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Cutting edge preparation of microdrills by shear thickening polishing for improved hole quality in electronic PCBs

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期19卷 99-107页

作者： Jiahuan WANG Mingfeng KE Jiepei LIAO Yu ZHOU Saurav GOEL Jaya VERMA Xu WANG Weigang GUO Julong YUAN Binghai LYU College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310000China Ultra-precision Machining Center Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing TechnologyZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310000China School of Engineering London South Bank UniversityLondon SE10AAUK Shenzhen Jinzhou Precision Technology Corporation Shenzhen 518116China department of Mechanical Engineering University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun 248007India special Equipment Institute Hangzhou Vocational&Technical CollegeHangzhou 310018China

Printed circuit boards(PCBs)are representative composite materials,and their high-quality drilling machining remains a persistent challenge in the *** finishing of the cutting edge of a microdrill is crucial to drill performance in machining fine-quality holes with a prolonged tool *** miniature size involving submicron scale geometric dimensions,a complex flute shape,and low fracture toughness makes the cutting edge of microdrills susceptible to breakage and has been the primary limiting factor in edge preparation for *** this study,a newly developed cutting edge preparation method for microdrills was tested experimentally on electronic printed circuit *** proposed method,namely,shear thickening polishing,limited the cutting edge burrs and chipping on the cutting edge,and this in turn transformed the cutting edge’s radius from being sharp to ***,the edge–edge radius could be regulated by adjusting the processing *** drilling experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of different cutting edge radii on wear,hole position accuracy,nail head value,and hole wall *** proposed approach showed 20%enhancement in hole position accuracy,33%reduction in the nail head value,and 19%reduction in hole wall roughness compared with the original ***,a threshold is needed;without it,excessive shear thickening polishing will result in a blunt edge,which may accelerate the wear of the *** was identified as the primary factor that reduced hole *** study indicates that in printed circuit board machining,microdrills should effectively eliminate grinding defects and maintain the sharpness of the cutting edge as much as possible to obtain excellent drilling ***,shear thickening polishing is a promising method for cutting edge preparation of *** research and optimization can lead to additional improvements in microdrill performance and contribute to the conti

关键词： microdrill shear thickening polishing cutting edge preparation electronic printed circuit boards hole quality

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A Survey on Chinese Sign Language Recognition:From Traditional Methods to Artificial Intelligence

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 1-40页

作者： Xianwei Jiang Yanqiong Zhang Juan Lei Yudong Zhang School of Mathematics and Information Science Nanjing Normal University of Special EducationNanjing210038China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Research on Chinese Sign Language(CSL)provides convenience and support for individuals with hearing impairments to communicate and integrate into *** article reviews the relevant literature on Chinese Sign Language Recognition(CSLR)in the past 20 *** Markov Models(HMM),Support Vector Machines(SVM),and Dynamic Time Warping(DTW)were found to be the most commonly employed technologies among traditional *** from the rapid development of computer vision and artificial intelligence technology,Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),3D-CNN,YOLO,Capsule Network(CapsNet)and various deep neural networks have sprung *** Neural Networks(DNNs)and their derived models are integral tomodern artificial intelligence *** addition,technologies thatwerewidely used in the early days have also been integrated and applied to specific hybrid models and customized identification *** language data collection includes acquiring data from data gloves,data sensors(such as Kinect,LeapMotion,etc.),and high-definition ***,facial expression recognition,complex background processing,and 3D sign language recognition have also attracted research interests among *** to the uniqueness and complexity of Chinese sign language,accuracy,robustness,real-time performance,and user independence are significant challenges for future sign language recognition ***,suitable datasets and evaluation criteria are also worth pursuing.

关键词： Chinese Sign Language Recognition deep neural networks artificial intelligence transfer learning hybrid network models

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MicroRNAs:A novel signature in the metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1497-1523页

作者： Qi-Ying Wei Feng Jin Zhong-Yu Wang Bing-Jie Li Wen-Bo Cao Zhi-Yan Sun Sai-Jun Mo department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001Henan ProvinceChina department of Perioperative Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina Division of special Service Department of Basic OncologySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001Henan ProvinceChina department of Basic Science of Oncology School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001Henan ProvinceChina

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a malignant epithelial tumor,characterized by squamous cell differentiation,it is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths *** increased mortality rate of ESCC patients is predominantly due to the advanced stage of the disease when discovered,coupled with higher risk of metastasis,which is an exceedingly malignant charac-teristic of cancer,frequently leading to a high mortality ***,there is currently no specific and effective marker to predict and treat metastasis in ***(miRNAs)are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules,approximately 22 nucleotides in *** are vital in modulating gene expression and serve pivotal regulatory roles in the occurrence,progression,and prognosis of ***,we have examined the literature to highlight the intimate correlations between miRNAs and ESCC metastasis,and show that ESCC metastasis is predominantly regulated or regulated by genetic and epigenetic *** review proposes a potential role for miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for metastasis in ESCC metastasis,with the ultimate aim of reducing the mortality rate among patients with ESCC.

关键词： MicroRNAs Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Metastasis Signaling pathway Epigenetics mechanism

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Soft,body conformable electronics for thermoregulation enabled by kirigami

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第4期7卷 453-462页

作者： Lung Chow Guangyao Zhao Pengcheng Wu Xingcan Huang Jiyu Li Jian Li Wanying Wang Guihuan Guo Zhiyuan Li Jiachen Wang Jingkun Zhou Yawen Yang Yuyu Gao Binbin Zhang Qiang Zhang Dengfeng Li Ya Huang Kuanming Yao Jian Lu Xinge Yu department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular health Engineering Hong Kong 999077China department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

The application of thermoelectric devices(TEDs)for personalized thermoregulation is attractive for saving energy while balancing the quality of *** that directly attach to human skin remarkably minimized the energy wasted for cooling the entire ***,facing the extreme dynamic geometry change and strain of human skin,conventional TEDs cannot align with the contour of our bodies for the best thermoregulation ***,we designed a kirigami-based wearable TED with excellent water vapor permeability,flexibility,and *** analysis and experimental results reveal that our product can withstand various types of large mechanical deformation without circuit *** stated outcome and proposed facile approach not only reinforce the development of wearable TEDs but also offer an innovative opportunity for different electronics that require high conformability.

关键词： Thermoregulation Thermoelectric Kirigami Body conformable Wearable

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An analysis of the transcriptional landscape in hypoxia-treated primary nucleus pulposus cells

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 558-560页

作者： Zhicai Peng Zhuo Wang Shuaichi Guo Bing Tan Ruichao Cao Shengqiang Cheng Jun Chen Chunwang Xie Dehong Mao Zhenming Hu department of Orthopaedics Yongchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of ChongqingChongqing 402160China department of Orthopaedic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010China department of Spine Surgery The Third Hospital of MianyangSichuan Mental Health CenterMianyangSichuan 621000China

Intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD)is the main cause of lower back *** back pain places a huge burden on society,and all current treatments for IDD cannot restore the original function of the intervertebral *** new treatments for IDD requires clarifying the mechanisms of *** hypoxia is an important feature of the nucleus pulposus because of its special anatomical *** RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),we obtained the whole transcriptome of nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs)under hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF1A)*** demonstrated possible effects of oxygen concentration and HIF1A on *** addition,our results showed that hypoxia can affect lipid metabolism in NPCs.

关键词： structure metabolism degeneration

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Ambulance Records as an Information Source to Document and Prevent Fall Injuries in Sweden

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health 2024年第7期16卷 615-625页

作者： Stefan Backe department of Public health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Skvde Skvde Sweden

In Sweden, there has been only limited documentation for injuries requiring ambulance responses. The main objective of this study is, through the use of historic data, to assess the suitability of ambulance records to describe circumstances with fall injuries. Methods: The injury events data around patients were sourced from the ambulance data register. Descriptive statistics were used to describe injured patients based on age group, type of injury, place of injury, injury mechanism and consequence of an injury event. Two-group comparison was performed with Pearson’s chi-squared. Predictors of transport to hospital were identified using logistic regression analyses. Result: Ambulance provides unique data on all injury events, with direct implications for translational research, public policy and clinical practice (safety promotion). In 2002 ambulance attended 3964 injured people which represents 14% of ambulance attended workload in Värmland county, Sweden. The most common trauma location was the traffic area followed by residential area and nursing home. These three injury sites account for 2320 cases (61.6%). The most common cause of injury was falls (63.9%) followed by contact with another person (26.5%). Contact with another person is the most common site of injury in the traffic area (79.5%), and men aged 25-66 years are overrepresented. Conclusion: Logistic regression found that, age-group and place code were significant predictor for being attended by ambulance. Traffic, home and nursing homes were over-represented injury environments (61.6%) that require special attention. Most injury cases occur in the home and nursing homes among people over 67 years of age. Surprisingly, most of the injury events in the traffic environment are about hitting another person. Paramedics can provide rich and valuable data on injury events. Registration of such data is entirely possible and desirable, and can be used in preventive work.

关键词： Injury Surveillance Paramedics Falls Hit with the First Injury

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Clinical application value of long non-coding RNAs signatures of genomic instability in predicting prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2386-2392页

作者： Xiao-Wen Xing Xiao Huang Wei-Peng Li Ming-Ke Wang Ji-Shun Yang department of Disease Control and Prevention Naval Medical CenterNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200052China Medical care Center Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200052China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)presents challenges due to its high recurrence and metastasis rates and poor *** current clinical diagnostic and prognostic indicators exist,their accuracy remains imperfect due to their biol-ogical ***,there is a quest to identify improved biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and *** combining long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)expression and somatic mutations,Duan et al identified five representative lncRNAs from 88 lncRNAs related to genomic instability(GI),forming a GI-derived lncRNA signature(LncSig).This signature outperforms previously re-ported LncSig and TP53 mutations in predicting HCC *** this editorial,we comprehensively evaluate the clinical application value of such prognostic evaluation model based on sequencing technology in terms of cost,time,and ***,we provide an overview of various prognostic models for HCC,aiding in a comprehensive understanding of research progress in pro-gnostic evaluation methods.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Prognosis Prognostic model Biomarkers Genomic instability long non-coding RNA Clinical application value

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Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and therapeutic strategies in depression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1890-1898页

作者： Qiuqin Han Wenhui Li Peiqing Chen Lijuan Wang Xiwen Bao Renyan Huang Guobin Liu Xiaorong Chen department of Scientific Research Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu HospitalShanghaiChina department of Traditional Chinese Vascular Surgery Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina department of Physiology Laboratory of Neurodegenerative DiseasesChangzhi Medical CollegeChangzhiShanxi ProvinceChina

Previous studies have demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between inflammation and *** of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain,leucine-rich repeat,and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasomes is closely related to the pathogenesis of various neurological *** patients with major depressive disorder,NLRP3 inflammasome levels are significantly *** the role that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation plays in the pathogenesis of depression may be beneficial for future therapeutic *** this review,we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms that lead to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in depression as well as to provide insight into therapeutic strategies that target the NLRP3 ***,we outlined various therapeutic strategies that target the NLRP3 inflammasome,including NLRP3 inflammatory pathway inhibitors,natural compounds,and other therapeutic compounds that have been shown to be effective in treating ***,we summarized the application of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors in clinical trials related to ***,there is a scarcity of clinical trials dedicated to investigating the applications of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors in depression *** modulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in microglia holds promise for the management of *** investigations are necessary to ascertain the efficacy and safety of these therapeutic approaches as potential novel antidepressant treatments.

关键词： depression microglia neuroinflammation NLRP3 inflammasome

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Fructose aggravating colon barrier dysfunction by decreasing gut bacteria metabolites indole-3-carboxaldehyde and inhibiting activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in vivo and in vitro

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Ge Song Shaojie Pang Wenting Peng Wei Fang Yong Wang Rui Liu Qianyun Gan Wentao Qi Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene， School of Public health， Peking University School of health Science and Engineering， University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

Background: Fructose may induce non-alcoholic fatty acids (NAFLD) due to the gut-liver axis interactions. The mechanism of fructose impairing colon barrier is unrevealed. Methods: Normal and DSS-induced Sprague-Dawley rats fed by 35% fructose diets were used to evaluate colon barrier functions. Microbiome and metabolome were applied to screen potential biomarker bacteria and metabolites induced by fructose. HT-29 cells were applied to validate metabolite biomarker indoleacrylic acid (IAA) and indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A) function in colon barrier which impaired by fructose. Results: Fructose induced colon barrier dysfunction， aggravated colon impairment in DSS-induced rats. With fructose intake， the colon length shortened， goblet numbers declined， inflammation infiltration induced， inflammatory cytokines increased， and apoptosis signals upregulated in colon tissue. Moreover， fructose induced dysbiosis of microbiota and their metabolites. Adlercreutzia， Holdemania were screened out as potential bacteria biomarkers， IAA and I3A as tryptophan metabolites were selected as metabolite biomarkers inhibited by fructose. IAA and I3A treatment alleviated the impairment induced by fructose by increasing trans epithelial electric resistance (TEER) value， tight junction proteins (TJPs)， and AhR activity in HT-29 cell. Conclusion: Fructose stimulated inflammation， apoptosis， gut bacteria alteration， and induced the reduction of IAA and I3A. Since fructose inhibited production of IAA and I3A， AhR remained inactivated and consequently induced colon barrier dysfunction.

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A novel deep generative model for mRNA vaccine development: Designing 5′ UTRs with N1-methyl-pseudouridine modification

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1814-1826页

作者： Xiaoshan Tang Miaozhe Huo Yuting Chen Hai Huang Shugang Qin Jiaqi Luo Zeyi Qin Xin Jiang Yongmei Liu Xing Duan Ruohan Wang Lingxi Chen Hao Li Na Fan Zhongshan He Xi He Bairong Shen Shuai Cheng Li Xiangrong Song Institute of Systems Genetics Department of Critical Care MedicineFrontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610000China department of Computer Science City University of Hong KongHong Kong 99907China department of Biology Brandeis UniversityBostonMA 02453USA

Efficient translation mediated by the 5'untranslated region(5'UTR)is essential for the robust efficacy of mRNA ***,the N1-methyl-pseudouridine(m1)modification of mRNA can impact the translation efficiency of the 5'*** discovered that the optimal 5'UTR for m1y-modified mRNA(m1y-5'UTR)differs significantly from its unmodified counterpart,high-lighting the need for a specialized tool for designing mly-5'UTRs rather than directly utilizing high-expression endogenous gene 5'*** response,we developed a novel machine learning-based tool,Smart5UTR,which employs a deep generative model to identify superior m1y-5'UTRs in *** tailored loss function and network architecture enable Smart5UTR to overcome limitations inherent in existing *** a result,Smart5UTR can successfully design superior 5'UTRs,greatly benefiting mRNA vaccine ***,Smart5UTR-designed superior 5'UTRs significantly enhanced antibody titers induced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2,surpassing the performance of vaccines using high-expression endogenous gene 5'UTRs.

关键词： mRNA vaccine Machine learning 5'UTR mRNA design Sequence design N1-Methyl-pseudouridine COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

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