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Fatigue-resistant Hydrogels

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第1期40卷 64-77页

作者： LI Luofei LEI Hai CAO Yi Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructureDepartment of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093P.R.China department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027P.R.China

Hydrogels have been extensively studied for applications in various fields, such as tissue engineering and soft robotics, as determined by their mechanical properties. The mechanical design of hydrogels typically focuses on the modulus, toughness, and deformability. These characteristics play important roles and make great achievements for hydrogel use. In recent years, a growing body of research has concentrated on the fatigue property of hydrogels, which determines their resistance to crack propagation in the networks during cyclic mechanical loads for applications. However, knowledge of hydrogel fatigue behavior remains notably deficient. Here, we present a brief overview of the fatigue behavior of hydrogels, encompassing the general experimental methods to measure the fatigue property and fundamental theoretical calculation models. Then, we highlight multiple strategies to enhance the fatigue resistance of hydrogels. Finally, we present our perspectives on fatigue-resistant hydrogels, outstanding challenges and potential directions for future research.

关键词： Hydrogel Fatigue-resistant Fracture

基于模拟-建模研究化学与温度对难熔高熵合金力学行为和变形机制的影响

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第2期40卷 103-115页

作者：李甲任思危刘彬 Peter K.Liaw 方棋洪 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle body College of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha410082China State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha410083China department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxville37996USA

难熔高熵合金在高温下表现出优异的性能,突破了传统高温合金的工作温度上限.我们采用原子模拟研究了化学元素分布和温度对等原子比MoNbTaW难熔高熵合金变形机制的影响.根据微观结构演化,建立了基于微观结构的本构模型,定量评估多种强化... 详细信息

难熔高熵合金在高温下表现出优异的性能,突破了传统高温合金的工作温度上限.我们采用原子模拟研究了化学元素分布和温度对等原子比MoNbTaW难熔高熵合金变形机制的影响.根据微观结构演化,建立了基于微观结构的本构模型,定量评估多种强化机制的贡献.结果表明,应变硬化后,流动应力随应变呈锯齿状剧烈波动.由于退火结构的溶质浓度降低,温度升高降低了应变硬化率和流动应力波动幅度.变形孪晶在变形机制中起着关键作用,能够通过位错基塑性和晶粒中的非晶形核进一步调节局部变形.有序结构的存在强烈影响了应力和应变分配.固溶强化和晶界强化对流动应力的贡献很大,孪晶强化对流动压力的贡献很小.原子模拟和力学模型为深入理解难熔高熵合金变形行为及性能的精确预测提供依据.

关键词：流动应力固溶强化强化机制高温合金高熵合金变形机制晶界强化溶质浓度

DMF-scMT-seq linking methylome and transcriptome within single cells with digital microfluidics

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 2070-2078页

作者： Xing Xu Xi Zeng Xin Lin Shiyan Lin Shanshan Liang Tian Tian Rui Su Jia Song Chaoyong Yang Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and InstrumentationState Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesDepartment of Chemical BiologyCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Institute of Molecular Medicine Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200127China Chemistry and Materials Science College Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai200234China Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center(ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China

Single-cell joint analysis of methylome and transcriptome reveals how the methylation regulates the transcriptional ***,traditional bench-top protocols for single-cell DNA methylation and RNA transcription co-detection are laborintensive,cost-ineffective and ***,we establish the DMF-sc MT-seq,a highly-efficient and cost-effective method to simultaneously analyze single-cell DNA methylation and transcriptional activity based on digital *** MT-seq automates the workflow of single-cell isolation,cellular hypotonic lysis,nucleic acid separation and methylome/transcriptome library construction in a contactless and addressable *** system ensures high accuracy(R>0.85),high gene detection ability(14,697 genes per cell at 4 million sequencing depth),and high CpG coverage(677,198 CpG sites per cell at 1million sequencing depth).By using DMF-sc MT-seq,the relationship of DNA methylation and RNA transcription under different genomic contexts is *** further apply DMF-sc MT-seq to study the dynamics of transcription regulation with methylation-inhibiting anti-tumor Decitabine,and identify the methylated promoter/gene body driven genes in response to Decitabine ***-sc MT-seq facilitates the construction of the correlation of DNA methylation and transcriptional activity at the single-cell level in a flexible,sensitive and accurate way,which is anticipated to be a powerful tool in studying single-cell biological systems.

关键词： single-cell analysis digital microfluidics methylome sequencing transcriptome sequencing

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Dimensionality-driven metal to Mott insulator transition in two-dimensional 1T-TaSe2

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 108-118页

作者： Ning Tian Zhe Huang Bo Gyu Jang Shuaifei Guo Ya-Jun Yan Jingjing Gao Yijun Yu Jinwoong Hwang Cenyao Tang Meixiao Wang Xuan Luo Yu Ping Sun Zhongkai Liu Dong-Lai Feng Xianhui Chen Sung-Kwan Mo Minjae Kim Young-Woo Son Dawei Shen Wei Ruan Yuanbo Zhang State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics New Cornerstone Science Laboratory and Department of PhysicsFudan University Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan University Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology(SIMIT)Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Korea Institute for Advanced Study School of Emerging Technology and department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid State Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences High Magnetic Field Laboratory Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China and Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China

Two-dimensional materials represent a major frontier for research into exotic many-body quantum phenomena. In the extreme two-dimensional limit, electron-electron interaction often dominates over other electronic energy scales, leading to strongly correlated effects such as quantum spin liquid and unconventional *** dominance is conventionally attributed to the lack of electron screening in the third dimension. Here, we discover an intriguing metal to Mott insulator transition in 1T-TaSe2that defies conventional wisdom. Specifically, we find that dimensionality crossover, instead of reduced screening, drives the transition in atomically thin 1T-TaSe2. A dispersive band crossing the Fermi level is found to be responsible for the bulk metallicity in the material. Reducing the dimensionality,however, effectively quenches the kinetic energy of these initially itinerant electrons, and drives the material into a Mott insulating *** dimensionality-driven metal to Mott insulator transition resolves the long-standing dichotomy between metallic bulk and insulating surface of 1T-TaSe2. Our work further reveals a new pathway for modulating two-dimensional materials that enables exploring strongly correlated systems across uncharted parameter space.

关键词： two-dimensional materials 1T-TaSe2 dimensionality crossover metal to Mott insulator transition

Chimeric antigen receptor-immune cells against solid tumors:Structures,mechanisms,recent advances,and future developments

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第11期137卷 1285-1302页

作者： Xudong Li Wei Li Linping Xu Yongping Song department of Hematology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University&Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouHenan 450008China department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450052China Academy of Medical Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450052China

The advent of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cell immunotherapies has led to breakthroughs in the treatment of hematological ***,their success in treating solid tumors has been ***-natural killer(NK)cells have several advantages over CAR-T cells because NK cells can be made from pre-existing cell lines or allogeneic NK cells with a mismatched major histocompatibility complex(MHC),which means they are more likely to become an"off-the-shelf"***,they can kill cancer cells via CAR-dependent/independent pathways and have limited *** are the most malleable immune cells in the *** cells can efficiently infiltrate into tumors and are present in large numbers in tumor microenvironments(TMEs).Importantly,CAR-macrophages(CAR-Ms)have recently yielded exciting preclinical results in several solid ***,CAR-T,CAR-NK,and CAR-M all have their own advantages and *** this review,we systematically discuss the current status,progress,and the major hurdles of CAR-T cells,CAR-NK cells,and CAR-M as they relate to five aspects:CAR structure,therapeutic mechanisms,the latest research progress,current challenges and solutions,and comparison according to the existing research in order to provide a reasonable option for treating solid tumors in the future.

关键词： Immunotherapy Chimeric antigen receptor-T cells Chimeric antigen receptor-NK cells Chimeric antigen receptor-macrophage solid tumors

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Structural performance of flexible freeform panelssubjected to wind loads

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 851-869页

作者： Yong YOO Zaryab SHAHID Renzhe CHEN Maria KOLIOU Anastasia MULIANA Negar KALANTAR Zachry department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA J.Mike Walker'66 department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Architecture Division California College of the ArtsSan FranciscoCA 94107USA

An increased number of hurricanes and tornadoes have been recorded worldwide in the last decade,while research efforts to reduce wind-related damage to structures become *** architecture,which focuses on generating complex curved shapes including streamlined shapes,has recently gained *** study focuses on investigating the potential of kerf panels,which have unique flexibility depending on the cut patterns and densities,to generate complex shapes for facades and their performance under wind *** investigate the kerf panel's potential capacity against wind loads,static and dynamic analyses were conducted for two kerf panel types with different cut densities and pre-deformed *** was observed that although solid panels result in smaller displacement amplitudes,stresses,and strains in some cases,the kerf panels allow for global and local cell deformations resulting in stress reduction in various locations with the potential to reduce damage due to overstress in *** the predeformed kerf panels,it was observed that both the overall stress and strain responses in kerf cut arrangements were lower than those of the flat-shaped *** study shows the promise of the use of kerf panels in achieving both design flexibility and performance demands when exposed to service *** that this newly proposed architectural configuration(design paradigm)for facades could revolutionize structural engineering by pushing complex freeform shapes to a standard practice that intertwines aesthetic arguments,building performance requirements,and material design considerations has the potential for significant practical applications.

关键词： freeform structure kerfing method wind load analysis cladding component

Effect of pre-twinning and heat treatment on formability of AZX311 Mg alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1154-1169页

作者： Mahesh Panchal Lalit Kaushik Min-Seong Kim Ravi Kottan Renganayagalu Shi-Hoon Choi Jaiveer Singh department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurKarwarJodhpur 342030RajasthanIndia department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurKarwarJodhpur 342030RajasthanIndia Energy Materials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)5 Hwarang-roSeongbuk-guSeoul 02792Republic of Korea department of Advanced Components and Materials Engineering Sunchon National University255 Jungang-roSuncheonJeonnam 57922Republic of Korea

In this study,the effects of pre-strain-induced tensile twins(TTWs)and controlled heat treatment on the formability behavior of AZX311 Mg alloy sheets were investigated.A 4%compressive strain was applied to pre-strain the sheets using the in-plane compression(IPC)technique along the rolling direction(RD)to introduce *** pre-strained(PS)samples were subsequently heat-treated at 250℃,350℃,and 400℃ independently for 1 hr,and are termed as PSA1,PSA2,and PSA3,*** cupping tests were conducted to assess the formability of the sheet samples under different initial *** results showed that the PS sample heat-treated at 250℃ for 1hr exhibited a decrease in the Erichsen index(IE)compared to the as-rolled sample,whereas PSA2 and PSA3 samples showed an increase in IE *** analysis revealed that most of the TTWs generated through pre-twinning were stable at 250℃;however,the twin volume fraction reduced to 41%at 350℃ compared to the PS samples due to enhanced thermal activity at that ***,PSA2 samples showed severe grain coarsening in some areas of the sample,and the fraction of such grains increased in the PSA3 *** stretch formability(IE value)of PSA2 samples showed a 32.3%increase compared to the as-rolled ***,the analysis of the deformed specimen at failure under the Erichsen test indicated that considerable detwinning occurs in the PS and PSA1 samples,whereas dislocation slip activity dominates in the PSA2 and PSA3 samples during stretch *** from detwinning and dislocation slip,deformation twins were also observed in all samples after the Erichsen ***,this work highlights the importance of texture control and its underlying mechanisms via pre-twinning followed by heat treatment and their impact on the room temperature(RT)stretch formability of AZX311 Mg alloy sheets.

关键词： Mg alloys Pre-twinning Texture Formability EBSD.

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Heat transfer analysis in particle-laden flows using the immersed boundary method

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 394-403页

作者： Ali Abbas Zaidi department of Mechanical Engineering University of Manitoba75A Chancellors CircleWinnipegR3T 5V6Canada

This paper investigates an efficient immersed boundary method(IBM)for multiple-core CPU machines with local grid refinement for the calculation of heat transfer between fluids and finite-sized *** fluid momentum equations are solved by using the fractional step method,while the energy equation is solved by employing the second-order Adams-Bashforth *** efficient load balancing between the CPU cores,the coupling between particles and fluid is obtained by applying the body force in the fluid equations,which depends on the solid volume fraction of particles contained in each grid cell,and then by linearly interpolating the particle temperature and velocity on the fluid grid cell(in place of the delta function commonly used in literature).Several test cases from the literature are studied,and good agreement is observed between the simulation results and the ***,a scaling study on multiple core machines is performed,demonstrating the proposed IBM's capabilities for a significant reduction in processing time.

关键词： Heat transfer Immersed boundary method Particle resolved direct numerical simulations Fluid solid interactions

Physical-Chemical Aggressiveness of Solutions of Medicines as a Factor in the Rheology of the Blood inside Veins and Catheters

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2014年第1期8卷 61-65页

作者： Aleksandr Urakov Natalia Urakova Anton Kasatkin Leisan Chernova department of the deformed solid body Institute of Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the RAS Izhevsk 426067 Russia department of General and Clinical Pharmacology Izhevsk State Medical Academy Izhevsk 426034 Russia

In experiments in vitro and observations in the clinic in vivo studied the state of the lumen of subcutaneous veins and blood rheology of patients after their interaction with vascular catheters and solutions of medicines based on the values of temperature, volume, concentration, osmotic activity and pH. It is shown that heparin injection in blood not prevent, but solution of 4% sodium bicarbonate injection prevents blood clotting, blood clots and blockage blood clots of veins and of catheters. It is shown that the heating to a temperature of +42 °С with the solution of 4% sodium bicarbonate provides softening action on old dry blood clots in 1 min, and their subsequent irrigation with a warm solution of 4% sodium bicarbonate and 3% hydrogen peroxide provides complete destruction and discoloration of the remaining spots of blood during 2 s. Proposed new medicines and hygiene products for the protection of the veins and installed in them vascular catheters from blockage of blood clots, and for removing blood stains from clothes and body surface patients.

关键词：血液流变学导管静脉物理化学碳酸氢钠注射液过氧化氢溶液攻击性因子