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Immune defense of wild-caught Norway rats is characterized by increased levels of basal activity but reduced capability to respond to further immune stimulation

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integrative Zoology 2018年第2期13卷 180-193页

作者： Ivana MIRKOV Aleksandra POPOV ALEKSANDROV Vesna SUBOTA Dragan KATARANOVSKI Milena KATARANOVSKI Immunotoxicology Group Department of EcologyInstitute for Biological Research“Sinisa Stankovic”University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Institute for Medical biochemistry Military Medical AcademyBelgradeSerbia Institute of Zoology Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Institute of physiology and biochemistry Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia

Studies of wild animals’immunity often use comparison with laboratory-raised *** such an approach,various data were obtained concerning wild Norway rat’s *** or higher potential of immune system cells to respond to activation stimuli were shown,because of analysis of disparate parameters and/or small number of analyzed *** differences between laboratory and wild rats were shown too,owing to great response variability in wild *** hypothesized that wild rats will express more intense immune activity compared to their laboratory counterparts which live in a less demanding *** test this,we analyzed the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6),a mediator which has a central role in host immune *** addition,we examined the activity of the central immune organ,the spleen,including cell proliferation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin-17(IL-17),which are major effectors of cellular adaptive immune *** order to obtain reasonable insight into the immunity of wild Norway rats,analysis was conducted on a much larger number of individuals compared to other *** levels of plasma IL-6,higher spleen mass,cellularity and basal IFN-γproduction concomitantly with lower basal production of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10(IL-10)revealed more intense immune activity in the wild compared to laboratory ***,lower responsiveness of their spleen cells’proinflammatory cytokine production to concanavalin A(ConA)stimulation,along with preserved capacity of IL-10 response,might be perceived as an indication of wild rats’reduced capability to cope with incoming environmental stimuli,but also as a means to limit tissue damage.

关键词： circulating interleukin-6 levels spleen cell cytokine production spleen cell proliferation

A Large Animal Survival Model to Evaluate Bariatric Surgery Mechanisms

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Surgical Science 2015年第8期6卷 337-345页

作者： Vlad V. Simianu Jonathan G. Sham Andrew S. Wright Skye D. Stewart Mouhamad Alloosh Michael Sturek David E. Cummings David R. Flum departments of Surgery University of Washington Seattle USA Department of cellular and integrative physiology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis USA departments of Medicine University of Washington Seattle USA departments of Health Services University of Washington Seattle USA

Background: The impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on type 2 diabetes mellitus is thought to result from upper and/or lower gut hormone alterations. Evidence supporting these mechanisms is incomplete, in part because of limitations in relevant bariatric-surgery animal models, specifically the lack of naturally insulin-resistant large animals. With overfeeding, Ossabaw swine develop a robust metabolic syndrome, and may be suitable for studying post-surgical physiology. Whether bariatric surgery is feasible in these animals with acceptable survival is unknown. Methods: Thirty-two Ossabaws were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet to induce obesity and insulin resistance. These animals were assigned to RYGB (n = 8), RYGB with vagotomy (RYGB-V, n = 5), gastrojejunostomy (GJ, n = 10), GJ with duodenal exclusion (GJD, n = 7), or sham operation (n = 2) and were euthanized 60 days post-operatively. Post-operative changes in weight and food intake are reported. Results: Survival to scheduled necropsy among surgical groups was 77%, living an average of 57 days post-operatively. Cardiac arrest under anesthesia occurred in 4 pigs. Greatest weight loss (18.0% ± 6%) and food intake decrease (57.0% ± 20%) occurred following RYGB while animals undergoing RYGB-V showed only 6.6% ± 3% weight loss despite 50.8% ± 25% food intake decrease. GJ (12.7% ± 4%) and GJD (1.2% ± 1%) pigs gained weight, but less than sham controls (13.4% ± 10%). Conclusions: A survival model of metabolic surgical procedures is feasible, leads to significant weight loss, and provides the opportunity to evaluate new interventions and subtle variations in surgical technique (e.g. vagus nerve sparing) that may provide new mechanistic insights.

关键词： Ossabaw Bariatric Surgery Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Weight Loss Metabolic Syndrome

Chemogenetic activation of G12 signaling enhances adipose tissue browning

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第9期8卷 3923-3926页

作者： Yuki Ono Ryo Ito Kaito Arai Gurdeep Singh Tsuyoshi Saitoh Robert BRussell Francesco Raimondi Junken Aoki Juro Sakai Asuka Inoue molecular and cellular biochemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagi 980-8578Japan Division of molecular physiology and Metabolism Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagi 980-8574Japan Bioquant Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 26769120 HeidelbergGermany Biochemie Zentrum Heidelberg(BZH) Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 32869120 HeidelbergGermany International Institute for integrative Sleep Medicine(WPI-IIIS) University of Tsukuba1-1-1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8575Japan Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences University of Tsukuba1-1-1 TennodaiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8575Japan Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza dei Cavalieri 7Pisa 56126Italy Department of Health Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Division of Metabolic Medicine Research Center for Advanced Science and TechnologyThe University of TokyoMeguro-kuTokyo 153-8904Japan

Dear Editor,Beige adipocytes,which increase energy expenditure by dissipating energy as heat,have gained attention as a therapeutic target for combating obesity.1 Adipocytes express many types of G-protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs),each of which has a unique preference for the Gs,Gi,Gq,and G12 *** the function of Gs-coupledβ-adrenergic receptors in beige adipocyte induction is well established,2 little is known about the function of G12-coupled GPCRs beyond its suppressive roles in white adipocyte maturation.3 In this study,we generated transgenic mice conditionally expressing a G12-coupled designer GPCR using a Cre-loxP system and investigated the potential effects of G12 signaling on adipocyte biology.

关键词： activation gained expressing

Arabidopsis Squalene Epoxidase 3 （SQE3） Complements SQE1 and Is Important for Embryo Development and Bulk Squalene Epoxidase Activity

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molecular Plant 2015年第7期8卷 1090-1102页

作者： Sara Laranjeira Vitor Amorim-Silva Alicia Esteban Monserrat Arro Albert Ferrer Rui Manuel Tavares Miguel Angel Botella Abel Rosado Herlander Azevedo Center for Biodiversity Functional & Integrative Genomics (BioFIG) Plant Functional Biology Center University of Minho Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 BragaPortugal Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC)Departmento de Biologia Molecular y Bioquimica Universidad de Malaga Campus Teatinos 29071 Malaga Spain Department of molecular Genetics Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB) Bellaterra-Cerdanyola del Valles 08193 Spain Department of biochemistry and molecular biology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Barcelona 08028 Barcelona Spain Canada Research Chair in Plant physiology and cellular Dynamics Department of Botany Faculty of Sciences University of British Columbia VancouverBC V6T 1Z4 Canada CIBIO InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Universidade do Porto Campus Agrario de Vairao 4485-661 Vairao Portugal

The existence of multigenic families in the mevalonate pathway suggests divergent functional roles for pathway components involved in the biosynthesis of plant sterols. Squalene epoxidases （SQEs） are key components of this pathway, and Squalene Epoxidase 1 （SQE1） has been identified as a fundamental enzyme in this biosynthetic step. In the present work, we extended the characterization of the remaining SQE family members, phylogenetically resolving between true SQEs and a subfamily of SQE-like proteins that is exclusive to Brassicaceae. Functional characterization of true SQE family members, Squalene Epox- idase 2 （SQE2） and Squalene Epoxidase 3 （SQE3）, indicates that SQE3, but not SQE2, contributes to the bulk SQE activity in Arabidopsis, with sqe3-1 mutants accumulating squalene and displaying sensitivity to ter- binafine. We genetically demonstrated that SQE3 seems to play a particularly significant role in embryo development. Also, SQE1 and SQE3 both localize in the endoplasmic reticulum, and SQE3 can functionally complement SQEI. Thus, SQE1 and SQE3 seem to be two functionally unequal redundant genes in the pro- motion of plant SQE activity in Arabidopsis.

关键词： Arabidopsis embryo development MVA pathway squalene epoxidase sterol biosynthesis

Paraventricular Thalamus as A Major Thalamic Structure for Wake Control

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第5期35卷 946-948页

作者： Yu-Feng Shao Jian-Sheng Lin Yi-Ping Hou departments of Neuroscience Anatomy Histology and Embryology Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China integrative physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems Lyon Neuroscience Research Center Lyon 69373 France

The thalamus is the gate of the cerebral cortex, the ultimate target for the neural networks controlling behavioral states and cognitive functions. According to the reticular theory initially proposed by Moruzzi and Magoun, excitatory inputs from large reticular zones of the brainstem via widespread intra- and extra-thalamocortical systems finally activate the cerebral cortex to cause generalized cortical activation and wakefulness [1]. This theory proposes a central relay role to the thalamus for cortical activation as supported by early studies using neurodegeneration techniques and by the elegant work of Steriade’s group and other investigators illustrating the electrophysiological mechanisms of the thalamocortical system at the cellular level during wakefulness, rapid eye-movement sleep (REMs) and non-REM sleep (NREMs)[2].

关键词： Paraventricular Thalamus Thalamic Structure Wake Control

Arabidopsis Profilin Isoforms,PRF1 and PRF2 Show Distinctive Binding Activities and Subcellular Distributions

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Journal of integrative Plant biology 2009年第2期51卷 113-121页

作者： Feng ang Yanping Jing Zhen ang Tonglin Mao Jozef Samaj Ming Yuan Haiyun Ren State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China Institute of cellular and molecular Botany Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms- University Bonn Department of Plant Cell Biology Kirschallee 1 D-53115 Bonn Germany Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology Slovak Academy of Sciences Akademicka 2 SK-95007 Nitra Slovak Republic

Profilin is an actin-binding protein that shows complex effects on the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. There are five profilin isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana L. However, it is still an open question whether these isoforms are functionally different. In the present study, two profilin isoforms from Arabidopsis, PRF1 and PRF2 were fused with green fuorescent protein （GFP） tag and expressed in Escherichia coil and A. thaliana in order to compare their biochemical properties in vitro and their cellular distributions in vivo. Biochemical analysis revealed that fusion proteins of GFP-PRF1 and GFP-PRF2 can bind to poly-L-proline and G-actin showing remarkable differences. GFP-PRF1 has much higher affinities for both poly-L-proline and G-actin compared with GFP-PRF2. Observations of living cells in stable transgenic A. thaliana lines revealed that 35S：：GFP-PRF1 formed a filamentous network, while 35S：：GFP-PRF2 formed polygonal meshes. Results from the treatment with latrunculin A and a subsequent recovery experiment indicated that filamentous alignment of GFP-PRF1 was likely associated with actin filaments. However, GFP-PRF2 localized to polygonal meshes resembling the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results provide evidence that Arabidopsis profllin isoforms PRF1 and PRF2 have different biochemical affinities for poly-L-proline and G-actin, and show distinctive Iocalizations in living cells. These data suggest that PRF1 and PRF2 are functionally different isoforms.

关键词： actin filaments Arabidopsis endoplasmic reticulum profilin isoforms PRF1 PRF2

Unraveling salt stress signaling in plants

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Journal of integrative Plant biology 2018年第9期60卷 796-804页

作者： Yongqing Yang Yan Guo State Key Laboratory of Plant physiology and biochemistry College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Salt stress is a maior environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. A better understanding of the mechanisms mediating salt resistance will help researchers design ways to improve crop performance under adverse environmental conditions. Salt stress can lead to ionic stress, osmotic stress and secondary stresses, particularly oxidative stress, in plants. Therefore, to adapt to salt stress, plants rely on signals and pathways that re-establish cellular ionic, osmotic, and reactive oxygen species （ROS） homeostasis. Over the past two decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed several core stress signaling pathways that participate in salt resistance. The Salt Overly Sensitive signaling pathway plays a key role in maintaining ionic homeostasis, via extruding sodium ions into the apoplast. Mitogenactivated protein kinase cascades mediate ionic, osmotic, and ROS homeostasis. SnRK2 （sucrose nonfermenting l-related protein kinase 2） proteins are involved in maintaining osmotic homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent progress in identifying the components and pathways involved in the plant＇s response to salt stress and their regulatory mechanisms. We also review progress in identifying sensors involved in salt-induced stress signaling in plants.

关键词： Unraveling salt stress signaling in plants ROS ABA MAPKKK SOS CBL

Regulation of Water Deficit-Induced Abscisic Acid Accumulation by Apoplastic Ascorbic Acid in Maize Seedlings

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Journal of integrative Plant biology 2005年第11期47卷 1335-1344页

作者： Jian-Fang HU Gui-Fen LI Zhi-Hui GAO Lin CHEN Hui-Bo REN Wen-Suo JIA College of Agronomy and Biotechnology State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

Water deficit-induced abscisic acid （ABA） accumulation is one of the most important stress signaling pathways in plant cells. Redox regulation of cellular signaling has currently attracted particular attention, but much less is known about its roles and mechanisms in plant signaling. Herein, we report that water deficit-induced ABA accumulation could be regulated by ascorbic acid （AA）-controlled redox status in leave apoplast. The AA content in non-stressed leaves was approximately 3 umol/g FW, corresponding to a mean concentration of 3 mmol/L in a whole cell. Because AA is mainly localized in the cytosol and chloroplasts, the volume of which is much smaller than that of the whole cell, AA content in cytosolic and chloroplast compartments should be much higher than 3 mmol/L. Water deficit-induced ABA accumulation in both leaf and root tissues of maize seedlings was significantly inhibited by AA and reduced glutathione （GSH） at concentrations of 500 umol/L and was completely blocked by 50 mmol/L AA and GSH. These results suggest that the AA-induced inhibition of ABA accumulation should not occur at sites where AA exists in high concentrations. Although water deficit led to a small increase in the dehydroascorbic acid （DHA） content, no significant changes in AA content were observed in either leaf or root tissues. When compared with the whole leaf cell, the AA content in the apoplastic compartment was much lower （i.e. approximately 70 nmol/g FW, corresponding to 0.7 mmol/L）. Water deficit induced a significant decrease （approximately 2.5-fold） in the AA content and an increase （approximately 3.4-fold） in the DHA content in the apoplastic compartment, thus leading to a considerably decreased redox status there, which may have contributed to the relief of AA-induced inhibition of ABA accumulation, alternatively, promoting water deficit-induced ABA accumulation. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） could not mimic water deficit in inducing ABA accumulation, suggesting that the

关键词： abscisic acid (ABA) ascorbic acid (AA) maize (Zea mays) reactive oxygen species waterdeficit.

Site-specific Proteasome Phosphorylation Controls Cell Proliferation and Tumorigenesis

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Site-specific Proteasome Phosphorylation Controls Cell Proli...