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River width and depth as key factors of diurnal activity energy expenditure allocation for wintering Spot-billed Ducks in the Xin'an River Basin

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 116-122页

作者： Chao Yu Xuying Lu Deli Sun Mengnan Chu Xueyun Li Qun Li College of Life and Environmental Sciences Huangshan UniversityHuangshan245021China Environment conservation Research Centre of Xin’an River Basin Huangshan UniversityHuangshan 245021China department of Resources conservation Southern Anhui National Wildlife Rescue CenterXiuning 245400China

Rivers are important habitats for wintering ***,they are easily influenced by natural and human *** important approach for waterbirds to adapt to habitats is adjusting the activity time and energy expenditure allocation of diurnal *** compensatory foraging hypothesis predicts that increased energy expenditure leads to longer foraging time,which in turn increases food intake and helps maintain a constant energy ***,it is unclear whether human-disturbed habitats result in increased energy expenditure related to safety or *** this study,the scan sample method was used to observe the diurnal behavior of the wintering Spot-billed Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha) in two rivers in the Xin’an River Basin from October 2021 to March *** allocation of time and energy expenditure for activity in both normal and disturbed environments was *** results showed that foraging accounted for the highest percentage of time and energy ***,foraging decreased in the disturbed environment than that in the normal *** behavior showed the opposite trend,while other behaviors were similar in both *** total diurnal energy expenditure of ducks in the disturbed environment was greater than that in the normal environment,with decreased foraging and resting time percentage and increased behaviors related to immediate safety(swimming and alert) and *** results oppose the compensatory foraging hypothesis in favor of increased *** optimal diurnal energy expenditure model included river width and water depth,which had a positive relationship;an increase in either of these two factors resulted in an increase in energy *** study provides a better understanding of energy allocation strategies underlying the superficial time allocation of wintering waterbirds according to environmental *** these changes can help understand the maximum fitness of wi

关键词： Diurnal behavior activities River factors Time and energy expenditure allocation Wintering Spot-billed Duck Xin’an River Basin

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Boosted photocatalytic removal of NO using direct Z-scheme UiO-66-NH2/Bi2MoO6 nanoflowers heterojunction:mechanism insight and humidity effect

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Rare Metals 2024年第08期43卷 3758-3770页

作者： Jiang-Yu-Shan Liang Hai-Tao Ren Abdelkader Labidi Qiu-Hui Zhu Qi-Bing Dong Ahmed A.Allam Ahmed Rady Chuan-Yi Wang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology zoology department Faculty of ScienceBeni-Suef University department of zoology College of ScienceKing Saud University

In practical applications,relative humidity in the air is a key factor affecting the photocatalytic removal of NO,which is often overlooked in previous ***,we developed a direct Z-scheme UiO-66-NH2/Bi2MoO6heterojunction with a nanoflower-like structure to systematically investigate the effect of relative humidity on photocatalytic removal of *** optimized heterojunction for the removal efficiency of NO was 71.6% at1.07 mg·m-3NO concentration（relative humidity=10%）,and the generation of NO2was only 1.1%.Interestingly,with the increase in relative humidity,it showed a higher inhibition effect on NO2,while the removal of NO decreased slightly（8%）,which might be attributed to the affinity effect of NO2with water molecules and the competitive adsorption of H2O and NO on the surface of the heterojunction ***,the reaction pathways of NO removal at the developed heterojunctions were revealed by in situ DRIFTS *** work provides a novel vision for the development of direct Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts to effectively remove NO and inhibit the formation of toxic intermediate NO2under different humidities.

关键词： NO removal Relative humidity Direct Z-scheme Bismuth molybdate Visible-light photocatalysis

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Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin LI Jiayu LU Xiaoyi SHI Li’an DUO James L.D.SMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key Laboratory of conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory for conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard BeijingChina

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(***)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference *** gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and *** and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence *** and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial *** addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich *** determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation ***,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference *** study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

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Antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis, and potential in managing rodent population under field conditions

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Integrative zoology 2024年第1期19卷 108-126页

作者： Ajooni SIDHU Neena SINGLA department of zoology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaPunjabIndia

Integrating fertility control techniques using steroid hormones after lethal control can help reduce post control rebuildup of rodent *** current study is thefirst to assess the antifertility effects of quinestrol in male lesser bandicoot rat,Bandicota bengalensis which is the predominant rodent pest species in Southeast *** in different groups were fed bait containing 0.00%,0.01%,0.02%,and 0.03%quinestrol for 10 days in laboratory and evaluated immediately,and 15,30,and 60 days after treatment discontinuation for effect on reproduction and other antifertility *** of 0.03%quinestrol treatment for 15 days was also observed in managing rodent populations in groundnut *** resulted in average consumption of 19.53±1.80,67.63±5.50,and 246.67±1.78 mg/kg bwt active ingredient by three treated groups of rats,*** reproduction was observed in female rats mated with male rats treated with 0.03%quinestrol,even 30 days after cessation of ***-mortem examination showed a significant(P<0.0001)effect of treatment on organ weights(testis,cauda epididymis,seminal vesicles,and prostate gland)and different sperm parameters(sperm motility,sperm viability,sperm count,and sperm abnormality)in the cauda epididymalfluid with partial reversibility after 60 days.A significant(P<0.0001)effect of quinestrol on the histomorphology of testis and cauda epididymis was observed,suggesting its effect on *** cell association and cell count in seminiferous tubules did not fully recover within 60 days of stopping *** of the effects of quinestrol treatment in groundnutfields showed greater reductions in rodent activity infields treated with 2%zinc phosphide followed by 0.03%quinestrol treatment as compared tofields treated with 2%zinc phosphide *** concludes that quinestrol has the potential to reduce fecundity and post control rebuildup of *** populations,but long-term studies

关键词： antifertility Bandicota bengalensis field evaluation quinestrol reversibility

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Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations in Nile Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)exposed to ethidium bromide:The protective role of Spirulina platensis

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第1期9卷 93-103页

作者： Sabreen Abdullah Mervat Naguib Alaa El-Din Salah El-Din Alaa El-Din H.Sayed zoology department Faculty of ScienceAswan UniversityAswan81528Egypt zoology department Faculty of ScienceAssuit UniversityAssiut71516Egypt

Ethidium bromide(EtBr)is one of the contaminants recorded in aquatic environments whose effects have been investigated;however,there is still limited knowledge about its *** study examined the potential protective effects of Spirulina platensis(SP)against the effects of EtBr toxicity in the Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)*** were divided to five groups,viz.,a control and four treatment groups of low-dose EtBr(10μg/L),low-dose EtBr with SP(10μg/L EtBr+200 mg/L SP),high-dose EtBr(100μg/L),and high-dose EtBr with SP(100μg/L EtBr+200 mg/L SP);the exposure period was 2 *** and high doses of EtBr induced alterations in some hematological,biochemical,and histopathological *** hepatocytes,degenerated area,vacuolated hepatocytes,pyknotic nuclei,constricted and dilated blood sinusoids,and infiltration of inflammatory cells were *** peroxidation concentration was not significantly different in groups exposed to low doses of EtBr and EtBr with SP,but it was increased in groups exposed to high doses of EtBr and EtBr with SP,compared with the control *** feeding with SP,most histological and histochemical parameters restored to normal ***,SP may possess the ability to preserve the structural integrity of the hepatic and renal membranes.

关键词： Ethidium bromide Spirulina platensis Oreochromis niloticus Liver Lipid peroxidation

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Global warming scenarios for the Eastern Adriatic Sea indicate a higher risk of invasiveness of non-native marine organisms relative to current climate conditions

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 143-154页

作者： Branko Glamuzina Lorenzo Vilizzi Marina Piria Ante Zuljevic Ana Bratos Cetinic Ana Pesic Branko Dragicevic Lovrenc Lipej Marijana Pecarevic Vlasta Bartulovic Sanja Grđan Ivan Cvitkovic Tatjana Dobroslavic Ana Fortic Luka Glamuzina Borut Mavric Jovana Tomanic Marija Despalatovic Domen Trkov Marina Brailo Scepanovic Zoran Vidovic Predrag Simonovic Sanja Matic-Skoko Pero Tutman department of Applied Ecology University of DubrovnikDubrovnikCroatia department of Ecology and Vertebrate zoology Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodzPoland Faculty of Agriculture Department of FisheriesApicultureWildlife Management and Special ZoologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries SplitCroatia Institute of Marine Biology University of MontenegroKotorMontenegro National Institute of Biology Marine Biology Station PiranPiranSlovenia Teacher Education Faculty University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Faculty of Biology University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia

Globally,marine bioinvasions threaten marine ecosystem structure and function,with the Mediterranean Sea being one of the most affected *** invasions are expected to increase due to climate *** conducted a risk screening of marine organisms(37 fishes,38 invertebrates,and 9 plants),both extant and‘horizon’(i.e.,not present in the area but likely to enter it).Based on expert knowledge for the Eastern Adriatic Sea coasts of Slovenia,Croatia,and Montenegro,screenings were conducted under both current and predicted climate conditions indicating with an increase in sea surface temperature and salinity of the Adriatic Sea together with changes in precipitation *** aims were to:(1)identify non-native extant and horizon marine species that may pose threats to native biodiversity and(2)evaluate the risk of invasiveness of the selected species under current and predicted climate *** the 84 species screened,there was an increase in those ranked as‘high risk’from 33(39.3%)under current climate conditions and to 47(56.0%)under global warming *** those ranked as‘very high’risk,the increase was from 6(7.1%)to 21(25.0%).Amongst the screened species,the already established high-risk species Pacific oyster Magallana gigas and Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus represent a threat to ecosystem *** the under-representation of marine species in the current European Union List,the species we have ranked as high to very high risk should be included.

关键词： AS-ISK Early detection Introduction vectors/pathways Invasive species Rapid response

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Molecular mechanism of nanomaterials induced liver injury:A review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 566-600页

作者： Sanjib Kumar Das Koushik Sen Biswatosh Ghosh Nabanita Ghosh Krishnendu Sinha Parames C Sil department of zoology Jhargram Raj CollegeJhargram 721507India department of zoology Bidhannagar CollegeKolkata 700064India department of zoology Maulana Azad CollegeKolkata 700013India department of Molecular Medicine Bose InstituteCalcutta 700054India

The unique physicochemical properties inherent to nanoscale materials have unveiled numerous potential applications,spanning beyond the pharmaceutical and medical sectors into various consumer industries like food and ***,humans encounter nanomaterials through diverse exposure routes,giving rise to potential health *** among these materials are silica and specific metallic nanoparticles,extensively utilized in consumer products,which have garnered substantial attention due to their propensity to accumulate and induce adverse effects in the *** review paper aims to provide an exhaustive examination of the molecular mechanisms underpinning nanomaterial-induced hepatotoxicity,drawing insights from both in vitro and in vivo ***,the most frequently observed manifestations of toxicity following the exposure of cells or animal models to various nanomaterials involve the initiation of oxidative stress and ***,we delve into the existing in vitro models employed for evaluating the hepatotoxic effects of nanomaterials,emphasizing the persistent endeavors to advance and bolster the reliability of these models for nanotoxicology research.

关键词： Nanoparticles Hepatotoxicity Oxidative stress Inflammation Autophagy

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Invasive ant learning is not affected by seven potential neuroactive chemicals

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Current zoology 2024年第1期70卷 87-97页

作者： Henrique Galante Tomer J.Czaczkes department of zoology and Evolutionary Biology Animal Comparative Economics LaboratoryUniversity of Regensburg93053 Regensburg Germany

Argentine ants Linepithema humile are one of the most damaging invasive alien species *** or disrupting cognitive abilities,such as learning,has the potential to improve management efforts,for example by increasing preference for a bait,or improving ants'ability to learn its characteristics or ***-feeding insects are often the victims of psychoactive manipulation,with plants lacing their nectar with secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and non-protein amino acids which often alter learning,foraging,or ***,the effect of neuroactive chemicals has seldomly been explored in ***,we test the effects of seven potential neuroactive chemicals-two alkaloids:caffeine and nicotine;two biogenic amines:dopamine and octopamine,and three nonprotein amino acids:β-alanine,GABA and taurineon the cognitive abilities of invasive *** using bifurcation *** results confirm that these ants are strong associative learners,requiring as little as one experience to develop an ***,we show no short-term effect of any of the chemicals tested on spatial learning,and in addition no effect of caffeine on short-term olfactory *** lack of effect is surprising,given the extensive reports of the tested chemicals affecting learning and foraging in *** mismatch could be due to the heavy bias towards bees in the literature,a positive result publicationbias,ordifferences inmethodology.

关键词： associativelearning caffeine memory neuroactivechemicals

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Inbreeding and genetic load in a pair of sibling grouse species:Tetrastes sewersowi and ***

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-270页

作者： Kai Song Tom van der Valk Bin Gao Peter Halvarsson Yun Fang Wendong Xie Siegfried Klaus Zhiming Han Yue-Hua Sun Jacob Hoglund Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DUppsala75236Sweden department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala75273Sweden Unit of Parasitology Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 7036Uppsala75007Sweden Lindenhohe 5 JenaD-07749Germany The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation *** levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and *** used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify *** found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROH(fraction of runs of homozygosity)in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)and Hazel Grouse(***).FROH estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity(ROH)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel *** from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of Hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROH ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively).These levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of *** Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding *** of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to Hazel *** results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging Hazel ***,when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,Hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may indicate that purifying selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.

关键词： Genetic load Inbreeding Purifying selection Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ROH Tetrastes

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conservation genomics of the critically endangered Chinese pangolin

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Shichao Wei Huizhong Fan Wenliang Zhou Guangping Huang Yan Hua Shibao Wu Xiao Wei Yiting Chen Xinyue Tan Fuwen Wei Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of conservation Biology College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural University Center for Evolution and conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Institute of zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture Protection and Utilization Guangdong Academy of Forestry School of Life Science South China Normal University Terrestrial wildlife Rescue and Epidemic Diseases Surveillance Center of Guangxi

The Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla, MP) has been extensively exploited and is now on the brink of extinction, but its population structure, evolutionary history, and adaptive potential are unclear. Here, we analyzed 94 genomes from three subspecies of the Chinese pangolin and identified three distinct genetic clusters(MPA, MPB, and MPC), with MPB further divided into MPB1 and MPB2 subpopulations. The divergence of these populations was driven by past climate change. For MPB2 and MPC, recent human activities have caused dramatic population decline and small population size as well as increased inbreeding, but not decrease in genomic variation and increase in genetic load probably due to strong gene flow; therefore, it is crucial to strengthen in situ habitat management for these two populations. By contrast, although human activities have a milder impact on MPA, it is at high risk of extinction due to long-term contraction and isolation, and genetic rescue is urgently needed. MPB1 exhibited a relatively healthy population status and can potentially serve as a source population. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the conservation of the Chinese pangolin and biogeography of the mammals of eastern Asia.

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