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Increased glacier melt enhances future extreme floods in the southern Tibetan Plateau

Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 431-441页

作者： He SUN Tan-Dong YAO Feng-Ge SU Tinghai Ou Zhihua HE Guoqiang TANG Deliang CHEN State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau earth System Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Centre for Hydrology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon S7N 1K2Canada Climate and Global dynamics National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulder CO 80307USA

Mountainous areas are of special hydrological concern because topography and atmospheric conditions can result in large and sudden floods,posing serious risks to water-related safety in neighbouring *** Yarlung Zangbo(YZ)River basin is the largest river basin on the Tibetan Plateau(TP),but how floods will discharge in this basin and how the role of glacier melt in floods will change throughout the 21st-century under shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios(SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5)remain ***,we comprehensively address this scientific question based on a well-validated large-scale glacier-hydrology *** results indicate that extreme floods was projected to increase in the YZ basin,and was mainly reflected in increased duration(4–10 d per decade)and intensity(153–985 m^(3)s^(−1)per decade).Glacier runoff was projected to increase(2–30 mm per decade)throughout the 21st-century,but there was also a noticeable decrease or deceleration in glacier runoff growth in the late first half of the century under the SSP2-4.5,and in the latter half of the century under the *** melt was projected to enhance the duration(12%–23%)and intensity(15%–21%)of extreme floods under both SSPs,which would aggravate the impact of future floods on the socioeconomics of the YZ *** effect was gradually overwhelmed by precipitation-induced floods from glacier areas to YZ *** study takes the YZ basin as a projection framework example to help enrich the understanding of future flood hazards in basins affected by rainfall-or meltwater across the TP,and to help policy-makers and water managers develop future plans.

关键词： floods glacier Tibetan

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Exploring the combination of biochar‐amended soil and automated irrigation technology for water regulation and preservation in green infrastructure

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第1期3卷 39-52页

作者： Honghu Zhu Yuanxu Huang Haihong Song Jian Chen Songlei Han Tanwee Mazumder Ankit Garg School of earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina department of Civil and Smart Engineering Construction Guangdong Engineering Center for Structure Safety and Health MonitoringShantou UniversityShantouChina Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Co. LtdShanghaiChina Indian Institute of Technology Madras ChennaiIndia

Biochar is a carbon sink material with the potential to improve water retention in various ***,for the long‐term maintenance of green infrastructure,there is an additional need to regulate the water contents in the covers to maintain vegetation growth in semiarid *** this study,biochar‐amended soil was combined with subsurface drip irrigation,and the water preservation characteristics of this treatment were investigated through a series of one‐dimensional soil column *** ascertain the best treatment method specific to semiarid climatic conditions,the test soil was amended with 0%,1%,3%,and 5%*** irrigation devices equipped with soil moisture sensors were used to control the subsurface water content with the aim of enhancing vegetation *** soil column test lasted 150 h,during which the volumetric water contents and soil suction data were *** experimental results reveal that the soil specimen amended with 3%biochar is the most water‐saving regardless of the time *** with a higher biochar content(e.g.,5%)consumes a more significant amount of water due to the enhancement of the water‐holding *** on the experimental results,it can be concluded that the appropriate ratio can be determined within 1%–3%,which can reduce not only the amount of irrigated/used water but also the time *** technology can be explored for water content regulation in green infrastructure and the development of barriers for protecting the environment around deep underground waste containment.

关键词： biochar drip irrigation underground water preservation water regulation

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Structural Geology and Chronology of Shear Zones along the Shangdan Suture in Qinling Orogenic Belt,China:Implications for Late Mesozoic Intra-Continental Deformation of East Asia

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Journal of earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 376-393页

作者： Falak Sheir Wei Li Le Zhang Basil Alabowsh Liuqing Jiang Li Liang Sainan Gao Shair Baz Umar Ashraf State Key Laboratory of Continental dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an710069China Institute of Geology University of PunjabLahore45590Pakistan

The Shangdan suture zone(SDZ)in the Qinling orogenic belt(QOB)is a key to understanding the East Asia tectonic *** SDZ gives information about convergent processes between the North China Block(NCB)and South China Block(SCB).In the Late Mesozoic,several shear zones evolved along the SDZ boundary that helps us comprehend the collisional deformation between the NCB and SCB,which was neglected in previous *** shear zones play an essential role in the tectonic evolution of the East Asia *** study focuses on the deformation and geochronology of two shear zones distributed along the SDZ,identified in the Shaliangzi and Maanqiao *** shear sense indicators and kinematic vorticity numbers(0.54–0.90)suggest these shear zones have sinistral shear and sub-simple shear deformation *** quartz’s dynamic recrystallization and c-axis fabric analysis in the Maanqiao shear zone(MSZ)revealed that the MSZ experienced deformation under green-schist facies conditions at∼400–500℃.The Shaliangzi shear zone deformed under amphibolite facies at∼500–700℃.The^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar(muscovite-biotite)dating of samples provided a plateau age of 121–123 *** with previously published data,our results concluded that QOB was dominated by compressional tectonics during the Late Early ***,we suggested that the Siberian Block moved back to the south and Lhasa-Qiantang-Indochina Block to the north,which promoted intra-continental compressional tectonics.

关键词： Qinling orogenic belt Shangdan suture zone shear zone Late Mesozoic intra-continental deformation East Asia tectonics

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Efficient Spin-Flip between Charge-Transfer States for High-Performance Electroluminescence, without an Intermediate Locally Excited State

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 339-349页

作者： Donghai Zhang Shanshan Jiang Xiaodong Tao Fulin Lin Lingyi Meng Xu-Lin Chen Can-Zhong Lu State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhouFujian 350002China Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China FuzhouFujian 350108China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstitutesChinese Academy of SciencesXiamenFujian 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)materials with both high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)and fast reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)are strongly desired to realize efficient and stable organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).Control of excited-state dynamics via molecular design plays a central role in optimizing the PLQY and RISC rate of TADF materials but remains ***,3 TADF emitters possessing similar molecular structures,similar high PLQYs(89.5%to 96.3%),and approximate energy levels of the lowest excited singlet states(S_(1)),but significantly different spin-flipping RISC rates(0.03×10^(6) s^(−1) vs.2.26×10^(6) s^(−1))and exciton lifetime(297.1 to 332.8μs vs.6.0μs)were systematically synthesized to deeply investigate the feasibility of spin-flip between charge-transfer excited states(^(3)CT–^(1)CT)transition.

关键词： transition lifetime desired

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Stress tensor determination by modified hydraulic tests on pre-existing fractures:Method and stress constraints

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1637-1648页

作者： Guiyun Gao Chenghu Wang Ke Gao National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing100085China Beijing Engineering Research Center of earthquake Observation Beijing100085China Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards dynamics Ministry of Emergency Management of ChinaBeijing100085China department of earth and Space Sciences Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China

The hydraulic testing of pre-existing fractures(HTPF)is one of the most promising in situ stress measurement methods,particularly for three-dimensional stress tensor ***,the stress tensor determination based on the HTPF method requires at least six tests or a minimum of 14-15 tests(under different conditions)for reliable *** this study,we modified the HTPF method by considering the shear stress on each pre-existing fracture,which increased the number of equations for the stress tensor determination and decreased the number of tests *** shear stresses were attributed to different fractures by random sampling;therefore,the stress tensors were obtained by searching for the optimal solution using the least squares criterion based on the Monte Carlo ***,we constrained the stress tensor based on the tensile strength criterion,compressive strength criterion,and vertical stress *** inverted stress tensors were presented and analyzed based on the tensorial nature of the stress using the Euclidean mean stress *** stress-measurement campaigns in Weifang(Shandong Province,China)and Mercantour road tunnel(France)were implemented to highlight the validity and efficiency of the modified HTPF(M-HTPF)*** results showed that the M-HTPF method can be applied for stress tensor inversion using only three to four tests on pre-existing fractures,neglecting the stress *** inversion results were confined to relatively small distribution dispersions and were significantly reliable and stable due to the shear stresses on the fractures and the stress constraints *** M-HTPF method is highly feasible and efficient for complete stress tensor determination in a single borehole.

关键词： Stress tensor Hydraulic tests on pre-existing fractures Mean stress Stress constraint Hydraulic fracturing

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SnIP-type atomic-scale inorganic double-helix semiconductors: Synthesis, properties, and applications

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2111-2128页

作者： Mudussar Ali Bowen Zhang Muhammad Khurram Qingfeng Yan Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare earth Materials(Ministry of Education) Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Flexible inorganic double helical semiconductors similar to DNA have fueled the demand for efficient materials with innovative structures and excellent *** recent discovery of tin phosphide iodide(SnIP),the first carbon-free double helical semiconductor at an atomic level,has opened new avenues of research for semiconducting devices such as thermoelectric and sensor devices,solar cells,and *** has drawn significant academic attention due to its high structural flexibility,band gap in the visible spectrum range,and non-toxic ***,the recent progress in developing SnIP,including its prestigious structure,versatile and intriguing properties,and synthesis,is *** analogues of SnIP and SnIP-based hybrid materials and their applications in photocatalysis are also ***,the review concludes with a critical summary and future aspects of this new inorganic semiconductor.

关键词： tin phosphide iodide(SnIP) inorganic semiconductor inorganic double helix SnIP-based hybrids photocatalysis flexible material

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Thermal History of Cambrian Burgess Shale-Type Deposits:New Insights from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang and Qingjiang Fossils of South China

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Journal of earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1215-1223页

作者： Yuheng Qiao Linhao Cui Guangyuan Xing Dongjing Fu Chao Chang Robert Gaines Xingliang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Continental dynamics Shaanxi Key laboratory of Early Life and EnvironmentsDepartment of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an710069China department of Geology Pomona CollegeClaremontCA91711USA

Burgess Shale-type deposits provide a wealth of information on the early evolution of *** that are central to understanding the exceptional preservation of these biotas and the paleoenvironments they inhabited may be obscured by the post-depositional alteration due to metamorphism at depth and weathering near the earth’s *** over 50 Cambrian BST biotas,the Chengjiang and Qingjiang deposits are well known for their richness of soft-bodied taxa,fidelity of preservation,and Early Cambrian *** alteration via weathering has been well-investigated,the thermal maturity of the units bearing the two biotas has not yet been *** we investigate peak metamorphic temperatures of the two deposits using two independent *** gradient analyses demonstrate that the most fossiliferous sections of the Chengjiang were buried at a maximum depth of∼8500 m in the Early Triassic,corresponding to∼300°C,while the type area of the Qingjiang biota was buried at a maximum depth of∼8700 m in the Early Jurassic,corresponding to∼240°*** geothermometer analyses of fossil carbonaceous material demonstrate that peak temperatures varied across localities with different burial *** two productive sections of the Chengjiang biota were thermally altered at a peak temperature of approximately 300°C,and the main locality of the Qingjiang biota experienced a peak temperature of 238±22°*** results from two independent methods are *** BST deposits for which thermal maturity has been documented,the Qingjiang biota is the least thermally mature,and therefore holds promise for enriching our understanding of BST deposits.

关键词： the Chengjiang Biota the Qingjiang Biota burial history Raman geothermometer thermal history Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätte

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A Neural-network-based Alternative Scheme to Include Nonhydrostatic Processes in an Atmospheric Dynamical Core

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1083-1099,I0002,I0003页

作者： Yang XIA Bin WANG Lijuan LI Li LIU Jianghao LI Li DONG Shiming XU Yiyuan LI Wenwen XIA Wenyu HUANG Juanjuan LIU Yong WANG Hongbo LIU Ye PU Yujun HE Kun XIA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for earth System Modeling and Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Group 311020008 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhai 519000China Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center Shanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of earth System Modeling and Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China College of Ocean Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Here,a nonhydrostatic alternative scheme(NAS)is proposed for the grey zone where the nonhydrostatic impact on the atmosphere is evident but not large enough to justify the necessity to include an implicit nonhydrostatic solver in an atmospheric dynamical *** NAS is designed to replace this solver,which can be incorporated into any hydrostatic models so that existing well-developed hydrostatic models can effectively serve for a longer *** advances in machine learning(ML)provide a potential tool for capturing the main complicated nonlinear-nonhydrostatic *** this study,an ML approach called a neural network(NN)was adopted to select leading input features and develop the *** NNs were trained and evaluated with 12-day simulation results of dry baroclinic-wave tests by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)*** forward time difference of the nonhydrostatic tendency was used as the target variable,and the five selected features were the nonhydrostatic tendency at the last time step,and four hydrostatic variables at the current step including geopotential height,pressure in two different forms,and potential temperature,***,a practical NAS was developed with these features and trained layer by layer at a 20-km horizontal resolution,which can accurately reproduce the temporal variation and vertical distribution of the nonhydrostatic *** by the NN-based NAS,the improved hydrostatic solver at different horizontal resolutions can run stably for at least one month and effectively reduce most of the nonhydrostatic errors in terms of system bias,anomaly root-mean-square error,and the error of the wave spatial pattern,which proves the feasibility and superiority of this scheme.

关键词： neural network nonhydrostatic alternative scheme atmospheric model dynamical core

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A stable implicit nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)for modelling saturated soil dynamics

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2172-2183页

作者： Liang Wang Xue Zhang Jingjing Meng Qinghua Lei department of earth Sciences ETH ZürichZürich8092Switzerland department of Civil Engineering and Industrial Design University of LiverpoolLiverpoolL693BXUK department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleå97187Sweden department of earth Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsala75105Sweden

In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated *** approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a generalised Hellinger-Reissner(HR)variational principle,creating an implicit PFEM *** mitigate the volumetric locking issue in low-order elements,we employ a node-based strain smoothing *** discretising field variables at the centre of smoothing cells,we achieve nodal integration over cells,eliminating the need for sophisticated mapping operations after re-meshing in the *** express the discretised governing equations as a min-max optimisation problem,which is further reformulated as a standard second-order cone programming(SOCP)***,pore water pressure,and displacements are simultaneously determined using the advanced primal-dual interior point ***,our numerical model offers improved accuracy for stresses and pore water pressure compared to the displacement-based PFEM *** experiments demonstrate that the N-PFEM efficiently captures both transient and long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated soils with high accuracy,obviating the need for stabilisation or regularisation techniques commonly employed in other nodal integration-based PFEM *** work holds significant implications for the development of robust and accurate numerical tools for studying saturated soil dynamics.

关键词： Particle finite element method Nodal integration Dynamic saturated media Second-order cone programming(SOCP)

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Recent advances in the magnetic reconnection, dipolarization, and auroral processes at giant planets from the perspective of comparative planetology

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 659-672页

作者： ZhongHua Yao RuiLong Guo Yong Wei Bertrand Bonfond Denis Grodent BinZheng Zhang William R.Dunn ZuYin Pu Key Laboratory of earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire STAR InstituteUniversitéde Liège Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong University department of earth Sciences the University of Hong Kong department of Physics and Astronomy University College London School of earth and Space Sciences Peking University

Magnetic reconnection and dipolarization are crucial processes driving magnetospheric dynamics, including particle energization, mass circulation, and auroral processes, among others. Recent studies have revealed that these processes at Saturn and Jupiter are fundamentally different from the ones at earth. The reconnection and dipolarization processes are far more important than previously expected in the dayside magnetodisc of Saturn and potentially Jupiter. Dayside magnetodisc reconnection was directly identified by using Cassini measurements(Guo RL et al., 2018b) and was found to be drizzle-like and rotating in the magnetosphere of Saturn(Delamere et al., 2015b; Yao ZH et al., 2017a; Guo RL et al., 2019). Moreover, magnetic dipolarization could also exist at Saturn's dayside(Yao ZH et al., 2018), which is fundamentally different from the terrestrial situation. These new results significantly improve our understanding of giant planetary magnetospheric dynamics and provide key insights revealing the physics of planetary aurorae. Here, we briefly review these recent advances and their potential implications for future investigations.

关键词： magnetosphere magnetic reconnection magnetic depolarization

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