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Antibacterial Behavior of Laser-Ablated Copper Nanoparticles

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第8期29卷 748-754页

作者： hina khalid shamaila shamaila nosheen zafar rehana sharif jawad nazir mohammad rafique sheeba ghani hussain saba department of Physics University of Engineering and Technology department of microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

Copper nanoparticles（Cu NPs） have been synthesized by using laser ablation method,using deionized water as main solvent.The formation of Cu NPs is confirmed by UV-visible spectrophotometer（UV-Vis）,atomic force microscopy（AFM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）.Cu NPs fabricated by laser ablation have diameter in the range from 14 to 55 nm.Structural analysis revealed the face-centered cubic（fcc） crystal structure of Cu NPs.The antibacterial activity of Cu NPs has been evaluated in vitro against strains of Escherichia coli（E.coli） and Staphylococcus aureus（5.aureus）.The fabricated Cu NPs show considerable antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains.The bacterial activity of Cu NPs was found to depend on the microbial species.

关键词： Laser-ablated nanoparticles UV-visible spectrophotometer Atomic force microscopy（AFM） Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus

Rational design of oral drugs targeting mucosa delivery with gut organoid platforms

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第12期30卷 116-128页

作者： Tianjian Tong Yijun Qi Derrick Rollins Luke D.Bussiere Debarpan Dhar Cathy L.Miller Chenxu Yu Qun Wang department of Agricultural Biosystem and Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Interdepartmental microbiology Program Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA department of Statistics Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

Effective oral drugs and vaccines require high delivery efficiency across the gastrointestinal epithelia and protection of medically effective payloads(i.e.,immunogens)against gastric damage.In this study,hollowed nanocarriers(NCs:silica nanospheres and gold nanocages)with poly-l-lysine(PLL)coating and mammalian orthoreovirus cell attachment proteinσ1 functionalization(NC-PLL-σ1)were explored as functional oral drug delivery vehicles(ODDVs).The transport of these ODDVs to mucosal lymphoid tissues could be facilitated by microfold cells(M-cells)mediated transcytosis(viaσ1-α2–3-linked sialic acids adherence)across gastrointestinal epithelia.PLL coating provided protection and slow-release of rhodamine 6 G(R6G),a model payload.The transport effectiveness of these ODDVs was tested on intestinal organoid monolayers in vitro.When compared with other experimental groups,the fully functionalized ODDV system(with PLL-σ1)demonstrated two significant advantages:a significantly higher transport efficiency(198%over blank control at 48 h);and protection of payloads which led to both better transport efficiency and extended-release of payloads(61%over uncoated carriers at 48 h).In addition,it was shown that the M cell presence in intestinal organoid monolayers(modulated by Rank L stimulation)was a determining factor on the transport efficiency of the ODDVs:more M-cells(induced by higher Rank L)in the organoid monolayers led to higher transport efficiency for ODDV-delivered model payload(R6G).The fully functionalized ODDVs showed great potential as effective oral delivery vehicles for drugs and vaccines.

关键词： Oral drug delivery vehicles Organoids Biomimetic virus Sigma 1 protein Gold and silica nanoparticles

Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens contamination in poultry feed ingredients:Isolation, identification and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第3期3卷 309-312页

作者： Shanmugasundaram Udhayavel Gopalakrishnamurthy Thippichettypalayam Ramasamy Vasudevan Gowthaman Shanmugasamy Malmarugan Kandasamy Senthilvel Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory Veterinary College and Research Institute CampusTamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Department of Veterinary Microbiology Veterinary College and Research InstituteTamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

This work has been undertaken to study the occurrence of Clostridium perfringens contamination in the poultry feed ingredients and find out its in-vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern to various antimicrobial drugs. Two hundred and ninety-eight poultry feed ingredient samples received at Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu in South India were screened for the presence of C. perfringens. The organisms were isolated in Perfringens agar under anaerobic condition and subjected to standard biochemical tests for confirmation. In vitro antibiogram assay has been carried out to determine the sensitivity pattern of the isolates to various antimicrobial drugs. One hundred and one isolates of C. perfringens were obtained from a total of 298 poultry feed ingredient samples. Overall positivity of 33.89% could be made from the poultry feed ingredients. Highest level of C. perfringens contamination was detected in fish meal followed by bone meal, meat and bone meal and dry fish.Antibiogram assay indicated that the organisms are highly sensitive to gentamicin(100%), chlortetracycline(96.67%), gatifloxacin(93.33%), ciprofloxacin(86.67%), ofloxacin(86.67%) and lincomycin(86.67%). All the isolates were resistant to penicillin-G. Feed ingredients rich in animal proteins are the major source of C. perfringens contamination.

关键词： Poultry feed ingredients Contamination Clostridium perfringens Isolation Identification Antibiogram

Anti Toxoplasma antibodies prevalence and associated risk factors among HIV patients

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第5期9卷 446-451页

作者： Dechassa Tegegne Mukarim Abdurahaman Tadesse Mosissa Moti Yohannes department of microbiology and veterinary Public Health Jimma University department of Natural Resource Management Jimma University

Objective: To assess the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasmosis among HIV patients in Agaro Town Health Center of Jimma zone. Methods: Convenient sampling was used to collect blood samples from 135 patients attending anti retroviral therapy from February to March 2015. Serum samples were tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii(T. gondii) antibody by using latex agglutination test. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis. Results: Overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 80.7%(109/135, CI: 74.04-87.36). In multivariate analysis significant association was observed between anti T. gondii seropositivity and raw meat consumption(OR: 3.514, CI: 1.167 10.581, P=0.025), knowledge about toxoplasmosis(OR: 5.225, CI: 1.382, P=0.015) and sex(OR: 4.023, CI: 1.382-19.762, P=0.015). Conclusions: Immuno compromised patients showed high rate of seropositivity and thus, it is highly advisable to introduce routine anti-T. gondii antibodies serological screening test prior to ART commencement.

关键词： Toxoplasma gondii HIV LAT Seroprevalence

Assessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a Wisconsin dairy farm

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 601-612页

作者： Hannah E.Pilch Andrew J.Steinberger Donald C.Sockett Nicole Aulik Garret Suen Charles J.Czuprynski department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison 53706USA department of Bacteriology University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison 53706USA microbiology Doctoral Training Program University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison 53706USA Wisconsin veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison 53706USA

Background:Sand is often considered the preferred bedding material for dairy cows as it is thought to have lower bacterial counts than organic bedding materials and cows bedded on sand experience fewer cases of lameness and disease.Sand can also be efficiently recycled and reused,making it cost-effective.However,some studies have suggested that the residual organic material present in recycled sand can serve as a reservoir for commensal and pathogenic bacteria,although no studies have yet characterized the total bacterial community composition.Here we sought to characterize the bacterial community composition of a Wisconsin dairy farm bedding sand recycling system and its dynamics across several stages of the recycling process during both summer and winter using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.Results:Bacterial community compositions of the sand recycling system differed by both seasons and stage.Summer samples had higher richness and distinct community compositions,relative to winter samples.In both summer and winter samples,the diversity of recycled sand decreased with time drying in the recycling room.Compositionally,summer sand 14 d post-recycling was enriched in operational taxonomic units(OTUs)belonging to the genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas,relative to freshly washed sand and sand from cow pens.In contrast,no OTUs were found to be enriched in winter sand.The sand recycling system contained an overall core microbiota of 141 OTUs representing 68.45%±10.33%SD of the total bacterial relative abundance at each sampled stage.The 4 most abundant genera in this core microbiota included Acinetobacter,Psychrobacter,Corynebacterium,and Pseudomonas.Acinetobacter was present in greater abundance in summer samples,whereas Psychrobacter and Corynebacterium had higher relative abundances in winter samples.Pseudomonas had consistent relative abundances across both seasons.Conclusions:These findings highlight the potential of recycled bedding sand as a bacterial reservoir that warrants further study.

关键词： Bovine Dairy farm Microbiota Recycled bedding sand 16S rRNA sequencing

Isolation, serotype diversity and antibiogram of Salmonella enterica isolated from different species of poultry in India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第7期5卷 553-559页

作者： Irfan Ahmad Mir Sudhir Kumar Kashyap Sunil Maherchandani Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-Bikaner

Objective: To study the occurrence and serotype diversity of Salmonella isolates in different species of poultry(chicken, emu and duck) and determine their resistance pattern against various antibiotics of different classes.Methods: About 507 samples comprising 202 caecal contents and 305 fecal samples from chicken, emu and duck were processed for isolation of Salmonella enterica. Salmonellae were isolated and detected by standard protocol of ISO 6579 Amendment 1: Annex D. Genetic confirmation was also made by using 16 S r RNA genus specific PCR. Serotype specific PCR was also done to detect the most common serovars viz. Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Gallinarum. All obtained isolates were subjected to a set of 25 antibiotics to study their antibiogram by using Baeur-Kirby disk diffusion method.Results: Out of 507 samples processed, 32 isolates of Salmonella enterica(18 from caecal contents and 14 from faecal samples) were obtained, of which 24 belonged to 6 different serovars, 6 were untypeable and 2 were rough strains. Salmonella Enteritidis was the most predominant serotype(9), followed by Salmonella Typhimurium(5), Salmonella Virchow(4), Salmonella Gallinarum(3), Salmonella Reading(2) and Salmonella Altona(1). Antibiotic resistance pattern was maximum(100%) to oxacillin, penicillin and clindamycin, followed by ampicillin(68.75%), tetracycline(65.62%), nalidixic acid(56.25%) and colistin(46.87%). High sensitivity of isolates was recorded for chloramphenicol(96.87%) followed by meropenem(84.37%). Conclusions: Occurrence of high proportion of serovars in our study which can cause serious gastroenteritis in humans is a matter of concern. Salmonella Altona has been detected for the first time in India from poultry. This serotype is known to cause serious outbreaks of gastroenteritis in humans. Multidrug resistant isolates were recovered at high percentage which can be attributed to non-judicious use of antibiotics both in prophylaxis and treatment regimen. This observation draws seri

关键词： Salmonellosis Food-borne Poultry

Pharmacological intervention of HIV-1 maturation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第6期5卷 493-499页

作者： Dan Wang Wuxun Lu Feng Li department of Biology and microbiology South Dakota State University department of veterinary and Biomedical Sciences South Dakota State University

Despite significant advances in antiretroviral therapy,increasing drug resistance and toxicities observed among many of the current approved human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) drugs indicate a need for discovery and development of potent and safe antivirals with a novel mechanism of action.Maturation inhibitors(MIs) represent one such new class of HIV therapies.MIs inhibit a late step in the HIV-1 Gag processing cascade,causing defective core condensation and the release of non-infectious virus particles from infected cells,thus blocking the spread of the infection to new cells.Clinical proof-ofconcept for the MIs was established with betulinic acid derived bevirimat,the prototype HIV-1 MI.Despite the discontinuation of its further clinical development in 2010 due to a lack of uniform patient response caused by naturally occurring drug resistance Gag polymorphisms,several second-generation MIs with improved activity against viruses exhibiting Gag polymorphism mediated resistance have been recently discovered and are under clinical evaluation in HIV/AID patients.In this review,current understanding of HIV-1 MIs is described and recent progress made toward elucidating the mechanism of action,target identification and development of second-generation MIs is reviewed.

关键词： HIV-1 maturation inhibitors Gag processing Gag-drug interaction Bevirimat

Larvicidal activity of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第1期8卷 31-36页

作者： Apichat Vitta Punnawat Thimpoo Wipanee Meesil Thatcha Yimthin Chamaiporn Fukruksa Raxsina Polseela Bandid Mangkit Sarunporn Tandhavanant Aunchalee Thanwisai department of microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medical Science Naresuan University Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology Naresuan University department of microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Tropical Medicine Mahidol University department of veterinary Technology Faculty of Veterinary Technology Kasetsart University

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus indica, Xenorhabdus stockiae, Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. hainanensis as a larvicide against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Methods: Larvae(L3-L4) of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were given 2 m L of a suspension 107-108 CFU/m L of each symbiotic bacterium. Distilled water and Escherichia coli ATCC襅25922 were used as the control. The mortality rate of the larval mosquitoes was observed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The experiment was performed in triplicates. Results: The larvae of both Aedes species started to die at 24 h exposure. Aedes aegypti showed the highest mortality rate(87%-99%), 96 h after exposure to Xenorhabdus stockiae(b NBP22.2_TH). The mortality rate of Aedes albopictus was between 82% and 96% at 96 h after exposure to Xenorhabdus indica(b KK26.2_TH). Low effectiveness of distilled water and Escherichia coli ATCC襅25922 were observed in both Aedes larvae, with a mortality rate of 2% to 12%. Conclusions: The study confirms the oral toxicity of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria against Aedes spp. Xenorhabdus stockiae and Xenorhabdus indica may be an alternative agent for control Aedes spp. This is basic information for further study on the mechanism of action on Aedes larvae or application to control mosquito larvae in the community.

关键词： Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Photorhabdus Xenorhabdus Larvicidal activity

Molecular analysis of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from fowl cholera infection in backyard chickens

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第1期4卷 8-12页

作者： Mohamed-Wael Abdelazeem Mohamed Moemen Abdel Azeem Mohamed Abdel Mageed department of microbiology Faculty of Veterinary medicineSouth Valley University department of Poultry Diseases Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAssiut University

Objective:To characterize Pasteurella isolated from backyard chickens using whole cell protein lysate profiles and random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)techniques to show their genetic relationship because Pasteurclla multocida(P.multocida)is an important cause of fatal infections in backyard chickens.Methods:Twenty one P.multocida isolates were recovered previously from clinical cases of fowl cholera belonging to individual owners and phenotypically analysed using biochemical tests and serotyping were used far the genetic characterization.Results:Phylogenetic study based on both methods revealed that the recovered population of P.multocida isolated from backyard chickens differs markedly,constituting a well-separated cluster and appearance of 3 distinguishing lineages with greater discrimination shown by RAPDPCR that resulted in two suclusters in cluster A and three subclusters in cluster B and were related greatly with capsular serogroups for the examined strains.The whole cell protein revealed the presence of dominant protein bands at approximately 41 and 61 kDa in all of the examined isolates that may be a virulent proteins share in the increasing of its pathogenicity.Clear distinctive bands ranged from 123 to 1534 bp.Conclusions:Based on the previous findings,there are three spreading clusters that may indicate the association of a small number of P.multocida variants with the majority of cases suggesting that certain clones of P.multocida are able to colonue the examined backyard chickens.Also,the ease and rapidity of RAPD-PCR support the use of this technique as alternative to the more labour-intensive SDS-PACE system for strain differentiation and epidemiological studies of avian P.multocida.Further application of RAPD technology to the examination of avian cholera outbreaks in commercially available flocks may facilitate more effective management of this disease by providing the potential to investigate correlations of P.multocida genotypes,to identify affiliations between bird types and bacterial genot

关键词： Pasteurella multocida Chickens Variation Molecular characterization