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Heterogeneous patterning of blood-brain barrier and adaptive myelination as renewing key in gray and white matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 481-482页

作者： Barbara Pavan department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferraravia L BorsariFerraraItalyCenter for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication(CTNSC)Italian Institute of Technology(IIT)via Fossato di MortaraFerraraItaly

Background:Development and homeostasis of the brain are enabled through the precise control of the cell microenvironment by the blood-brain barrier(BBB),which interfaces between the brain parenchyma and the lumen of blood microvessels,and by the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier,which separates the cerebrospinal fluid from the blood vessels of the choroid plexus(Villabona-Rueda et al.,2019).Here,the focus will be on the BBB,the impairment of which is considered the earliest common denominator in neurovascular diseases.

关键词： homeostasis blood

Exercised blood plasma promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 245-255页

作者： Cecilie Skarstad Norevik Aleksi M.Huuha Ragnhild N.RФsbjФrgen Linda Hildegard Bergersen Kamilla Jacobsen Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos Liv Ryan Belma Skender Jose Bianco N.Moreira Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen Menno P.Witter Nathan Scrimgeour Atefe R.Tari Cardiac Exercise Research Group(CERG) Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway department of Neurology and Clinical neurophysiology St.Olavs University Hospital7030TrondheimNorway Institute of Oral Biology University of Oslo0372OsloNorway department of Physiology Federal University of SergipeS~ao Cristov~ao49100-000SergipeBrazil Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience Centre for Neural Computationand Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical MicrocircuitsNorwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway K.G.Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease Norwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway

Background:Exercise training promotes brain plasticity and is associated with protection against cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).These beneficial effects may be partly mediated by blood-borne factors.Here we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood plasma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability,and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such plasma impacts cognitive function,amyloid pathology,and neurogenesis.Methods:Mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were exposed to AD-like stress using amyloid-βand treated with plasma collected from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity exercise.For in vivo studies,blood was collected from exercise-trained young male Wistar rats(high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks).Transgenic AD rats(McGill-R-Thyl-APP)were inj ected 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at2 months or 5 months of age with either(a)plasma from the exercise-trained rats,(b)plasma from sedentary rats,or(c)saline.Cognitive function,amyloid plaque pathology,and neurogenesis were assessed.The plasma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 cytokines.Results:Plasma from exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1%(p=0.032)and reduced atrophy by 50.0%(p<0.001)in amyloid-β-treated cells.In vivo exercised plasma treatment did not alter cognitive function or amyloid plaque pathology but did increase hippocampal neurogenesis by~3 fold,regardless of pathological stage,when compared to saline-treated rats.Concentrations of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised plasma compared to sedentary plasma.Conclusion:Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that plasma from exercise-trained donors can protect neuronal cells in culture and promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the AD rat brain.This effect may be partly due to reduced pro-inflammatory signaling molecules in exercised plasma.

关键词： Cytokines High-intensity interval training Inflammation Neurons Plasma transfusion

Fetal lung growth predicts the risk for early-life respiratory infections and childhood asthma

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期20卷 481-495页

作者： Dimitra E.Zazara Olympia Giannou Steven Schepanski Mirja Pagenkemper Anastasios D.Giannou Maike Pincus Ioannis Belios Stefan Bonn Ania C.Muntau Kurt Hecher Anke Diemert Petra Clara Arck Division for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Fetal MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE)Martinistraße 5220251HamburgGermany University Children’s Hospital UKEHamburgGermany Computer Engineering and Informatics department Polytechnic SchoolUniversity of PatrasPatrasGreece Institute of Developmental neurophysiology Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg(ZMNH)UKEHamburgGermany department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine UKEHamburgGermany department of General Visceral and Thoracic SurgeryUKEHamburgGermany Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology I.Department of MedicineUKEHamburgGermany Pediatrics and Pediatric Pneumology Practice BerlinGermany Institute of Medical Systems Biology ZMNHUKEHamburgGermany Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology UKEHamburgGermany

Background Early-life respiratory infections and asthma are major health burdens during childhood.Markers predicting an increased risk for early-life respiratory diseases are sparse.Here,we identified the predictive value of ultrasound-monitored fetal lung growth for the risk of early-life respiratory infections and asthma.Methods Fetal lung size was serially assessed at standardized time points by transabdominal ultrasound in pregnant women participating in a pregnancy cohort.Correlations between fetal lung growth and respiratory infections in infancy or early-onset asthma at five years were examined.Machine-learning models relying on extreme gradient boosting regressor or classifier algorithms were developed to predict respiratory infection or asthma risk based on fetal lung growth.For model development and validation,study participants were randomly divided into a training and a testing group,respectively,by the employed algorithm.Results Enhanced fetal lung growth throughout pregnancy predicted a lower early-life respiratory infection risk.Male sex was associated with a higher risk for respiratory infections in infancy.Fetal lung growth could also predict the risk of asthma at five years of age.We designed three machine-learning models to predict the risk and number of infections in infancy as well as the risk of early-onset asthma.The models’R2 values were 0.92,0.90 and 0.93,respectively,underscoring a high accuracy and agreement between the actual and predicted values.Influential variables included known risk factors and novel predictors,such as ultrasound-monitored fetal lung growth.Conclusion Sonographic monitoring of fetal lung growth allows to predict the risk for early-life respiratory infections and asthma.

关键词： Asthma Child risk Early-life respiratory infections Prenatal lung development Sexual dimorphism

Early anticoagulation in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation is associated with fewer ischaemic lesions at 1 month: the ATTUNE study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 30-37,I0034页

作者： Angelos Sharobeam Longting Lin Christina Lam Carlos Garcia-Esperon Yash Gawarikar Ronak Patel Matthew Lee-Archer Andrew Wong Michael Roizman Amanda Gilligan Andrew Lee Kee Meng Tan Susan Day Christopher Levi Stephen M Davis Mark Parsons Bernard Yan Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital ParkvilleVictoriaAustralia University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical School LiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia department of Neurology Calvary Public HospitalCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia department of Neurology Northern Hospital EppingEppingVictoriaAustralia department of Neurology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalHerstonQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland School of Medicine HerstonQueenslandAustralia Neurosciences Clinical Institute Epworth HealthcareRichmondVirginiaAustralia department of Neurology Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia department of Neurology Gold Coast University HospitalSouthportQueenslandAustralia The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School St LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia department of Neurology and neurophysiology Liverpool HospitalLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia

Background The optimal time to commence anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF)after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack(TIA)is unclear,with guidelines differing in recommendations.A limitation of previous studies is the focus on clinically overt stroke,rather than radiologically obvious diffusion-weighted imaging ischaemic lesions.We aimed to quantify silent ischaemic lesions and haemorrhages on MRI at 1month in patients commenced on early(5mL,regardless of anticoagulation timing.Conclusion Commencing anticoagulation<4days after stroke or TIA is associated with fewer ischaemic lesions at 1month in AF patients.There is no increased rate of haemorrhage with early anticoagulation.These results suggest that early anticoagulation after mild-to-moderate acute ischaemic stroke associated with AF might be safe,but randomised controlled s

关键词： patients lesions ischaemic

Status of biomarker development for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2117-2118页

作者： Yue Yang Qi Cheng Jianqun Gao Woojin Scott Kim Brain and Mind Centre&School of Medical Sciences The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia department of Neurology and neurophysiology Liverpool HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia Stroke and Neurology Research Group Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation ShanghaiChina Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine ShanghaiChina Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence Shanghai Fourth People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Frontotemporal dementia(FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) are neurodegenerative diseases that belong to the same disease spectrum,with overlapping of genetic and pathological features.Genetic mutations in TA... 详细信息

关键词： amyotrophic sclerosis diseases

Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma in rodents:A narrative review

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期7卷 195-207页

作者： Maryam Golmohammadi Seyed Arash Aghaei Meibodi Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash Al-Hawary Jitendra Gupta Ibrohim B.Sapaev Mazin A.A.Najm Marim Alwave Mozhgan Nazifi Mohammadreza Rahmani Mohammad Yasin Zamanian Gervason Moriasi School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran department of Business Administration Business SchoolAl al-Bayt UniversityMafraqJordan Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA UniversityMathuraIndia Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers TashkentUzbekistan New Uzbekistan University TashkentUzbekistan Pharmaceutical Chemistry department College of PharmacyAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarIraq Medical Technical College Al-Farahidi UniversityBaghdadIraq department of Neurology Hamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center Research Institute of Basic Medical SciencesRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of MedicineRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran neurophysiology Research Center Hamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran department of Medical Biochemistry School of MedicineCollege of Health SciencesMount Kenya UniversityThikaKenya

Glaucoma,an irreversible optic neuropathy,primarily affects retinal ganglion cells(RGC)and causes vision loss and blindness.The damage to RGCs in glaucoma occurs by various mechanisms,including elevated intraocular pressure,oxidative stress,inflammation,and other neurodegenerative processes.As the disease progresses,the loss of RGCs leads to vision loss.Therefore,protecting RGCs from damage and promoting their survival are important goals in managing glaucoma.In this regard,resveratrol(RES),a polyphenolic phytoalexin,exerts antioxidant effects and slows down the evolution and progression of glaucoma.The present review shows that RES plays a protective role in RGCs in cases of ischemic injury and hypoxia as well as in ErbB2 protein expression in the retina.Additionally,RES plays protective roles in RGCs by promoting cell growth,reducing apoptosis,and decreasing oxidative stress in H_(2)O_(2)-exposed RGCs.RES was also found to inhibit oxidative stress damage in RGCs and suppress the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.RES could alleviate retinal function impairment by suppressing the hypoxia-i nducible factor-1 alpha/vascular endothelial growth factor and p38/p53 axes while stimulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.Therefore,RES might exert potential therapeutic effects for managing glaucoma by protecting RGCs from damage and promoting their survival.

关键词： glaucoma ischemic-reperfusion injury oxidative stress resveratrol retinal ganglion cells

Symmetric DWI hyperintensities in CMT1X patients after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should not be classified as stroke-like lesions

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第16期11卷 3929-3931页

作者： Josef Finsterer department of Neurology Neurology&Neurophysiology CenterVienna 1180Austria

The interesting case report by Zhang et al on a 39 years-old male with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1X has several limitations.The causal relation between the two episodes of asyndesis,dysphagia,and dyspnea 37 d after the second dose of the inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)vaccine(Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,China)remains unproven.SARS-CoV-2 vaccination cannot trigger a genetic disorder.It also remains unsupported that the patient had a stroke-like episode(SLE).SLEs occur in mitochondrial disorders but not in hereditary neuropathies.Because of the episodic nature of the neurological symptoms,it is critical to rule out seizures.Overall,the causal relation between vaccination and the neurological complications remains unsupported and the interpretation of symmetric diffusionweighted imaging lesions on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging should be carefully revised.

关键词： Stroke-like episode Stroke-like lesion SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Side effect

Safety,immunogenicity,efficacy,and acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis:a narrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第2期18卷 284-288页

作者： Fioravante Capone Mariagrazia Rossi Alessandro Cruciani Francesco Motolese Fabio Pilato Vincenzo Di Lazzaro Neurology Neurophysiology and Neurobiology UnitDepartment of MedicineCampus Bio-Medico of Rome UniversityRomeItaly

In the last two years,a new seve re acute res piratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)infection has spread worldwide leading to the death of millions.Va ccination represents the key factor in the global strategy against this pandemic,but it also poses several problems,especially for vulnerable people such as patients with multiple scle rosis.In this review,we have briefly summarized the main findings of the safety,efficacy,and acceptability of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination fo r multiple sclerosis patients.Although the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccines has progressively increased in the last year,a small but significant part of patients with multiple sclerosis still has relevant concerns about vaccination that make them hesitant about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.Overall,available data suggest that the COVID-19 vaccination is safe and effective in multiple scle rosis patients,even though some pharmacological treatments such as anti-CD20 therapies or sphingosine I-phosphate receptor modulato rs can reduce the immune response to vaccination.Accordingly,COVID-19 vaccination should be strongly recommended for people with multiple scle rosis and,in patients treated with anti-CD20 therapies and sphingosine I-phosphate receptor modulato rs,and clinicians should evaluate the appropriate timing for vaccine administration.Further studies are necessary to understand the role of cellular immunity in COVID-19 vaccination and the possible usefulness of booster jabs.On the other hand,it is mandatory to learn more about the reasons why people refuse vaccination.This would help to design a more effective communication campaign aimed at increasing vaccination coverage among vulnerable people.

关键词： COVID-19 multiple sclerosis SARS-CoV-2 vaccination vaccine

Neurophysiological, histological, and behavioral characterization of animal models of distraction spinal cord injury: a systematic review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 563-570页

作者： Bo Han Weishi Liang Yong Hai Duan Sun Hongtao Ding Yihan Yang Peng Yin department of Orthopedics Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Distraction spinal cord injury is caused by some degree of distraction or longitudinal tension on the spinal cord and commonly occurs in patients who undergo corrective operation for severe spinal deformity.With the increased degree and duration of distraction,spinal cord injuries become more serious in terms of their neurophysiology,histology,and behavior.Very few studies have been published on the specific characteristics of distraction spinal cord injury.In this study,we systematically review 22 related studies involving animal models of distraction spinal cord injury,focusing particularly on the neurophysiological,histological,and behavioral characteristics of this disease.In addition,we summarize the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary injuries caused by distraction spinal cord injury and clarify the effects of different degrees and durations of distraction on the primary injuries associated with spinal cord injury.We provide new concepts for the establishment of a model of distraction spinal cord injury and related basic research,and provide reference guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

关键词： animal models behavior distraction heterogeneity histology mechanism neurophysiology spinal cord injury systematic review tension