consumption *** aged 21 years and above were surveyed through an online platform due to COVID-19 *** survey was conducted from January 14 to January 31,2022,recruiting participants via social media and ensuring *** consent was secured,emphasizing the voluntary nature of participation,and participants could only take the survey *** Out of 416 survey respondents,396 met eligibility criteria,with 62.9%reporting increased alcohol consumption during ***(68.8%)and ages 21-29 years(34.6%)*** alcohol consumption decreased by 2.8%(P=0.237),moderate by 21.4%(P1),and heavy increased by 14.9%(P1).Alcohol abuse rose by 6.5%(P=0.0439),with a 7%increase in self-identified alcohol abuser

关键词： Alcoholism 2019 Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Mental health issue

The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Elder Abuse during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Fayoum Governorate,Egypt

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Journal of forensic Science and medicine 2023年第3期9卷 257-263页

作者： Marwa Ali Mwaheb Asmaa Younis Elsary Amal Raouf Saleh Department of forensic medicine and Clinical Toxicology Faculty of MedicineFayoum UniversityFaiyumEgypt Department of Public health and community medicine Faculty of MedicineFayoum UniversityFaiyumEgypt

Background: Elder abuse has evolved into a global public health and human rights issue. COVID-19 had a significant impact on Egypt’s economic development and style of life. Aim: This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of elder abuse in the Fayoum Governorate of Egypt during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the prevalence of different elder abuse subtypes and study the effect of different demographic characteristics on these abuse subtypes. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive survey among 201 older adults aged 60 and above in the Fayoum Governorate. The structured questionnaire used in the study had three sections: demographic characteristics, the Hwalek- Sengstock elder abuse screening test, and the Questions to Elicit Elder Abuse screening tool. Results: This research documented that the prevalence of elder abuse was (72.6%) and the most prevalent types were emotional and neglect abuse (71.1% and 64.7%, respectively). In our study, 22.9% of older adults were exposed to a single type of abuse, 29.9% to two types, 26.9% to three types, and 10.4% to four types. Female is significantly higher than male abuse exposure (66.7% vs. 33.3%). 52.4% versus 7.1% were more likely to be abused than elderly persons who earn enough income. Conclusion: According to this study, emotional and neglect abuse were the most common types of elder abuse. Risk factors for elder abuse included being between the ages of 60 and 70 years, being a woman, residing in a rural location, being illiterate, jobless, married, earning little money, and belonging to a middle-class socioeconomic group. For the general public to better comprehend the consequences of elder abuse on their health and human rights, awareness and education must be increased.

关键词： Abuse Egypt elderly mistreatment old age