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Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis in children:Association between proteinuria levels and renal outcomes

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2025年第1期14卷 119-126页

作者： Randula Ranawaka Kavinda Dayasiri Udara Sandakelum Dulani Nelson Manoji Gamage department of paediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ColomboColombo 0094Sri Lanka University Paediatric Unit Lady Ridgeway Hospital for ChildrenColombo 0094WesternSri Lanka department of paediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaRagama 0094Sri Lanka University Pediatric Unit Lady Ridgeway Hospital for ChildrenColombo 0094WesternSri Lanka Nutrition Division Ministry of HealthColombo 0094Sri Lanka

BACKGROUND Post-streptococcal acute glomerular nephritis(PSAGN)is mostly a benign *** usual sequelae of PSAGN include hypertension,its complications,and acute kidney *** PSAGN is associated with significant long-term morbidity,and histological abnormalities such as crescentic glomerulonephritis are infrequently *** has also been linked to late-onset chronic kidney disease in some populations due to high levels of *** This prospective observational study was conducted at Lady Ridgeway Hospital(Colombo,Sri Lanka)over 15 *** with PSAGN were enrolled based on clinical and laboratory *** proteinuria≥2+for 2 weeks and serum creatinine>100μmol/L warranted renal biopsy,assessed via light microscopy and *** of complement 3(C3)within 6 to 8 weeks was required for *** on clinical features,urine protein levels,and renal function were collected from patient records,and potential associations were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and R language for statistical *** approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee,Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children(Ref No:LRH/ERC/2021/60).RESULTS Forty-four patients were *** were 27(61.4%)male patients and 17(38.6%)female ***-seven(84%)of them were above 5 years of ***(45%)patients had a history of skin sepsis,and eighteen(41%)had a history of throat *** patients with proteinuria≥2+,53%had serum creatinine>100µmol/L,while among those with proteinuria100µmol/*** association of high-degree proteinuria with elevated serum creatinine was significant(χ²=7.8,P=0.005)in *** odds ratio of the logistic regression model was 1.049(95%confidence interval:1.003-1.098),indicating a positive direction with statistically significant association(P=0.037).There was no significant association between proteinuria and the degree of

关键词： Proteinuria Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis Renal outcome Renal biopsy Crescents Serum creatinine

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Role of astrocytes and microglia in hepatic encephalopathy associated with advanced chronic liver disease:lessons from animal studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第12期20卷 3461-3475页

作者： Wouter Claeys Anja Geerts Lien Van Hoecke Christophe Van Steenkiste Roosmarijn E.Vandenbroucke department of Internal medicine and paediatrics Hepatology Research UnitGhent UniversityGhentBelgium Liver Research Center Ghent Ghent UniversityGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium Barriers in Inflammation VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchVIBGhentBelgium department of Biomedical Molecular Biology Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Antwerp UniversityAntwerpBelgium department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Maria Middelares HospitalGhentBelgium

Hepatic encephalopathy,defined as neuropsychiatric dysfunction secondary to liver disease,is a frequent decompensating event in *** clinical impact is highlighted by a notable increase in patient mortality rates and a concomitant reduction in overall quality of ***,liver disease,liver function failure,portosystemic shunting,and associated multi-organ dysfunction result in the increase of disease-causing neurotoxins in the circulation,which impairs cerebral *** circulating neurotoxins are ammonia and inflammatory *** the brain,pathophysiology is less well understood,but is thought to be driven by glial cell *** are the only brain resident cells that have ammonia-metabolizing machinery and are therefore putatively most susceptible to ammonia *** on a large body of mostly in vitro evidence,ammonia-induced cellular and molecular disturbances include astrocyte swelling and oxidative ***,the brain resident macrophages,have been linked to the translation of systemic inflammation to the brain *** evidence from animal studies has provided novel insights into old and new downstream effects of astrocyte and microglial dysfunction such as toxin clearance disruption and myeloid cell attraction to the central nervous system ***,state of the art research increasingly implicates neuronal dysfunction and possibly even irreversible neuronal cell ***-type specific investigation in animal models highlights the need for critical revision of the contribution of astrocytes and microglia to well-established and novel cellular and molecular alterations in hepatic *** this review,we therefore give a current and comprehensive overview of causes,features,and consequences of astrocyte and microglial dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy,including areas of interest for future investigation.

关键词： ammonia astrocytes cirrhosis hepatic encephalopathy microglia neuroinflammation osmotic stress oxidative stress systemic inflammation

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Review of evolution of clinical, training and educational services and research program for autism spectrum disorders in Hong Kong

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第10期58卷 991-1009页

作者： Virginia Chun-Nei WONG Cheuk-Wing FUNG So-Lun LEE Polly Tsz Yan WONG department of paediatrics and adolescent medicine the University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital

The evolution of a local fragmented model of services for children with autism in Hong Kong emerged gradually over the past three decades with lack of government funding or support. This had been due to increasing number of children with autism being detected and referred for earlier assessment. With increasing pressure from parents due to long waiting time for assessment and training services and the increasing polarization by mass media there had been a gradual increasing public awareness over the past five years. Though still highly fragmented in the availability of services, there is a growing "business model" available in the community due to increasing need and lack of public funding for support. There is a lack of strategic planning for medical diagnostic and management issues in Hong Kong. Our University of Hong Kong based Autism Research Program was pioneered in 1985 based on the increasing load of autism cases referred for assessment for other developmental problems and diagnosed as Autism in the Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital. As the first author has been the staff of the University of Hong Kong, this program flourished as a research based program. The benefits of early identification and intervention of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) had been increasingly recognized, and with the increased public awareness and increasing trend of earlier diagnosis, there has been a continuously high demand from parents for earlier assessment and training for children suspected to have ASD. This model had not received extra funding for this integrated program for research, teaching and training in autism. We had to apply for various donations and grants to support the development of this pioneer program. The research output and organization of forums for public education and awareness are reviewed. The latter part of the paper reports the summary of clinical profile of autism cases(N=1441) assessed from 1985 to 2010 June under the University of Hong Kong. As the waiti

关键词： autism spectrum disorder (ASD) autism Asperger syndrome children

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Primary Immunodeficiencies:“New” Disease in an Old Country

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2009年第6期6卷 397-406页

作者： Pamela P.W.Lee Yu-Lung Lau department of paediatrics and adolescent medicine The University of Hong KongHKSARChina department of paediatrics and adolescent medicine Room 1171/F New Clinical BuildingQueen Mary HospitalPokfulamHong KongChina

Primary immunodeficiency disorders(PIDs)are rare inborn errors of the immune *** with PIDs are unique models that exemplify the functional and phenotypic consequences of various immune defects underlying infections,autoimmunity,lymphoproliferation,allergy and *** 150 PID syndromes were characterized in the past 60 years,with an ever growing list of new entities being *** of their rarity,multi-center collaboration for pooled data analysis and molecular studies is important to gain meaningful insights into the phenotypic and genetic diversities of *** this article,we summarize our research findings on PIDs in Chinese population in the past 20 *** collaboration among various immunology centers,cross-referrals and systematic data analysis constitute the foundation for research on *** directions include establishment of a national PID registry,raising awareness of PIDs and securing sufficient resources for patient care and scientific research.

关键词： primary immunodeficiency disorders immunodeficiencies development research China

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CD137 costimulation enhances the antiviral activity of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells against influenza virus

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 1746-1755页

作者： Yujun Pei Kun Wen Zheng Xiang Chunyu Huang Xiwei Wang Xiaofeng Mu Liyan Wen Yinping Liu Wenwei Tu department of paediatrics and adolescent medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Influenza epidemics and pandemics are constant threats to global public *** strategies including vaccines and antiviral drugs have achieved great advances in controlling influenza virus infection,the efficacy of these strategies is limited by the highly frequent mutations in the viral genome and the emergence of drug-resistant *** previous study indicated that boosting the immunity of human Vγ9Vδ2-T cells with the phosphoantigen pamidronate could be a therapeutic strategy to treat seasonal and avian influenza virus ***,one notable drawback ofγδ-T cell-based immunotherapy is the rapid exhaustion of proliferation and effector responses due to repeated treatments with ***,we found that the expression of CD137 was inducible in Vγ9Vδ2-T cells following antigenic ***137^(+)Vγ9Vδ2-T cells displayed more potent antiviral activity against influenza virus than their CD137−counterparts in vitro and in Rag2^(-/-)γc^(-/-)*** further demonstrated that CD137 costimulation was essential for Vγ9Vδ2-T cell activation,proliferation,survival and effector *** humanized mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells,CD137 costimulation with a recombinant human CD137L protein boosted the therapeutic effects of pamidronate against influenza *** study provides a novel strategy of targeting CD137 to improve the efficacy of Vγ9Vδ2-T cell-based immunotherapy.

关键词： CD137 influenza drugs

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Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas in an adolescent:A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2025年第3期17卷 424-430页

作者： Aakriti Sapkota Rajesh Paudel Sandip Pandey Navin Bhatt department of medicine B.P.Koirala Institute of Health SciencesDharan 56700KoshiNepal department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging B.P.Koirala Institute of Health SciencesDharan 56700KoshiNepal department of medicine NYC Health+Hospitals/ElmhurstIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiElmhurstNY 11373United States

BACKGROUND Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm(SPN)of the pancreas is a rare epithelial tumor that primarily affects young *** the condition is often asymptomatic or presents with non-specific symptoms,its diagnosis can be *** SUMMARY This report details the case of a 15-year-old girl who presented with a 2-year history of abdominal pain,with no significant findings during physical *** ultrasound revealed a well-defined heterogeneous solidcystic mass in the epigastric region,likely originating from the tail of the pancreas.A subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan indicated a welldefined cystic lesion with an enhancing solid component and capsule in the tail of the pancreas,suggestive of a cystic *** patient underwent an open distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy,and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of SPN of the *** This case highlights the risk of SPN in adolescent girls and the necessity of early diagnosis and intervention for better outcomes.

关键词： adolescents Pseudopapillary neoplasm Pancreas Pancreatectomy Splenectomy Postoperative pancreatic fistula Case report

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Pediatric COVID‑19:what disease is this?

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第4期16卷 323-325页

作者： Kam Lun Ellis Hon Karen Ka Yan Leung department of paediatrics and adolescent medicine The Hong Kong Children’s HospitalHong Kong SARChina

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic spares no nations or cities causing escalating incidence and ***,prime ministers,celebrities and high government officials alike have been affected by the *** peculiar reasons,children and infants have generally been spared in Hong Kong,China until recently,when returning students from affected cities with the virus who largely presented with mild *** fact,several countries have reported on pediatric COVID-19.

关键词： mortality officials Royal

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A model for early clinical detection of pediatric monogenic lupus: implications for the future of digital medicine

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第11期20卷 1103-1104页

作者： WanlingYang department of paediatrics and adolescent medicine LKS Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a prototype autoimmune disease,mainly affecting women of childbearing *** most adult-onset lupus involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors,approximately 15%o... 详细信息

关键词： lupus pediatric autoimmune

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In-depth cDNA Library Sequencing Provides Quantitative Gene Expression Profiling in Cancer Biomarker Discovery

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2009年第1期7卷 1-12页

作者： Wanling Yang Dingge Ying Yu-Lung Lau department of paediatrics and adolescent medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Quantitative gene expression analysis plays an important role in identifying differentially expressed genes in various pathological states, gene expression regulation and co-regulation, shedding light on gene functions. Although microarray is widely used as a powerful tool in this regard, it is suboptimal quantitatively and unable to detect unknown gene variants. Here we demonstrated effective detection of differential expression and co-regulation of certain genes by expressed sequence tag analysis using a selected subset of cDNA libraries. We discussed the issues of sequencing depth and library preparation, and propose that increased sequencing depth and improved preparation procedures may allow detection of many expression features for less abundant gene variants. With the reduction of sequencing cost and the emerging of new generation sequencing technology, in-depth sequencing of cDNA pools or libraries may represent a better and powerful tool in gene expression profiling and cancer biomarker detection. We also propose using sequence-specific subtraction to remove hundreds of the most abundant housekeeping genes to increase sequencing depth without affecting relative expression ratio of other genes, as transcripts from as few as 300 most abundantly expressed genes constitute about 20% of the total transcriptome. In-depth sequencing also represents a unique advantage of detecting unknown forms of transcripts, such as alternative splicing variants, fusion genes, and regulatory RNAs, as well as detecting mutations and polymorphisms that may play important roles in disease pathogenesis.

关键词： cDNA sequencing sequencing depth expressed sequence tag sequence-specific subtraction,biomarker,mutation detection

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Prediabetes in children and adolescents:An updated review

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 263-272页

作者： Hak Yung Ng Louis Tsz Wang Chan department of paediatrics and adolescent medicine Tseung Kwan O HospitalHong KongChina

Prediabetes,the precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus,is an intermediate stage between normal glucose homeostasis and overt *** asymptomatic metabolic state is increasingly prevalent in pediatric population and is very difficult to detect without appropriate *** have shown that a certain proportion of children with prediabetes will develop diabetes in a few *** more alarming is the evidence that youth-onset diabetes has a more aggressive clinical course with progressive beta-cell decline and accelerated endorgan *** its importance,several aspects involving prediabetes in childhood are disputed or *** review presents the latest insights into this challenging entity and outlines a simplified screening approach to aid clinical *** summary,childhood prediabetes is an important clinical condition indicating the need for proper screening and timely intervention.

关键词： Prediabetes Screening Diagnosis Management Obesity Type 2 diabetes mellitus Children

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