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Complexed amino acid minerals vs. bis-glycinate chelated minerals:Impact on the performance of old laying hens

Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 395-408页

作者： Marcos J.B.Santos Maria C.M.M.Ludke Leandro M.Silva Carlos B.V.Rabello Mércia R.Barros Fabiano S.Costa Clariana S.Santos Jamille S.S.Wanderley department of Animal science Rural Federal University of Pernambuco department of veterinary science Rural Federal University of Pernambuco

The present study was to evaluate the effect of trace minerals(Zn, Mn, and Cu) from complexed amino acid minerals(ZMCAA) and bis-glycinate chelated minerals(ZMCGly) in laying hen diets on performance,internal and external egg quality, yolk mineral deposition, intestinal morphometry, and bone characteristics. From 78 to 98 weeks of age, 400 White LSL-Lite strain laying hens were distributed in a randomized design with 4 treatments with 10 replicates per treatment. Treatments were distributed in a 2 ×2 factorial arrangement using either Zn, Mn, and Cu of ZMCAA or ZMCGly source at 2 levels: low(20, 20,and 3.5 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively) or high(40, 40, and 7 mg/kg of Zn, Mn, and Cu,respectively). The analysis of variance was performed, and in cases where differences were observed, the means were compared using Tukey?s test(P < 0.05). The source and level of trace mineral supplementation had a significant impact on the performance of laying hens. Hens fed ZMCAA had higher egg production(P = 0.01), egg weight(P = 0.02), egg mass(P = 0.01), and lower feed conversion ratio(P =0.05) compared to those fed ZMCGly. The ZMCAA supplementation showed higher albumen height(P =0.01), albumen weight(P = 0.01), and eggshell thickness(P < 0.01). The deposition of Zn(P < 0.01), Mn(P< 0.01), and Cu(P < 0.01) in the egg yolk was greater for hens received ZMCAA. Tibia weight(P = 0.04)and bone densitometry(P < 0.01) in the tibia were higher with ZMCAA supplementation. In the small intestine, ZMCAA resulted in longer villi(P = 0.02) and shorter crypt depth(P = 0.01) in the duodenum.Jejunum and ileum measurements were influenced by the level and source of trace minerals(P < 0.05).Laying hens fed ZMCAA exhibited superior performance, egg quality, deposition of trace minerals in the egg yolk, and bone density compared to hens fed ZMCGly. In this study, older laying hens supplemented with ZMCAA at lower levels demonstrated adequate levels of supplementation.

关键词： Bis-glycinates Metal-amino acids Radiodensity Trace minerals

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Changes in structural plasticity of hippocampal neurons in an animal model of multiple sclerosis

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 398-414页

作者： Poornima D.E.Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage Sohi Kang Joong-Sun Kim Sung-Ho Kim Hongbing Wang Taekyun Shin Changjong Moon department of veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR ProgramChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical science Institute of Health SciencesCollege of MedicineGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52727Republic of Korea department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA department of veterinary Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research InstituteJeju National UniversityJeju 63243Republic of Korea

Structural plasticity is critical for the functional diversity of neurons in the brain.Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)is the most commonly used model for multiple sclerosis(MS),successfully mimicking its key pathological features(inflammation,demyelination,axonal loss,and gliosis)and clinical symptoms(motor and non-motordysfunctions).Recentstudieshave demonstrated the importance of synaptic plasticity in EAE pathogenesis.In the present study,we investigated the features of behavioral alteration and hippocampal structural plasticity in EAE-affected mice in the early phase(11 days post-immunization,DPI)and chronic phase(28DPI).EAE-affected mice exhibited hippocampus-related behavioral dysfunction in the open field test during both early and chronic phases.Dendritic complexity was largely affected in the cornu ammonis 1(CA1)and CA3 apical and dentate gyrus(DG)subregions of the hippocampus during the chronic phase,while this effect was only noted in the CA1 apical subregion in the early phase.Moreover,dendritic spine density was reduced in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 apical/basal and DG subregions in the early phase of EAE,but only reduced in the DG subregion during the chronic phase.Furthermore,mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines(Il1β,Tnfα,and Ifnγ)and glial cell markers(Gfap and Cd68)were significantly increased,whereas the expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletonassociated protein(ARC)was reduced during the chronic phase.Similarly,exposure to the aforementioned cytokines in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons reduced dendritic complexity and ARC expression.Primary cultures of hippocampal neurons also showed significantly reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation upon treatment with proinflammatory cytokines.Collectively,these results suggest that autoimmune neuroinflammation alters structural plasticity in the hippocampus,possibly through the ERK-ARC pathway,indicating that this alteration may be associated with hippocampal dysfunctions in EAE.

关键词： Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein Anxiety-like behavior Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Hippocampal dysfunction Neuroinflammation

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Independent and Combined Associations of Sleep Duration, Bedtime, and Polygenic Risk Score with the Risk of Hearing Loss among Middle-Aged and Old Chinese: The Dongfeng–Tongji Cohort Study

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 721-733页

作者： Miao Liu Haiqing Zhang Zhichao Wang Tingting Mo Xuefeng Lai Yaling He Minghui Jiang Meian He Weijia Kong Tangchun Wu Xiaomin Zhang department of Occupational and Environmental health Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Healthand State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubating)School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina department of Otorhinolaryngology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina

Evidence available on the independent and combined associations of sleep duration,bedtime,and genetic predisposition with hearing loss was lacking.The present study included 15,827 participants from the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort study.Genetic risk was characterized by polygenic risk score(PRS)based on 37 genetic loci related to hearing loss.We conducted multivariate logistic regression models to assess the odds ratio(OR)for hearing loss with sleep duration and bedtime,as well as the joint association and interaction with PRS.Results showed that hearing loss was independently associated with sleeping≥9 h/night compared to the recommended 7 to9:00 p.***.to 10:00 p.***.compared to those with bedtime>10:00 p.***.to 11:00 p.m.,with estimated ORs of 1.25,1.27,and 1.16,respectively.

关键词： Middle hearing fen

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Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： Kristen Gallagher Isabelle Bernstein Cynthia Collings David Main Ghayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naughton Jayasimha Daddam Vengai Mavangira Mike Vandehaar Zheng Zhou department of Animal science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA department of veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Ames 50011USA

Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always effective.Cows with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks postpartum.Methods Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design experiment.Cows were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same diet.Treatment effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS.Results No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d postpartum.Cows receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of lactation.Infusion of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with CON.Compared to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

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Dysprosium oxide,alumina,and graphene oxide reinforced polycaprolactone thin films:Thermal stability,morphology,and cell viability

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1337-1343页

作者： Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy Mohamed R.Atteya Mai A.Samak Mousa Abdelrahman Tahani AlMahmoud M.A.El-Morsy A.A.Menazea M.F.H.Abd El-Kader department of Public health College of Public Health and Health InformaticsUniversity of Ha'il Food Control department Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig University department of Physical Therapy College of Applied Medical SciencesUniversity of Ha'il department of Histology and Cell Biology Faculty of MedicineZagazig University College of Nursing University of Ha'il College of science and Humanities in Al-Kharj Physics DepartmentPlasma Technology and Material Science UnitPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Physics department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Damietta Spectroscopy department Physics Research InstituteNational Research Centre Biophysics department Faculty of ScienceCairo University

Developing a biomaterial for wound healing applications is still a challenge.Herein,dysprosium oxide（Dy2O3）,aluminum oxide（Al2O3）,and graphene oxide（GO） were embedded in cast films based on polycaprolactone（PCL） to be examined for wound dressing usage.Different techniques were used to characterize the fabricated films including X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）,Raman,and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,besides their biological activity.The thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） exhibits high thermal stability as the scaffold weight decreases slightly to 98.6% after raising the temperature from room temperature to 280℃.The cell viability was investigated and it is shown that the viable cells grow up to approximately 93% at 75 μg/mL.Meanwhile,the cell attachment shows excellent behavior as the cells attach on most of the surface of the modified PCL which shows high biocompatibility.

关键词： Al2O3 Biocompatible Dy2O3 Polycaprolactone Rare earths Wound healing

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New insights into the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of tauopathies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1020-1026页

作者： Himanshi Singh Asmita Das Mohammad Moshahid Khan Tayebeh Pourmotabbed department of Microbiology Immunology and BiochemistryUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA department of Biotechnology Delhi Technological UniversityShahbad DaulatpurDelhiIndia department of Neurology College of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA Neuroscience Institute University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA Center for Muscle Metabolism and NeuropathologyDivision of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical TherapyCollege of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Tauopathies are a group of neurological disorders,including Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia,which involve progressive neurodegeneration,cognitive deficits,and aberrant tau protein accumulation.The development of tauopathies cannot currently be stopped or slowed down by treatment measures.Given the significant contribution of tau burden in primary tauopathies and the strong association between pathogenic tau accumulation and cognitive deficits,there has been a lot of interest in creating therapies that can alleviate tau pathology and render neuroprotective effects.Recently,small molecules,immunotherapies,and gene therapy have been used to reduce the pathological tau burden and prevent neurodegeneration in animal models of tauopathies.However,the major pitfall of the current therapeutic approach is the difficulty of drugs and gene-targeting modalities to cross the blood-brain barrier and their unintended side effects.In this review,the current therapeutic strategies used for tauopathies including the use of oligonucleotide-based gene therapy approaches that have shown a promising result for the treatment of tauopathies and Alzheimer’s disease in preclinical animal models,have been discussed.

关键词： dementia gene therapies immunotherapy neurodegeneration oligonucleotides tau tauopathies therapies

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Disentangling brain PrP^(C)proteoforms and their roles in physiology and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 963-965页

作者： Ilaria Vanni Nonno Romolo department of Food Safety Nutrition and Veterinary Public HealthIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly

The cellular prion protein(PrPC),a cell surface glycoprotein of 209 amino acids,has been considerably studied over the decades mainly due to its critical involvement in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies,or prion diseases.Indeed,it is the misfolding and aggregation of PrPC into pathological assemblies-named PrPSc-that constitute prions,the agents causing these unusual neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals(Prusiner,1982).Furthermore,increasing evidence support its relevance also in other neurodegenerative diseases(NDDs),such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases(Corbett et al.,2020).

关键词： diseases involvement glycoprotein

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Enterogenic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia migrates to the mammary gland to induce mastitis by activating the calcium-ROS-AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathway

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 236-252页

作者： Zhaoqi He Caijun Zhao Yuhong He Zhuoyu Liu Guyue Fan Kun Zhu Yiqi Wang Naisheng Zhang Yunhe Fu Xiaoyu Hu department of Clinical veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineJilin UniversityChangchun 130062Jilin ProvinceChina

Background Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland that has serious economic impacts on the dairy industry and endangers food safety.Our previous study found that the body has a gut/rumen-mammary gland axis and that disturbance of the gut/rumen microbiota could result in‘gastroenterogenic mastitis'.However,the mechanism has not been fully clarified.Recently,we found that long-term feeding of a high-concentrate diet induced mastitis in dairy cows,and the abundance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(S.maltophilia)was significantly increased in both the rumen and milk microbiota.Accordingly,we hypothesized that‘gastroenterogenic mastitis'can be induced by the migration of endogenous gut bacteria to the mammary gland.Therefore,this study investigated the mechanism by which enterogenic S.maltophilia induces mastitis.Results First,S.maltophilia was labelled with superfolder GFP and administered to mice via gavage.The results showed that treatment with S.maltophilia promoted the occurrence of mastitis and increased the permeability of the blood-milk barrier,leading to intestinal inflammation and intestinal leakage.Furthermore,tracking of ingested S.maltophilia revealed that S.maltophilia could migrate from the gut to the mammary gland and induce mastitis.Subsequently,mammary gland transcriptome analysis showed that the calcium and AMPK signalling pathways were significantly upregulated in mice treated with S.maltophilia.Then,using mouse mammary epithelial cells(MMECs),we verified that S.maltophilia induces mastitis through activation of the calcium-ROS-AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathway.Conclusions In conclusion,the results showed that enterogenic S.maltophilia could migrate from the gut to the mammary gland via the gut-mammary axis and activate the calcium-ROS-AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathway to induce mastitis.Targeting the gut-mammary gland axis may also be an effective method to treat mastitis.

关键词： Calcium-ROS-AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathway Gut-mammary axis Mastitis S.maltophilia

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Generation of double knockout cattle via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein(RNP)electroporation

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 456-462页

作者： Gyeong-Min Gim Kyeong-Hyeon Eom Dong-Hyeok Kwon Dae-Jin Jung Dae-Hyun Kim Jun-Koo Yi Jae-Jung Ha Ji-Hyun Lee Seong-Beom Lee Woo-Jae Son Soo-Young Yum Won-Wu Lee Goo Jang Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology Department of Veterinary Clinical ScienceCollege of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea LARTBio Co. Ltd.SeoulRepublic of Korea Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute YeongjuRepublic of Korea Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Background Genome editing has been considered as powerful tool in agricultural fields.However,genome editing progress in cattle has not been fast as in other mammal species,for some disadvantages including long gestational periods,single pregnancy,and high raising cost.Furthermore,technically demanding methods such as microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)are needed for gene editing in cattle.In this point of view,electroporation in embryos has been risen as an alternative.Results First,editing efficiency of our electroporation methods were tested for embryos.Presence of mutation on embryo was confirmed by T7E1 assay.With first combination,mutation rates for MSTN and PRNP were 57.6%±13.7%and 54.6%±13.5%,respectively.In case of MSTN/BLG,mutation rates were 83.9%±23.6%for MSTN,84.5%±18.0%for BLG.Afterwards,the double-KO embryos were transferred to surrogates and mutation rate was identified in resultant calves by targeted deep sequencing.Thirteen recipients were transferred for MSTN/PRNP,4 calves were delivered,and one calf underwent an induction for double KO.Ten surrogates were given double-KO embryos for MSTN/BLG,and four of the six calves that were born had mutations in both genes.Conclusions These data demonstrated that production of genome edited cattle via electroporation of RNP could be effectively applied.Finally,MSTN and PRNP from beef cattle and MSTN and BLG from dairy cattle have been born and they will be valuable resources for future precision breeding.

关键词： Beta-lactoglobulin Cattle CRISPR-Cas9 Electroporation Knockout MSTN PRNP

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Understanding the spectrum of non-motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis:insights from animal models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 84-91页

作者： Poornima D.E.Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage Joong-Sun Kim Taekyun Shin Changjong Moon department of veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR programChonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea department of veterinary Anatomy College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research InstituteJeju National UniversityJejuRepublic of Korea

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and is generally considered to be a non-traumatic,physically debilitating neurological disorder.In addition to experiencing motor disability,patients with multiple sclerosis also experience a variety of nonmotor symptoms,including cognitive deficits,anxiety,depression,sensory impairments,and pain.However,the pathogenesis and treatment of such non-motor symptoms in multiple scle rosis are still under research.Preclinical studies for multiple sclerosis benefit from the use of disease-appropriate animal models,including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Prior to understanding the pathophysiology and developing treatments for non-motor symptoms,it is critical to chara cterize the animal model in terms of its ability to replicate certain non-motor features of multiple sclerosis.As such,no single animal model can mimic the entire spectrum of symptoms.This review focuses on the non-motor symptoms that have been investigated in animal models of multiple sclerosis as well as possible underlying mechanisms.Further,we highlighted gaps in the literature to explain the nonmotor aspects of multiple sclerosis in expe rimental animal models,which will serve as the basis for future studies.

关键词： anxiety cognitive deficit depression experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis motor disability neurological disorder pain pathophysiology preclinical study sensory impairments

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