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What if the ＂Gold Standard＂ Can＇t Be Realized？ Propensity Scoring to Adjust for Attrition in Random Experiments

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sociology Study 2011年第1期1卷 75-81页

作者： Michael A. Lewis Hunter College School of social work New York USA

When it comes to evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, the random experiment is considered the ＂gold standard＂. Randomization is considered the gold standard because it provides a way of decreasing the chance that systematic differences, other than type of intervention, will be obtained between treatment and control groups. What has received little attention in the literature, however, is the fact that even with random assignment researchers may end up facing problems similar to those faced with data from a study that did not use randomization. This is because attrition may result in the values of potentially confounding variables no longer being ＂balanced＂ between （or among） the groups under investigation. This means that in order to estimate the effect of the treatment, one must find some way of adjusting for these potential confounders. Although multiple regression modeling is the way social science researchers typically control for the effects of potentially confounding variables, this paper argues that a modification of multiple regression modeling that uses propensity scores, under some conditions, may provide more parsimonious and better fitting models.

关键词： Multiple regression propensity scoring logistic regression attrition in random experiments

Effect of Hepatitis C Treatment on Renal Function in Liver Transplant Patients

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第4期6卷 391-395页

作者： Mohamed Shoreibah John Romano Ornar T.Sims Yuqi Guo DeAnn Jones Krishna Venkata Vishnu Kommineni Jordan Orr Paul Fitzmorris Omar I.Massoud Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA department of Internal Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA department of social work College of Arts and SciencesUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA department of Health Behavior School of Public HealthUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Center for AIDS Research School of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA School of social work University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA department of Pharmacology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

Background andAims:Hepatitis C Virus(HCV)is uniformly recurrent after liver transplant(LT)and recurrence is associated with an increased risk of *** medications increase the risk of chronic kidney disease,and the presence of chronic kidney disease presents a challenge for HCV treatment in LT *** aim of this study was to assess changes in glomerular filtration rates(GFRs)of LT recipients receiving HCV ***:This is a retrospective study of LT patients who received HCV treatment between 2015 and 2016(n=60).The outcomes of interest were differences in serum creatinine levels and in GFR,measured at treatment initiation and at 24 weeks after *** average age of the patients was 59 years-old,and 17%were cirrhotic and 67%were *** patients received sofosbuvir/ledipasvir without ***:All patients achieved sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment(SVR12).At baseline,55%of patients had GFR60 mL/min per 1.73 *** those patients,GFR did not change in 81%,and 19%had worsened *** the entire cohort,65%of patients had improved or stable GFR and 35%had worsened *** average change in serum creatinine between baseline and 24 weeks was 0.10(p=0.18).Conclusions:This study showed improved or unchanged GFR in 65%and worsened GFR in 35%of LT recipients who achieved *** of GFR was more frequently encountered in those with impaired renal function at *** should be used when treating HCV in LT recipients,especially those with baseline status of renal impairment.

关键词： Hepatitis C Renal function Direct-acting antivirals Liver transplant Treatment

Fiduciary Responsibility: Facilitating Public Trust in Automated Decision Making

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Journal of social Computing 2022年第4期3卷 345-362页

作者： Shannon B.Harper Eric S.Weber department of sociology and Criminal Justice Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA. department of Mathematics Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA.

Automated decision-making systems are being increasingly deployed and affect the public in a multitude of positive and negative *** and private institutions use these systems to process information according to certain human-devised rules in order to address social problems or organizational *** research and real-world experience indicate that the public lacks trust in automated decision-making systems and the institutions that deploy *** recreancy theorem argues that the public is more likely to trust and support decisions made or influenced by automated decision-making systems if the institutions that administer them meet their fiduciary ***,often the public is never informed of how these systems operate and resultant institutional decisions are made.A“black box”effect of automated decision-making systems reduces the public’s perceptions of integrity and ***,the institutions administering these systems are less able to assess whether the decisions are *** result is that the public loses the capacity to identify,challenge,and rectify unfairness or the costs associated with the loss of public goods or *** current position paper defines and explains the role of fiduciary responsibility within an automated decision-making *** formulate an automated decision-making system as a data science lifecycle(DSL)and examine the implications of fiduciary responsibility within the context of the *** responsibility within DSLs provides a methodology for addressing the public’s lack of trust in automated decision-making systems and the institutions that employ them to make decisions affecting the *** posit that fiduciary responsibility manifests in several contexts of a DSL,each of which requires its own mitigation of sources of *** instantiate fiduciary responsibility,a Los Angeles Police department(LAPD)predictive policing case study is *** examine the de

关键词： trust artificial intelligence automated decision-making recreancy theorem fiduciary responsibility

Effect of Online social Networking on Emotional Status and Its Interaction with Offline Reality during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第9期25卷 1041-1052页

作者： Xiaolin Lu Xiaolei Miao department of Physical Education Xidian UniversityXi’an710126China department of sociology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

Background:During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in China,social interactions shifted to online spaces due to lockdowns and social distancing *** a result,the impact of online social networking on users’emotional status has become stronger than *** study examines the association between online social networking and Internet users’emotional status and how offline reality affects this ***:The study utilizes cross-sectional online survey data(n=3004)and Baidu Migration big data from the first 3 months of the *** dimensions of online networking are measured:social support and information ***:First,individuals’online social support(β=0.16,psocial status and provincial pandemic control *** regards to the moderation effect of social status,the constructive impact of information sources on emotional well-being is more pronounced among individuals from vulnerable groups compared to those who are *** regard to the moderation effect of provincial interventions,online social support has the potential to alleviate the adverse repercussions of high rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases and strict lockdown measures while simultaneously augmenting the favorable effects of ***:The various dimensions of social networking exert distinct effects on emotional status through diverse mechanisms,all of which must be taken into account when designing and adapting pandemic-control interventions.

关键词： COVID-19 emotional status online social networking social support information sources

Understanding Risk Governance:Introducing Sociological Neoinstitutionalism and Foucauldian Governmentality for Further Theorizing

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2011年第3期2卷 11-20页

作者： Wee-Kiat Lim department of sociology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Natural Hazards Center Institute of Behavioral Science Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

This article traces the career of risk across prominent theoretical approaches by highlighting their key assumptions and premises,specifically the technical approach found in the physical sciences,and economics,psychology,and sociology in the social *** each discipline,the strengths and limitations of each theoretical approach are pointed *** discussion focuses on sociology in particular because other approaches—in treating risks as dominantly technical,psychological,or economic phenomena—tend to downplay the broader historical and socio-political context that impinges on risk construction and production,and its differential impact across *** exploration points out that institutions play an important role in creating,managing,and distributing risks in *** highlighting the integrated risk governance framework as a nascent practice-oriented framework,the framework is examined theoretically using sociological neoinstitutionalism and Foucault’s concept of *** conclusion elaborates the challenges of using these two bodies of knowledge to study risk governance of extreme *** Foucault’s concept of governmentality corrects neoinstitutional theory’s ambivalence toward power,more work needs to be done in order to reconcile their divergent intellectual commitments.

关键词： extreme sociology governmental

Active Micro-Nano-Collaborative Bioelectronic Device for Advanced Electrophysiological Recording

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 244-264页

作者： Yuting Xiang Keda Shi Ying Li Jiajin Xue Zhicheng Tong Huiming Li Zhongjun Li Chong Teng Jiaru Fang Ning Hu department of Chemistry Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional MaterialsZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058People’s Republic of China School of Basic Medical Sciences Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053People’s Republic of China General Surgery department Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Children’s HealthHangzhou 310052People’s Republic of China department of Lung Transplantation and General Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003People’s Republic of China department of Orthopedics The Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineYiwu 322005People’s Republic of China School of Electronics and Information Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Tenth Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityDongguan 523059People’s Republic of China Dongguan Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology Dongguan 523059People’s Republic of China

The development of precise and sensitive electrophysiological recording platforms holds the utmost importance for research in the fields of cardiology and *** recent years,active micro/nano-bioelectronic devices have undergone significant advancements,thereby facilitating the study of *** distinctive configuration and exceptional functionality of these active micro-nano-collaborative bioelectronic devices offer the potential for the recording of high-fidelity action potential signals on a large *** this paper,we review three-dimensional active nano-transistors and planar active micro-transistors in terms of their applications in electroexcitable cells,focusing on the evaluation of the effects of active micro/nano-bioelectronic devices on electrophysiological *** forward to the possibilities,challenges,and wide prospects of active micro-nano-devices,we expect to advance their progress to satisfy the demands of theoretical investigations and medical implementations within the domains of cardiology and neuroscience research.

关键词： Active micro/nano collaborative bioelectronic device Three-dimensional active nano-transistor Planar active microtransistor Electrophysiology

Unconditional Quantile Regressions, Earnings Disparity and Gender Discrimination in Urban China

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Unconditional Quantile Regressions, Earnings Disparity and G...

The Crisis of Journalism Reconsidered： Cultural Power

2012年中国社会学年会“中国女性人才发展规律与政策研究”论坛

作者： Yao TANG School of sociology and social Policy University of Nottingham

Market-oriented economic reform has gone through several key stages to bring substantial changes to current Chinese economy. It has accelerated after 1992, and meets the pattern transformation of economic development in 2002. During this dramatic and complicated economic transitional process, some issues caused people’s attention included the questions as: how does the earnings distribution change between genders from early market economy to post market economy;how do education, work experience, marriage and other factors affect gender earnings and what is the difference in internal group of women. In this paper, it will be used the data of the Chinese household income projects in 2002 and 2007 to analyse earnings disparity between genders and inner woman group. The unconditional quantile regression finds that comparing with past, the negative effect on earnings of marriage and taking care of child has much decreased, especially to women. However, high return rate to education of female workers is not as significant as before, the rate of work experience even fall faster. Along with the gender earnings gap increasing, the unexplained gap(discrimination gap) also increased over time, and is particularly pronounced for the lower and higher earnings group of women.

关键词： Unconditional quantile regression RIF functions Earnings inequality

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and social Sciences 2015年第1期8卷 9-31页

作者： Jeffrey C. Alexander department of sociology Yale University PO Box 208265 New Haven CT 06520-8265 USA

Recent technological change and the economic upheaval it has produced are coded by social meanings. Cultural codes not only trigger technological and economic changes, but also provide pathways to control them, allowing the dem- ocratic practices of independent journalism to be sustained in new forms. Even as they successfully defend their professional ethics, however, journalists experience them as vulnerable to subversion in the face of technological and economic change. Indeed, independent journalists and the social groups who support them often feel as if they are losing the struggle for autonomy. Just as current anxieties have been triggered by computerization and digital news, so were earlier crises of journalism linked to technological shifts that demanded new forms of economic organization. Digital production has created extraordinary organizational upheaval and economic strain. At the same time, critical confrontations with digital production have trig- gered innovative organizational forms that allow new technologies to sustain, rather than undermine, the democratic culture and institution of news production. If news producers are making efforts to adapt professional journalism to the digital age while maintaining journalistic civil values, there are parallel adaptations from the digital side： digital journalism becoming more like professional journalism.

关键词： Civil sphere Journalism Cultural sociology. Crisis of journalism Citizen journalism Professional journalism

Ethnography and the Internet： Taking Account of Emerging Technological Landscapes

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and social Sciences 2017年第3期10卷 315-329页

作者： Christine Hine department of sociology University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK

This article explores the strengths of ethnography as a methodology for exploring the complex social landscape of the contemporary Intemet. The article outlines the historical development of the Intemet, from Web 1.0 to a participatory Web 2.0 embedded within everyday life and ultimately to the prospect of an autonomous Internet of Things. The benefits of an ethnographic approach for understanding such developments in depth and examining taken-for-granted assumptions are outlined alongside an account of some of the challenges that digital technologies pose for an ethnographic methodology. Amongst these challenges are the difficulties inherent in mapping out a field site that effectively captures the complexity of online/offline connections and of developing a sufficient degree of immersion and co-presence for a rich understanding to be attained. Finally, the challenges offered by the emergence of mobile Internet, algorithmic filtering of information and unpredictable flows of data are explored. It is suggested that the ethnographer of the Internet can usefully position their task as being to explore a socially constructed yet technologically mediated landscape, immersing themselves in it, interrogating how others experience it and mapping the ways in which it becomes meaningful to those who navigate its complexities.

关键词： Internet Ethnography social media Participant observation Methodology Community Internet of Things Field site Landscape Algorithm