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Eco-geotechnics for human sustainability

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 2809-2845页

作者： NG Charles Wang Wai ZHANG Qi ZHOU Chao NI JunJun department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China School of Transportation Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China

As a result of climate change and increasing engineering activities, soil-related disasters such as slope failures and sandstorms have become more frequent worldwide. These disasters have caused not only loss of life, but also have led to serious economic losses as well as ecological and environmental damage. To sustain mankind, a new discipline, eco-geotechnics, has rapidly become established and developed in recent years. It integrates scientific knowledge from soil mechanics, rock mechanics,ecology, biology, and atmospheric science to develop cross-disciplinary theories and carry out experiments to tackle grand world challenges such as the effects of climate change. Through the development of eco-geotechnics, various eco-friendly technologies have been developed to mitigate sandstorms and to improve the performance of earthen structures such as embankments, slopes and landfill covers. This state-of-the-art review introduces and discusses the important advances in the field of eco-geotechnics,covering theoretical developments, laboratory testing, centrifuge modelling, field monitoring and engineering ***, the research gaps and future needs of eco-geotechnics are highlighted and discussed.

关键词： sustainability eco-geotechnics atmosphere-plant-soil interactions ecology unsaturated soil mechanics

Insecticidal Potential of α-Pinene and β-Caryophyllene against Myzus persicae and Their Impacts on Gene Expression

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第7期92卷 1943-1954页

作者： Talha Ali Chohan Tahir Ali Chohan Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz Muhammad Waqar Alam Salah ud Din Iqra Naseer Ayesha Riaz Tayyeba Naseem Areeba Iftikhar Dur ENajaf Ali Mubashir Hassan Hayssam M.Ali Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology(IMBB) The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahore54000Pakistan Deparment of Plant Pathology University of OkaraOkara56300Pakistan Deparment of Bioinformatics University of OkaraOkara56300Pakistan department of soil Science The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan department of Zoology The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur(Bahawalnagar Campus)63100Pakistan The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine Nationwide Children’s HospitalColumbusOhio43205USA department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

Myzus persicae(***)is now considered a threat to agricultural crops due to economic *** synthetic insecticides applied every year against ***,are reported to be unsafe for environment,humans,and beneficial ***,several species of Myzus have been found to develop resistance due to over application of these ***,it is required to find some novel insecticide that would be safe for the environment as well as for *** the current study,two major pure constituentsα-pinene andβ-caryophyllene were evaluated for their insecticidal potential against *** using a fumigant toxicity ***,impact ofα-pinene andβ-caryophyllene on expression of five different genes,e.g.,HSP 60,FPPS I,OSD,TOL and ANT responsible for reproduction,dispersion,and growth of *** has also been *** perform fumigant toxicity assay,five different concentrations(3.5,4,4.5,5 and 6μL L−1)ofα-pinene andβ-caryophyllene were *** concentration(LC)was calculated,and gene expression studies were executed through qRT PCR at LC30 ofα-pinene andβ-*** constituents demonstrated excellent fumigant toxicity effects against *** at all five ***,α-pinene shows significantly better results(98%)as compared toβ-caryophyllene(80%)after 72 h at 6μL L−1 of *** highest upregulation in expression was demonstrated at LC30 dose ofα-pinene in five in three out of five genes understudy(TOL,ANT,and FPPS I).Conversely,two genes HSP 60 and OSD demonstrated downregulation at LC30 dose ofβ-***,our results highlighted the promising insecticidal potential of both compoundsα-pinene andβ-caryophylleneby interfering with the reproduction and development related processes in ***,allowing us to recommend the phytoconstituents under investigation as an ecofriendly alternative to synthetic insecticides.

关键词： Fumigation M.persicae gene expression real time PCR α-pinene β-caryophyllene

Immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal diversity and community composition

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第2期8卷 292-302页

作者： Li Zhang Yuzhi Ren Kaijun Yang Zhijie Li Bo Tan Yang Liu Han Li Chengming You Sining Liu Lixia Wang Rui Yin Jian Zhang Zhenfeng Xu Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province&National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River&Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base Institute of Ecology&ForestrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB CSIC08193 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Agrosphere(IBG-3)JülichGermany Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Community EcologyTheodor-Lieser-Strasse 406110 Halle(Saale)Germany

Background:soil fungi play crucial roles in ecosystem ***,how snow cover change associated with winter warming affects soil fungal communities remains unclear in the Tibetan ***:We conducted a snow manipulation experiment to explore immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal community diversity and composition in a spruce forest on the eastern Tibetan *** fungal communities were performed by the high throughput sequencing of ***:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two dominant fungal phyla and Archaeorhizomyces,Aspergillus and Amanita were the three most common genera across seasons and snow *** exclusion did not affect the diversity and structure of soil fungal community in both snow-covered and snow-free ***,the relative abundance of some fungal communities was different among *** fungal groups were correlated with environmental factors(i.e.,temperature and moisture)and soil biochemical variables(i.e.,ammonium and enzyme).Conclusions:These results suggest that the season-driven variations had stronger impacts on soil fungal community than short-term snow cover *** findings may have important implications for soil microbial processes in Tibetan forests experiencing significant decreases in snowfall.

关键词： Winter climate change Snow cover Fungi Community diversity Community composition Illumina sequencing

Chemical Hide and Seek: Nematode’s Journey to Its Plant Host

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Molecular Plant 2020年第4期13卷 541-543页

作者： Natalie Hamada Henok Zemene Yimer Valerie M.Williamson Shahid Siddique department of Entomology&Nematology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA department of Plant Pathology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA

Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive plant pathogens,causing estimated damage of more than US$100 billion per *** expert-based assessment of crop health listed nematodes as among the most damaging pests and pathogens in potato,soybean,and wheat crops(Savary et al.,2019).Most damage is caused by a small group of root-infecting sedentary endoparasitic nematodes including cyst nematodes and rootknot nematodes(RKNs).Second-stage juveniles(J2s)of plantparasitic nematodes hatch from eggs into the soil and localize to the roots of host *** success of these non-feeding J2s depends on their ability to locate and infect a suitable *** attraction of plant-parasitic nematodes to the host root has been a subject of study for the past 80 years following the pioneering research that demonstrated the attraction of RKN specifically toward root tips(Lindford,1939).Both volatile and soluble components in the rhizosphere have been shown to influence nematode movement.

关键词： soybean crops soil

Evaluation of phenanthrene removal from soil washing effluent by activated carbon adsorption using response surface methodology

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第2期35卷 399-405页

作者： Zenan Wang Xin Zheng Yan Wang Heng Lin Hui Zhang department of Environmental Science and Engineering Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key LaboratorySchool of Resource and Environmental SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China department of Environmental Science and Engineering Anhui Science and Technology UniversityFengyang 233100China

soil washing is a promising technology for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH)-contaminated sites,but surfactant needs to be recovered to reduce remediation cost and avoid secondary *** this study,activated carbon(AC),prepared from waste walnut shells,was applied to the adsorptive removal of phenanthrene(PHE)from synthetic soil washing effluent with Tween 80 as a model ***-Behnken statistical experiment design(BBD)and response surface methodology(RSM)were used to investigate the influence of AC dosage,Tween 80 concentration and adsorption time,and their potential interaction effect on PHE removal.A response surface model was established based on the BBD experimental *** goodness of fit of the model was confirmed by determination coefficient,coefficient of variation(CV)and residuals *** RSM model indicates that AC dosage or adsorption time had positive effect on PHE removal while Tween 80 concentration had negative *** interaction effect between AC dosage and Tween 80 concentration was significant but the other two interaction effects were *** 3D response surface plots were developed based on the RSM *** RSM model was validated by an additional experiment and the obtained result of PHE removal was very close to the model prediction,indicating the RSM model can effectively predict the PHE removal from soil washing effluent with activated carbon adsorption.

关键词： Activated carbon Adsorption Phenanthrene Response surface methodology Tween 80

Stress Relaxation of Grouted Entirely Large Diameter B-GFRP soil Nail

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China Ocean Engineering 2013年第4期27卷 495-508页

作者：李国维倪春裴华富葛万明吴宏伟 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geotechnique and Embankment Engineering Hohai University Highway and Railway Engineering Institute Hohai University department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

One of the potential solutions to steel-corrosion-related problems is the usage of fiber reinforced polymer （FRP） as a replacement of steel bars. In the past few decades, researchers have conducted a large number of experimental and theoretical studies on the behavior of small size glass fiber reinforce polymer （GFRP） bars （diameter smaller than 20 ram）. However, the behavior of large size GFRP bar is still not well understood. Particularly, few studies were conducted on the stress relaxation of grouted entirely large diameter GFRP soil nail. This paper investigates the effect of stress levels on the relaxation behavior of GFRP soil nail under sustained deformation ranging from 30% to 60% of its ultimate strain. In order to study the behavior of stress relaxation, two B-GFRP soil nail element specimens were developed and instrumented with fiber Bragg grating （FBG） strain sensors which were used to measure strains along the B-GFRP bars. The test results reveal that the behavior of stress relaxation of B-GFRP soil nail element subjected to pre-stress is significantly related to the elapsed time and the initial stress of relaxation procedure. The newly proposed model for evaluating stress relaxation ratio can substantially reflect the influences of the nature of B-GFRP bar and the property of grip body. The strain on the nail body can be redistributed automatically. Modulus reduction is not the single reason for the stress degradation.

关键词： stress relaxation B-GFRP bar soil nail element seamless pipe fiber Bragg grating

A terrestrial observatory approach to the integrated investigation of the effects of deforestation on water,energy,and matter fluxes

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 61-75页

作者： H. R. BOGENA R BOL N. BORCHARD N. BRuGGEMANN B. DIEKKRtiGER C. DRuE J. GROH N. GOTTSELIG J. A. HUISMAN A. LuCKE A. MISSONG B. NEUWIRTH T. PuTZ M. SCHMIDT M. STOCKINGER W. TAPPE L. WEIHERMuLLER I. WIEKENKAMP H. VEREECKEN Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jiilich 52425 Jiilich Germany department of Geography University of Bonn 53115 Bonn Germany department of Environmental Meteorology University of Trier 54286 Trier Germany DeLa Wi-Tree-Ring Analytics 51570 Windeck Germany

Integrated observation platforms have been set up to investigate consequences of global change within a terrestrial network of observatories （TERENO） in Germany. The aim of TERENO is to foster the understanding of water, energy, and matter fluxes in terrestrial systems, as well as their biological and physical drivers. Part of the Lower Rhine Valley-Eifel observatory of TERENO is located within the Eifel National Park. Recently, the National Park forest management started to promote the nat- ural regeneration of near-natural beech forest by removing a significant proportion of the spruce forest that was established for timber production after World War II. Within this context, the effects of such a disturbance on forest ecosystem functioning are currently investigated in a deforestation experiment in the Wtistebach catchment, which is one of the key experimental re- search sites within the Lower Rhine Valley-Eifel observatory. Here, we present the integrated observation system of the Wiistebach test site to exemplarily demonstrate the terrestrial observatory concept of TERENO that allows for a detailed mon- itoring of changes in hydrological and biogeochemical states and fluxes triggered by environmental disturbances. We present the observation platforms and the soil sampling campaign, as well as preliminary results including an analysis of data con- sistency. We specifically highlight the capability of integrated datasets to enable improved process understanding of the post-deforestation changes in ecosystem functioning.

关键词： terrestrial observatory deforestation experiment integrated monitoring concept

Comparing the soil Conservation Service model with new machine learning algorithms for predicting cumulative infiltration in semi-arid regions

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Pedosphere 2022年第5期32卷 718-732页

作者： Khabat KHOSRAVI Phuong T.T.NGO Rahim BARZEGAR John QUILTY Mohammad T.AALAMI Dieu T.BUI department of watershed Management Engineering Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhad 93(Iran) department of Earth and Environment Florida International UniversityMiami 33199(USA) Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang 550000(Vietnam) department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversitySte Anne de Bellevue QC H9X(Canada) Faculty of Civil Engineering University of TabrizTabriz 51(Iran) department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1(Canada) department of Business and IT University of South-Eastern NorwayNotodden 3603(Norway)

water infiltration into soil is an important process in hydrologic cycle;however,its measurement is difficult,time-consuming and *** and physical models have been developed to predict cumulative infiltration(CI),but are often *** this study,several novel standalone machine learning algorithms(M5Prime(M5P),decision stump(DS),and sequential minimal optimization(SMO))and hybrid algorithms based on additive regression(AR)(i.e.,AR-M5P,AR-DS,and AR-SMO)and weighted instance handler wrapper(WIHW)(i.e.,WIHW-M5P,WIHW-DS,and WIHW-SMO)were developed for CI *** soil Conservation Service(SCS)model developed by the United States department of Agriculture(USDA),one of the most popular empirical models to predict CI,was considered as a ***,154 measurements of CI(explanatory/input variables)were taken from 16 sites in a semi-arid region of Iran(Illam and Lorestan provinces).Six input variable combinations were considered based on Pearson correlations between candidate model inputs(time of measuring and soil bulk density,moisture content,and sand,clay,and silt percentages)and *** dataset was divided into two subgroups at random:70%of the data were used for model building(training dataset)and the remaining 30%were used for model validation(testing dataset).The various models were evaluated using different graphical approaches(bar charts,scatter plots,violin plots,and Taylor diagrams)and quantitative measures(root mean square error(RMSE),mean absolute error(MAE),Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE),and percent bias(PBIAS)).Time of measuring had the highest correlation with CI in the study *** best input combinations were different for different *** results showed that all hybrid algorithms enhanced the CI prediction accuracy compared to the standalone *** AR-M5P model provided the most accurate CI predictions(RMSE=0.75 cm,MAE=0.59 cm,NSE=0.98),while the SCS model had the lowest performance(RMSE=4.77 cm,MAE=2.64 cm,NSE=

关键词： additive regression hybrid algorithms empirical model soil water infiltration weighted instances handler wrapper

High resolution crop intensity mapping using harmonized Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 data

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第12期18卷 2883-2897页

作者： HAO Peng-yu TANG Hua-jun CHEN Zhong-xin YU Le WU Ming-quan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the National Administration of Surveying Mapping and Geo Information/Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and ServicesShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060P.R.China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital EarthChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China

An increase in crop intensity could improve crop yield but may also lead to a series of environmental problems, such as depletion of ground water and increased soil salinity. The generation of high resolution(30 m) crop intensity maps is an important method used to monitor these changes, but this is challenging because the temporal resolution of the 30-m image time series is low due to the long satellite revisit period and high cloud coverage. The recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite could provide optical images at 10–60 m resolution and thus improve the temporal resolution of the 30-m image time series. This study used harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2(HLS) data to identify crop intensity. The sixth polynomial function was used to fit the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index(EVI) curves. Then, 15-day NDVI and EVI time series were then generated from the fitted curves and used to generate the extent of croplands. Lastly, the first derivative of the fitted VI curves were used to calculate the VI peaks;spurious peaks were removed using artificially defined thresholds and crop intensity was generated by counting the number of remaining VI peaks. The proposed methods were tested in four study regions, with results showing that 15-day time series generated from the fitted curves could accurately identify cropland extent. Overall accuracy of cropland identification was higher than 95%. In addition, both the harmonized NDVI and EVI time series identified crop intensity accurately as the overall accuracies, producer’s accuracies and user’s accuracies of non-cropland, single crop cycle and double crop cycle were higher than 85%. NDVI outperformed EVI as identifying double crop cycle fields more accurately.

关键词： crop inten sity time series sixth polyno mial fu nction harm on ized Lan dsat-8 and Sen tinel-2