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Organoid intelligence:Integration of organoid technology and artificial intelligence in the new era of in vitro models

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2024年第1期21卷 39-44页

作者： Huaiyu Shi Andrew Kowalczewski Danny Vu Xiyuan Liu Asif Salekin Huaxiao Yang Zhen Ma department of Biomedical&Chemical engineering Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNYUSA BioInspired Institute for material and Living Systems Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNYUSA department of Mechanical&Aerospace engineering Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNYUSA department of Electrical engineering&Computer Science Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNYUSA department of Biomedical engineering University of North TexasDentonTXUSA

Organoid Intelligence ushers in a new era by seamlessly integrating cutting-edge organoid technology with the power of artificial intelligence.Organoids,three-dimensional miniature organ-like structures cultivated from stem cells,offer an unparalleled opportunity to simulate complex human organ systems in vitro.Through the convergence of organoid technology and AI,researchers gain the means to accelerate discoveries and insights across various disciplines.Artificial intelligence algorithms enable the comprehensive analysis of intricate organoid behaviors,intricate cellular interactions,and dynamic responses to stimuli.This synergy empowers the development of predictive models,precise disease simulations,and personalized medicine approaches,revolutionizing our understanding of human development,disease mechanisms,and therapeutic interventions.Organoid Intelligence holds the promise of reshaping how we perceive in vitro modeling,propelling us toward a future where these advanced systems play a pivotal role in biomedical research and drug development.

关键词： Organoids Machinelearning Deep learning Artificial intelligence Stem cells

Towards designing high mechanical performance low-alloyed wrought magnesium alloys via grain boundary segregation strategy: A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1774-1791页

作者： Zhi Zhang Jinshu Xie Jinghuai Zhang Xu-Sheng Yang Ruizhi Wu Key Laboratory of Superlight material and Surface Technology Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University State Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Machining Technology Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute

Low-alloyed magnesium(Mg) alloys have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for lightweight materials. However, their further application potential has been hampered by limitations such as low strength, poor plasticity at room temperature, and unsatisfactory formability. To address these challenges, grain refinement and grain structure control have been identified as crucial factors to achieving high performance in low-alloyed Mg alloys. An effective way for regulating grain structure is through grain boundary(GB) segregation. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the distribution criteria of segregated atoms and the effects of solute segregation on grain size and growth in Mg alloys. The analysis encompasses both single element segregation and multi-element co-segregation behavior, considering coherent interfaces and incoherent interfaces. Furthermore, we introduce the high mechanical performance low-alloyed wrought Mg alloys that utilize GB segregation and analyze the potential impact mechanisms through which GB segregation influences materials properties. Drawing upon these studies, we propose strategies for the design of high mechanical performance Mg alloys with desirable properties, including high strength, excellent ductility, and good formability, achieved through the implementation of GB segregation. The findings of this review contribute to advancing the understanding of grain boundary engineering in Mg alloys and provide valuable insights for future alloy design and optimization.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Grain boundary segregation High strength High plasticity High formability

Preparing cyclic polymers at high concentrations via self-folding cyclization technique by adjusting the contents of hydrophilic units in linear precursors

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 283-288页

作者： Hao Zha Zuowei Wang Chao Liu Chunyan Hong department of polymer Science and engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Cyclic polymers are a class of polymers that feature endless topology,and the synthesis of cyclic polymers has attracted the attention of many researchers.Herein,cyclic polymers were efficiently constructed by self-folding cyclization technique at high concentrations.Linear poly((oligo(ethylene glycol)acrylate)-co-(dodecyl acrylate))(P(OEGA-co-DDA))precursors with different ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT)polymerization using a bifunctional chain transfer agent with two anthryl end groups.The amphiphilic linear precursors underwent the self-folding process to generate polymeric nanoparticles in water.By irradiating the aqueous solution of the nanoparticles with 365 nm UV light,cyclic polymers were synthesized successfully via coupling of anthryl groups.The effects of the ratios of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in linear P(OEGA-co-DDA)copolymers and polymer concentration on the purity of the obtained cyclic polymers were explored in detail via ^(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance(^(1)H NMR),dynamic light scattering(DLS),UV‒visible(vis)analysis,three-detection size exclusion chromatography(TD-SEC)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).It was found that by adjusting the content of the hydrophilic segments in linear precursors,single chain polymeric nanoparticles(SCPNs)can be generated at high polymer concentrations.Therefore,cyclic polymers with high purity can be constructed efficiently.This method overcomes the limitation of traditional ring-closure method,which is typically conducted in highly dilute conditions,providing an efficient method for the scalable preparation of cyclic polymers.

关键词： Cyclic polymers Self-folding cyclization technique Single chain polymeric nanoparticles RAFT polymerization Direct visualization

Enhancing the Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Self-assembled Cyanostilbenes through Extended π-Conjugation

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 135-141页

作者： Tongjin Lv Song Wu Yu Jin Jianfei Ma Sixun Jiang Yuncong Xue Feng Wang Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai 200233China

Chiral supramolecular assembly of π-conjugated luminophores provides a promising avenue for enhancing circularly polarized luminescence.In this study,we shed light on the impact of π-conjugation length on circularly polarized luminescent performance of the resulting supramolecular assemblies,by designing a tetra-cyanostilbene monomeric compound alongside two dicyanostilbene control compounds.These cyanostilbene-based compounds possess the ability to form chiral supramolecular polymers in toluene,driven by a synergistic combination of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π-stacking interactions.The extended π π-aromatic skeleton brings bathochromic-shifted fluorescence and enhanced intermolecular stacking capability for the tetra-cyanostilbene compound.Consequently,chiral supramolecular assemblies formed by the tetra-cyanostilbene compound demonstrate a remarkable two-fold increase in g_(lum) values relative to the assemblies formed by the dicyanostilbene compounds.Overall,this study provides valuable insights into the relationship between-conjugation length and the circularly polarized luminescent performance of π-conjugatedsupramolecularassemblies.

关键词： Self-assembly Supramolecular polymer Supramolecular chirality Circularly polarized luminescence Cyanostilbene πInteractions Aggregation Nanostructures

Efficient synthesis of bottle-brush polymers enabled by selective photoactivation strategy in NIR-induced PET-RAFT polymerization

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第7期67卷 2353-2361页

作者： Hao Zha Lin Cheng Zuowei Wang Chao Liu Chunyan Hong department of polymer Science and engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Bottle-brush polymers possessing densely grafted side chains have special properties that are distinct from linear macromolecules.Herein,an efficient method for preparing bottle-brush polymers based on a selective photoactivation strategy in the photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(PET-RAFT)polymerization was developed.A methacrylate monomer 2-(2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)propionate)ethyl methacrylate(DTPEMA)containing a 2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)propionate(DTP)unit with a secondary R group was designed.Utilizing the unique selectivity of metal naphthalocyanine photocatalyst zinc 2,11,20,29-tetra-tert-butyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine(ZnTtBNc)toward trithiocarbonate with tertiary R group,the PET-RAFT polymerization of DTPEMA catalyzed by ZnTtBNc was performed under near infrared(NIR)light(λ_(max)=760 nm)irradiation at room temperature,using 4-cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)-sulfanyl]pentanoic acid(CDTPA)with a tertiary R group as a chain transfer agent(CTA).Proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR)and gel permeation chromatography(GPC)results demonstrated that the DTP units in the side chains were inert during the polymerization.By grafting poly(methyl acrylate)(PMA)from PDTPEMA via thermal-initiated RAFT polymerization,welldefined P(DTPEMA-g-PMA)bottle-brush polymers could be afforded.Furthermore,the film prepared from the bottle-brush polymer exhibited excellent scratch self-healing property due to the interlocking of side chains.

关键词： bottle-brush polymers PET-RAFT polymerization selective photoactivation scratch self-healing

Surface reconstruction of heterostructures in alkaline medium towards enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Rare Metals 2024年第6期43卷 2636-2647页

作者： Ming-Yang Yang Ji Yuan Xue-Lian Fu Jing-Jing Chen Jing Hu Zhou-Guang Lu Chen Liu Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial engineering of Functional materials Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and TechnologyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Electrocatalytic MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen University Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and engineering of materials Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology

Constructing heterostructures has proved to be a successful strategy to fabricate electrocatalysts with high efficiency for water splitting.However,the structure evolution in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction lacks investigation and the specific active center remains disputable.Herein,we take the well-designed Ni3S2@VO2heterostructures as a model to investigate the electrocatalytic activity and the surface reconstruction process of heterostructure catalysts in alkaline electrolyte.The Ni3S2@VO2heterostructures,with Ni3S2nanorods as the core and VO2nanoflakes as the shell,coupled with the high conductive Ni3S2,the hydrophilic VO2and modulated electronic structures at the interfaces,exhibited prominent activity and superior stability at various current densities.Further,the ex-situ characterizations confirmed that the surface reconstruction from Ni3S2@VO2into Ni3S2@amorphous-Ni（OH）2in alkaline media could optimize the water dissociation barrier and exposed large active area,thereby contributing to improved electrocatalytic performance.Our study not only introduces novel high-performance electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction（HER）,but also provides a new avenue for re-examining hetero-structural catalysts in alkaline solutions.

关键词： Heterostructures Ni 3 S 2 @VO 2 Surface reconstruction Water dissociation Alkaline hydrogen evolution

A review of understanding electrocatalytic reactions in energy conversion and energy storage systems via scanning electrochemical microscopy

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 155-177页

作者： Jihye Park Jong Hwan Lim Jin-Hyuk Kang Jiheon Lim Ho Won Jang Hosun Shin Sun Hwa Park Interdisciplinary materials Measurement Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and ScienceDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea department of material Science and engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea department of Applied Measurement Science University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea

To address climate change and promote environmental sustainability,electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems emerge as promising alternative to fossil fuels,catering to the escalating demand for energy.Achieving optimal energy efficiency and cost competitiveness in these systems requires the strategic design of electrocatalysts,coupled with a thorough comprehension of the underlying mechanisms and degradation behavior occurring during the electrocatalysis processes.Scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM),an analytical technique for studying surface electrochemically,stands out as a powerful tool offering electrochemical insights.It possesses remarkable spatiotemporal resolution,enabling the visualization of the localized electrochemical activity and surface topography.This review compiles crucial research findings and recent breakthroughs in electrocatalytic processes utilizing the SECM methodology,specifically focusing on applications in electrolysis,fuel cells,and metal–oxygen batteries within the realm of energy conversion and storage systems.Commencing with an overview of each energy system,the review introduces the fundamental principles of SECM,and aiming to provide new perspectives and broadening the scope of applied research by describing the major research categories within SECM.

关键词： Scanning electrochemical microscopy Electrocatalyst Electrocatalysis Water splitting Fuel cell Metal-oxygen battery

Enhancement of coercivity,permeability,and dielectric properties of Co_(0.2)Zn_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Eu_(x)Fe_(2)-xO_(4) ferrites for memory and high frequency devices

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1128-1135,I0005页

作者： I.Sardar M.D.Hossain M.S.Sikder M.N.I.Khan M.R.Rahman Physics Discipline Khulna UniversityKhulna9208Bangladesh department of Physics Khulna University of Engineering&TechnologyKhulna9203Bangladesh department ofComputer Science and engineering Northern University of Business&Technology KhulnaKhulna9100Bangladesh material Science Division Atomic Energy CentreDhaka1000Bangladesh

Spinel cubic ferrites have huge applications in me mory and high frequency devices.For the improvement of these modern devices,the magnetic coercivity,permeability,and dielectric properties of a ferrite are the important issues.This article focuses on improving the magnetic coercivity,magnetic permeability,and dielectric properties of Co_(0.2)Zn_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Eu_(x)Fe_(2)-xO_(4) ferrites,where x=0.00,0.06,and 0.10.The X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),energy dispersive X-ray(EDX),vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),and an impedance analyzer were used to characterize the structural,magnetic,and dielectric properties of the samples.The XRD patterns indicate the formation of spinel cubic structure of the samples with a secondary peak(EuFeO_(3))for Eu doped samples.The densities and porosities of the samples follow an inverse trend,where the doped samples’lattice parameters are increased with the increment of rare earth Eu concentration.The FTIR analysis also proves the spinel cubic phase of the samples.The average grain size of the ferrites is obtained via FESEM images,and it is increased from 121 to 198 nm.VSM analysis confirms that doping of the Eu content also changes other hysteresis loop properties of Co_(0.2)Zn_(0.3)Ni_(0.5)Eu_(x)Fe_(2)-xO_(4) ferrites.Particularly,the coercivity of the Eu doped samples is greater than that of the mother alloy(x=0.00).The EDX study shows that there is no impurity contamination in the ferrites.The permeability and dielectric measurements show an improved quality factor of the Eu-doped samples with low magnetic and dielectric losses.Frequency dependent resistivity and impedance analysis also show the improved nature.From the observed properties of the samples,all the investigated ferrites might be strong candidates for potential applications in memory devices,magnetic sensors,and high frequency applications.

关键词： Ferrites Raree arths Coercivity Permeability EDX Resistivity

Boron-doped high-entropy oxide toward high-rate and long-cycle layered cathodes for wide-temperature sodium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 577-587页

作者： Yuzhen Dang Zhe Xu Yurong Wu Runguo Zheng Zhiyuan Wang Xiaopin Lin Yanguo Liu Zheng-Yao Li Kai Sun Dongfeng Chen Dan Wang School of materials Science and engineering Northeastern University School of Resources and materials Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional material Hebei Province Neutron Scattering Laboratory Department of Nuclear Physics China Institute of Atomic Energy

03-type layered metal oxides hold great promise for sodium-ion batteries cathodes owing to their energy density advantage.However,the severe irreversible phase transition and sluggish Na+diffusion kinetics pose significant challenges to achieve high-performance layered cathodes.Herein,a boron-doped03-type high entropy oxide Na(Fe0.2Co0.15Cu0.05Ni0.2Mn0.2Ti0.2)B0.02O2(NFCCNMT-B0.02) is designed and the covalent B-O bonds with high entropy configuration ensure a robust layered structure.The obtained cathode NFCCNMT-B0.02exhibits impressive cycling performance（capacity retention of 95% and 82% after100 cycles and 300 cycles at 1 and 10 C,respectively） and outstanding rate capability(capacity of 83 mAh g-1at 10 C).Furthermore,the NFCCNMT-B0.02demonstrates a superior wide-temperature performance,maintaining the same capacity level(113,4 mAh g-1@-20℃,121 mAh g-1@25℃,and 119 mAh g-1@60℃) and superior cycle stability（90% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C at-20℃）.The high-entropy configuration design with boron doping strategy contributes to the excellent sodium-ion storage performance.The high-entropy configuration design effectively suppresses irreversible phase transitions accompanied by small volume changes（ΔV=0.65 ?3）.B ions doping expands the Na layer distance and enlarges the P3 phase region,thereby enhancing Na+diffusion kinetics.This work offers valuable insights into design of high-performance layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries operating across a wide temperature.

关键词： Born substitution High entropy oxide Na+ diffusion kinetics Phase transition Sodium-ion batteries