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Enhancing the Decomposition of Paper Cups Using Galleria Mellonella and Eisenia Fetida

Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第2期12卷 349-367页

作者： Shadi Moqbel Habib Al-Ghoul Abd Al-Majeed Al-Ghzawi Rami Mukbel Civil Engineering department The University of JordanAmman11942Jordan department of Chemistry Technical University of MunichMunichGermany Plant production Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid22110Jordan Basic Medical veterinary Sciences Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid22110Jordan

The composition of paper cups creates a challenge for the recycling industry,as the paperboard–plastic film composite is hard to separate.Therefore,paper cups are sent to landfills or waste incinerators.This study explores the combined use of red worms(Eisenia fetida)and Greater wax moth(Galleria mellonella)in the biodegradation of paper cups.The study investigates the conditions and combinations that promote using Eisenia fetida and Galleria mellonella for degrading paper cups.The study considered the influence of environmental temperature,the presence of food waste,varying the number of Eisenia fetida worms,and the presence of a Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agent on the degradation process.To achieve the study objectives,the study followed a quantitative approach.The study monitored the degradation of paper cup cuts that were placed in jars containing different combinations of Eisenia fetida worms,Galleria mellonella larvae,food waste,bedding material,and Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agents.The study found that the best operating temperature is 30oC.The study found that using food waste improves the performance of Eisenia fetida worms and Galleria mellonella larvae significantly.The study found that adding a Galleria mellonella growth-slowing agent slightly enhances the degradation of the paper cup.Finally,a numerical model was obtained to simulate the paper cup degradation efficiency.

关键词： Paper cups resource recovery recycling circular economy Galleria mellonella Eisenia fetida

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Monogenic deficiency in murine intestinal Cdc42 leads to mucosal inflammation that induces crypt dysplasia

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 413-429页

作者： Dongsheng Zhang Wenjuan Tang Haitao Niu William Tse Hai-Bin Ruan Helmut Dolznig Thomas Knosel Friedrich Karl-Heinz Madeleine Themanns Jiang Wang Mingquan Song Lee Denson Lukas Kenner Richard Moriggl Yi Zheng Xiaonan Han Division of Hematology and Oncology Division of Cancer BiologyDepartment of MedicineMetroHealth Medical Center(MHMC)Case Western Reserve University(CWRU)School of MedicineClevelandOH 44109USA Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Program Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University(CWRU)ClevelandOH 44106USA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center(CCHMC)CincinnatiOH 45229USA Children’s Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 201102China School of medicine Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510632China Laboratory animal Science(ILAS) Chinese Academy of Medical Science(CAMS)and Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)Beijing 100006China department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMI 55455USA Institute of Medical Genetics Medical University of ViennaVienna 1040Austria Institute of Pathology Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichMunich 80539Germany Institute of Biochemistry II University Hospital JenaJena 07743Germany Laboratory animal Pathology University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVienna 1210Austria department of Pathology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221USA department of Gastroenterology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong 266005China department of Pathology Medical University of ViennaVienna 1040Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research Vienna 1090Austria Medical University of Vienna Vienna 1040Austria Institute of animal Breeding and Genetics University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVienna 1210Austria Division of Experimental Hematology CCHMCCincinnatiOH 45229USA

CDC42 controls intestinal epithelial(IEC)stem cell(IESC)division.How aberrant CDC42 initiates intestinal inflammation or neoplasia is unclear.We utilized models of inflam-matory bowel diseases(IBD),colorectal cancer,aging,and IESC injury to determine the loss of intestinal Cdc42 upon inflammation and neoplasia.Intestinal specimens were collected to determine the levels of CDC42 in IBD or colorectal cancer.Cdc42 floxed mice were crossed with Villin-Cre,Villin-CreERT2 and/or Lgr5-eGFP-IRES-CreERT2,or Bmi1-CreERT2 mice to generate Cdc42 deficient mice.Irradiation,colitis,aging,and intestinal organoid were used to evaluate CDC42 upon mucosal inflammation,IESC/progenitor regenerative capacity,and IEC repair.Our studies revealed that increased CDC42 in colorectal cancer correlated with lower survival;in contrast,lower levels of CDC42 were found in the inflamed IBD colon.Colonic Cdc42 depletion significantly reduced Lgr5+IEsCs,increased progenitors'hyperplasia,and induced mucosal inflammation,which led to crypt dysplasia.Colonic Cdc42 depletion markedly enhanced irra-diation-or chemical-induced colitis.Depletion or inhibition of Cdc42 reduced colonic Lgr5+IESC regeneration.In conclusion,depletion of Cdc42 reduces the IESC regeneration and IEC repair,leading to prolonged mucosal inflammation.Constitutive monogenic loss of Cdc42 in-duces mucosal inflammation,which could result in intestinal neoplasia in the context of aging.

关键词： Cell divisioncycle 42(CDC42) Colitis Colorectal cancer(CRC) Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) Intestinal epithelial cell(IEC) Intestinal epithelial stem cell(IESC) Irradiation

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Layer chicken microbiota:a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics across all major gut sections

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1056-1070页

作者： Yadav Sharma Bajagai Thi Thu Hao Van Nitish Joat Kapil Chousalkar Robert J.Moore Dragana Stanley Institute for Future Farming Systems Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia School of animal and veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia

Background The gut microbiota influences chicken health,welfare,and productivity.A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth,efficient feed utilisation,a well-developed immune system,disease resistance,and stress tolerance in chickens.Previous studies on chicken gut microbiota have predominantly focused on broiler chickens and have usually been limited to one or two sections of the digestive system,under con-trolled research environments,and often sampled at a single time point.To extend these studies,this investigation examined the microbiota of commercially raised layer chickens across all major gut sections of the digestive system and with regular sampling from rearing to the end of production at 80 weeks.The aim was to build a detailed picture of microbiota development across the entire digestive system of layer chickens and study spatial and temporal dynamics.Results The taxonomic composition of gut microbiota differed significantly between birds in the rearing and pro-duction stages,indicating a shift after laying onset.Similar microbiota compositions were observed between proven-triculus and gizzard,as well as between jejunum and ileum,likely due to their anatomical proximity.Lactobacil-lus dominated the upper gut in pullets and the lower gut in older birds.The oesophagus had a high proportion of Proteobacteria,including opportunistic pathogens such as Gallibacterium.Relative abundance of Gallibacterium increased after peak production in multiple gut sections.Aeriscardovia was enriched in the late-lay phase compared to younger birds in multiple gut sections.Age influenced microbial richness and diversity in different organs.The upper gut showed decreased diversity over time,possibly influenced by dietary changes,while the lower gut,specifi-cally cecum and colon,displayed increased richness as birds matured.However,age-related changes were inconsist-ent across all organs,suggesting the influence of organ-specific factors in microbiota maturation.Conclusion Addressing a gap in

关键词： Chicken microbiota Gut microbiota Layers Spatial variation Temporal variation

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Irisin/BDNF signaling in the muscle-brain axis and circadian system: A review

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2024年第1期38卷 1-16页

作者： Alexey N.Inyushkin Vitalii S.Poletaev Elena M.Inyushkina Igor S.Kalberdin Andrey A.Inyushkin department of Human&animal Physiology Samara National Research UniversitySamara 443011Russia.

In mammals,the timing of physiological,biochemical and behavioral processes over a 24-h period is controlled by circadian rhythms.To entrain the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus to a precise 24-h rhythm,environmental zeitgebers are used by the circadian system.This is done primarily by signals from the retina via the retinohypothalamic tract,but other cues like exercise,feeding,temperature,anxiety,and social events have also been shown to act as non-photic zeitgebers.The recently identified myokine irisin is proposed to serve as an entraining non-photic signal of exercise.Irisin is a product of cleavage and modification from its precursor membrane fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)in response to exercise.Apart from well-known peripheral effects,such as inducing the"browning"of white adipocytes,irisin can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and display the effects on the brain.Experimental data suggest that FNDC5/irisin mediates the positive effects of physical activity on brain functions.In several brain areas,irisin induces the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).In the master clock,a significant role in gating photic stimuli in the retinohypothalamic synapse for BDNF is suggested.However,the brain receptor for irisin remains unknown.In the current review,the interactions of physical activity and the irisin/BDNF axis with the circadian system are reconceptualized.

关键词： irisin brain-derived neurotrophic factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator 1α circadian rhythm circadian system muscle-brain axis

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A novel live attenuated vaccine candidate protects chickens against subtype B avian metapneumovirus

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1658-1670页

作者： Lingzhai Meng Mengmeng Yu Suyan Wang Yuntong Chen Yuanling Bao Peng Liu Xiaoyan Feng Tana He Ru Guo Tao Zhang Mingxue Hu Changjun Liu Xiaole Qi Kai Li Li Gao Yanping Zhang Hongyu Cui Yulong Gao Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteChineseAcademy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin150069China Avian ImmunosuppressiveDiseases DivisionStateKey LaboratoryforAnimal Disease Cont National Poultry Laboratory animal Resource Center Harbin 150069China

Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes acute upper respiratory tract diseases in chickens and turkeys, resulting in serious economic losses. Subtype B aMPV has recently become the dominant epidemic strain in China. We developed an attenuated aMPV subtype B strain by serial passaging in Vero cells and evaluated its safety and efficacy as a vaccine candidate. The safety test showed that after the 30th passage, the LN16-A strain was fully attenuated, as clinical signs of infection and histological lesions were absent after inoculation.The LN16-A strain did not revert to a virulent strain after five serial passages in chickens. The genomic sequence of LN16-A differed from that of the parent wild-type LN16(wtLN16) strain and had nine amino acid mutations. In chickens, a single immunization with LN16-A induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, including the abundant production of neutralizing antibodies, CD4^(+) T lymphocytes, and the Th1(IFN-γ) and Th2(IL-4 and IL-6)cytokines. We also confirmed that LN16-A provided 100% protection against subtype B aMPV and significantly reduced viral shedding and turbinate inflammation. Our findings suggest that the LN16-A strain is a promising live attenuated vaccine candidate that can prevent infection with subtype B aMPV.

关键词： avian metapneumovirus attenuated protection vaccine candidate chickens

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Newcastle Disease in Chickens of Smallholder Farmers at Krang Yov Commune S’ang District,Kandal Province

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2024年第2期13卷 68-75页

作者： Sokha Thim Chhay Kheang Lim Kroesna Kang Sath Keo Vutey Venn Kouch Theng Faculty of veterinary medicine Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia General Directorate of animal Health and production Phnom Penh 120603Cambodia Graduate School Royal University of AgriculturePhnom Penh 12400Cambodia

The study was conducted in Krang Yov commune,S’ang district,Kandal province and was conducted in three villages,including Kampong Po,Andong and Svay Damnak village.In the total,88 families were selected for interview by using snowball technic of nonprobability sampling.According to the results of the interviews,it showed that the number of farmers who raised chickens and had participated in training was very low number,ranging from 10.71%to 34.38%.For chicken raising system,the free ranging was the most popular by allowing the chicken to scavenge around the village,however,the total confinement was also applied.The local breed was more popular and the purpose of raising was for selling meat,however there were few households that raised the fighting cock for hobby.The number of chickens owned per household,was mostly less than 20 birds,while,the average number of birds per household ranged from 16.82 birds to 37.66 birds.However,the average number of birds per household was significant different between the households who have participated in chicken raising training and those who never participated(pmedicine from the store and treatment by themselves were mostly applicable.Regarding the specific case of Newcastle disea

关键词： Raising system vaccination biosecurity ND

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The effect of abiotic stresses on plant C:N:P homeostasis and their mitigation by silicon

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 340-353页

作者： Milton Garcia Costa Renato de Mello Prado Luiz Fabiano Palaretti Jonas Pereira de Souza Júnior department of Agricultural production Science School of Agricultural and Veterinarian SciencesSão Paulo State UniversityJaboticabalBrazil

In crop plants, various environmental stresses affect the balance of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus(C:N:P), leading to biochemical and physiological alterations and reductions in yield. Silicon(Si) is a beneficial element that alleviates plant stress. Most studies involving silicon have focused on physiological responses, such as improvements in photosynthetic processes, water use efficiency, and antioxidant defense systems. But recent research suggests that stressed plants facing either limited or excessive resources(water, light, nutrients, and toxic elements), strategically employ Si to maintain C:N:P homeostasis, thereby minimizing biomass losses. Understanding the role of Si in mitigating the impact of abiotic stresses on plants by regulating C:N:P homeostasis holds great potential for advancing sustainable agricultural practices in crop production. This review presents recent advances in characterizing the influence of environmental stresses on C:N:P homeostasis, as well as the role of Si in preserving C:N:P equilibrium and attenuating biological damage associated with abiotic stress. It underscores the beneficial effects of Si in sustaining C:N:P homeostasis and increasing yield via improved nutritional efficiency and stress mitigation.

关键词： Nutritional stoichiometry Elemental stoichiometry Beneficial element Environmental stresses Nutritional efficiency Carbon use efficiency Agricultural sustainability

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Molecular characterization of an outbreak-involved Bacillus anthracis strain confirms the spillover of anthrax from West Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 93-94页

作者： Shuchao Wang Roland Suluku Mohamed B.Jalloh Ahmed F.Samba Baogui Jiang Yubiao Xie Doris Harding Mengyao Zhang Foday Sahr Mahmud E.Sesay James S.Squire Mohamed A.Vandi Moinina N.Kallon Shoufeng Zhang Rongliang Hu Yuee Zhao Zhiqiang Mi Changchun veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China department of animal Sciences School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone department of Microbiology College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sciences Freetown Sierra Leone Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China Ministry of Health and Sanitation Freetown Sierra Leone Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China

Background Anthrax,a zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis,remains a major global public health concern,especially in countries with limited resources.Sierra Leone,a West African country historically plagued by anthrax,has almost been out of report on this disease in recent decades.In this study,we described a large-scale anthrax outbreak affecting both animals and humans and attempted to characterize the path-ogenusingmoleculartechniques.Methods The causative agent of the animal outbreak in Port Loko District,Sierra Leone,between March and May 2022 was identified using the nanopore sequencing technique.A nationwide active surveillance was implemented from May 2022 to June 2023 to monitor the occurrence of anthrax-specific symptoms in humans.Suspected cases were subsequently verified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Full-genome sequencing was accomplished by combining long-read and short-read sequencing methods.Subsequent phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the full-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms.Results The outbreak in Port Loko District,Sierra Leone,led to the death of 233 animals between March 26th and May 16th,2022.We ruled out the initial suspicion of Anaplasma species and successfully identified B.anthracis as the causative agent of the outbreak.As a result of the government's prompt response,out of the 49 suspected human cases identifed during the one-year active surveillance,only 6 human cases tested positive,all within the frst month after the official declaration of the outbreak.The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BaSL2022 isolate responsible for the outbreak was positioned in the A.Br.153 clade within the TransEuroAsian group of B.anthracis.Conclusions We successfully identifed a large-scale anthrax outbreak in Sierra Leone.The causative isolate of B.anthracis,BaSL2022,phylogenetically bridged other lineages in A.Br.153 clade and neighboring genetic groups,A.Br.144 and A.Br.148,eventually confirming the spillover of anthrax f

关键词： Molecular identification Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Sierra Leone Phylogeny Single nucleotide polymorphism

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Enhancement of porcine in vitro embryonic development through luteolin‑mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 600-613页

作者： Se-Been Jeon Pil-Soo Jeong Min Ju Kim Hyo-Gu Kang Bong-Seok Song Sun-Uk Kim Seong-Keun Cho Bo-Woong Sim Futuristic animal Resource&Research Center(FARRC) Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)Cheongju 28116Republic of Korea department of animal Science College of Natural Resources&Life SciencePusan National UniversityMiryang 50463Republic of Korea department of animal Science and Biotechnology College of Agriculture and Life ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea department of Functional Genomics University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea department of animal Science Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute(RICRI)College of Natural Resources&Life SciencePusan National UniversityMiryang 50463Republic of Korea

Background Oxidative stress,caused by an imbalance in the production and elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),has been recognized for its detrimental effects on mammalian embryonic development.Luteolin(Lut)has been documented for its protective effects against oxidative stress in various studies.However,its specific role in embryonic development remains unexplored.This study aims to investigate the influence of Lut on porcine embryonic development and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.Results After undergoing parthenogenetic activation(PA)or in vitro fertilization,embryos supplemented with 0.5μmol/L Lut displayed a significant enhancement in cleavage and blastocyst formation rates,with an increase in total cell numbers and a decrease in the apoptosis rate compared to the control.Measurements on D2 and D6 revealed that embryos with Lut supplementation had lower ROS levels and higher glutathione levels compared to the control.Moreover,Lut supplementation significantly augmented mitochondrial content and membrane potential.Intriguingly,activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway was observed in embryos supplemented with Lut,leading to the upregulation of antioxidant-related gene transcription levels.To further validate the relationship between the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and effects of Lut in porcine embryonic development,we cultured PA embryos in a medium supplemented with brusatol,with or without the inclusion of Lut.The positive effects of Lut on developmental competence were negated by brusatol treatment.Conclusions Our findings indicate that Lut-mediated activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway contributes to the enhanced production of porcine embryos with high developmental competence,and offers insight into the mechanisms regulating early embryonic development.

关键词： Luteolin Mitochondrial function Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway Oxidative stress Porcine embryo development

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Pyronaridine combined with diminazene aceturate inhibits Babesia in vitro and in vivo

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第3期14卷 93-99页

作者： Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed Mohamed Z.Sayed-Ahmed Shaimaa Ahmed Awad Ali Nourah Alsadaan Nawazish Alam Mahmoud S.Alkhoudary Ikuo Igarashi Mohamed Abdo Rizk National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineInada-ChoObihiroHokkaido 080-8555Japan department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt department of Clinical Pharmacy College of PharmacyJazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Medical-Surgical department College of NursingJouf UniversitySakaka 72388Saudi Arabia Critical Care and Emergency Nursing Faculty of NursingMansoura UniversityEgypt College of Nursing Jouf UniversitySakaka 72388Saudi Arabia Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura UniversityMansoura 35516DakahliaEgypt department of Internal medicine and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt

Objective:To evaluate the combination therapy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate against Babesia in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis was performed using atom pair fingerprints.An in vitro combination test was performed against Babesia bovis and Theileria equi.Moreover,the in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy of pyronaridine tetraphosphate in combination with diminazene aceturate was investigated against the growth of Babesia microti in mice using a fluorescence inhibitory assay.Results:Pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate exhibited nearly similar molecular weights.The in vitro combination of pyronaridine tetraphosphate and diminazene aceturate was synergistic on Babesia bovis and additive on Theileria equi.In addition,5 mg/kg pyronaridine tetraphosphate combined with 10 mg/kg diminazene aceturate inhibited Babesia microti growth significantly compared with those observed after treatment with 25 mg/kg diminazene aceturate alone from day 6 post treatment to day 12 post treatment.The combination therapy also normalized the hematological parameters of infected mice.Conclusions:An oral dose of pyronaridine tetraphosphate combined with a subcutaneous dose of diminazene aceturate inhibits Babesia in vitro and in mice,suggesting it might be a new paradigm for the treatment of babesiosis.

关键词： Babesia Pyronaridine tetraphosphate Diminazene aceturate Babesiosis Theileria

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