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The face mask: A tale from protection to pollution and demanding sustainable solution

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第2期10卷 13-25页

作者： Madhusmita Mohanty Jyotirmayee Mohanty Sudeshna Dey Kasturi Dutta Maulin P.Shah Alok Prasad Das department of life sciences Rama Devi Women's UniversityBhubaneswar.OdishaIndia department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyRourkela769008India Environmental Microbiology Lab BharuchGujaratIndia

The usage of face masks in various sectors of healthcare facilities dates back to years ***,the utilization of facial coverings experienced a rapid surge as a result of the escalating rate of COVID-19 infections witnessed across the entire *** culminated in an unparalleled inundation of disposed facial coverings within the surrounding *** transforms the face mask from a potent protectant into a massive emerging solid plastic waste pollutant with long-term adverse effects on the environment and human *** utilization of facial coverings on a worldwide scale escalated to an immensely significant 129 billion per month at the onset of the ***-based technologies have been integrated into mask manufacturing chains to increase performance and provide antiviral *** encompasses multidisciplinary aspects including artificial intelligence,chemistry,biology,material science,physical science,and *** of this review aims to make discarded face masks into a sustainable solution to many environmental *** addition,it culminates collaborative and well-conducted trials,done for generating sustainable greener solutions for disposed face masks with the intention that usage of face masks in an environment-friendly *** the preceding,the purpose of this review is to discuss the evolution of discarded face masks from sentinel pathogens to emerging environmental pollutants over time,as well as to comprehend the effect of discarded face masks on the biosphere,human health,and the food chain,by developing scientifically validated strategies to treat discarded face masks for a sustainable future.

关键词： Face masks Plastic waste Environmental pollution Sustainable management

Lactate regulates major zygotic genome activation by H3K18 lactylation in mammals

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 124-134页

作者： Jingyu Li Weibo Hou Qi Zhao Wei Han Hongdi Cui Songling Xiao Ling Zhu Jiadan Qu Xiaoyu Liu Weitao Cong Jingling Shen Yuzheng Zhao Shaorong Gao Guoning Huang Qingran Kong Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo Engineering Center for Reproductive Medicine Chongqing Health Center for Women and ChildrenWomen and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Oujiang Laboratory Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of EducationSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research School of Life Sciences and Technology Tongji University School of Pharmaceutical Science Wenzhou Medical University Institute of life sciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences Wenzhou University Optogenetics&Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology

Lactate is present at a high level in the microenvironment of mammalian preimplantation embryos in vivo and in vitro. However, its role in preimplantation development is unclear. Here, we report that lactate is highly enriched in the nuclei of early embryos when major zygotic genome activation(ZGA) occurs in humans and mice. The inhibition of its production and uptake results in developmental arrest at the 2-cell stage, major ZGA failure, and loss of lactate-derived H3K18lac, which could be rescued by the addition of Lac-Co A and recapitulated by overexpression of H3K18R mutation. By profiling the landscape of H3K18lac during mouse preimplantation development, we show that H3K18lac is enriched on the promoter regions of most major ZGA genes and correlates with their expressions. In humans, H3K18lac is also enriched in ZGA markers and temporally concomitant with their expressions. Taken together, we profile the landscapes of H3K18lac in mouse and human preimplantation embryos, and demonstrate the important role for H3K18lac in major ZGA, showing that a conserved metabolic mechanism underlies preimplantation development of mammalian embryos.

关键词： mammalian preimplantation development lactate epigenetic remodeling histone lactylation zygotic genome activation

Holevo bound independent of weight matrices for estimating two parameters of a qubit

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 137-143页

作者：牛畅郁司夏 department of Modern Physics&Hefei National Research Center for Physical sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China

Holevo bound plays an important role in quantum metrology as it sets the ultimate limit for multi-parameter estimations,which can be asymptotically *** for some trivial cases,the Holevo bound is implicitly defined and formulated with the help of weight *** we report the first instance of an intrinsic Holevo bound,namely,without any reference to weight matrices,in a nontrivial ***,we prove that the Holevo bound for estimating two parameters of a qubit is equivalent to the joint constraint imposed by two quantum Cramér–Rao bounds corresponding to symmetric and right logarithmic *** weightless form of Holevo bound enables us to determine the precise range of independent entries of the mean-square error matrix,i.e.,two variances and one covariance that quantify the precisions of the estimation,as illustrated by different estimation *** result sheds some new light on the relations between the Holevo bound and quantum Cramer–Rao *** generalizations are discussed.

关键词： quantum metrology quantum Fisher information Holevo bound quantum multi-parameter estimation

An Innovative Approach Using TKN-Cryptology for Identifying the Replay Assault

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 589-616页

作者： Syeda Wajiha Zahra Muhammad Nadeem Ali Arshad Saman Riaz Muhammad Abu Bakr Ashit Kumar Dutta Zaid Alzaid Badr Almutairi Sultan Almotairi department of Computer Science Alhamd Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan department of Computer Science and technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China department of Computer Science National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan department of Electrical Engineering National University of TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer and Information SystemsIslamic University of MadinahMedinah42351Saudi Arabia department of Information technology College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology CollegeMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia department of Natural and Applied sciences Faculty of Community CollegeMajmaah UniversityMajmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Various organizations store data online rather than on physical *** the number of user’s data stored in cloud servers increases,the attack rate to access data from cloud servers also *** researchers worked on different algorithms to protect cloud data from replay *** of the papers used a technique that simultaneously detects a full-message and partial-message replay *** study presents the development of a TKN(Text,Key and Name)cryptographic algorithm aimed at protecting data from replay *** program employs distinct ways to encrypt plain text[P],a user-defined Key[K],and a Secret Code[N].The novelty of the TKN cryptographic algorithm is that the bit value of each text is linked to another value with the help of the proposed algorithm,and the length of the cipher text obtained is twice the length of the original *** the scenario that an attacker executes a replay attack on the cloud server,engages in cryptanalysis,or manipulates any data,it will result in automated modification of all associated values inside the *** mechanism has the benefit of enhancing the detectability of replay ***,the attacker cannot access data not included in any of the papers,regardless of how effective the attack strategy *** the end of paper,the proposed algorithm’s novelty will be compared with different algorithms,and it will be discussed how far the proposed algorithm is better than all other algorithms.

关键词： Replay attack malware message attack file encryption cryptology data security

Metabolomic-based analysis reveals bile acid-mediated ovarian failure induced by low temperature in zebrafish

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Zoological Research 2024年第4期45卷 791-804页

作者： Wen-Hao Li Zhi-Qiang Li Meng-Di Bu Jia-Zhen Li Liang-Biao Chen Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of EducationCollege of Fisheries and Life SciencesShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266237China International Research Center for Marine Biosciences Ministry of Science and TechnologyCollege of Fisheries and Life SciencesShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai 201306China

As ectotherms, fish are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can profoundly impact their reproductive cycles. In this study, we investigated the fertility and histological characteristics of zebrafish(Danio rerio) ovaries exposed to a temperature gradient ranging from the thermopreferendum temperature of the species,27℃, to lower temperatures of 22℃, 20℃, and 13℃ over a period of two weeks. Comparative metabolomic(six biological replicates for each temperature) and transcriptomic(four biological replicates for each temperature) analyses were conducted under the four temperature conditions. Results indicated that lower temperatures inhibited oocyte development and differential metabolites were involved in steroid hormone production,antioxidant function, and lipid and protein *** reproductive hormones, increased proteolysis,and lipid degradation significantly impeded oocyte development and egg maturation. Notably, a significant increase in bile acid content was noted in the ovaries of the cold-treated fish, indicating that bile acids play a critical role in ovarian failure. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms governing the reproductive response of fish to cold stress.

关键词： old stress Ovarian failure Metabolome Zebrafish

Hopf bifurcation in a delayed prey-predator model with prey refuge involving fear effect

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第5期17卷 1-32页

作者： Ankit Parwaliya Anuraj Singh Ajay Kumar department of Applied sciences ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and ManagementGwalior 474015India

This work investigates a prey-predator model featuring a Holling-type II functional response,in which the fear effect of predation on the prey species,as well as prey refuge,are ***,the model assumes that the growth rate of the prey population decreases as a result of the fear of ***,the detection of the predator by the prey species is subject to a delay known as the fear response delay,which is incorporated into the *** paper establishes the preliminary conditions for the solution of the delayed model,including positivity,boundedness and *** paper discusses the existence and stability of equilibrium points in the *** particular,the paper considers the discrete delay as a bifurcation parameter,demonstrating that the system undergoes Hopf bifurcation at a critical value of the delay *** direction and stability of periodic solutions are determined using central manifold and normal form ***,the global stability of the model is established at axial and positive equilibrium *** extensive numerical simulation is presented to validate the analytical findings,including the continuation of the equilibrium branch for positive equilibrium points.

关键词： Hopf bifurcation fear effect prey refuge periodic solutions time delay branch off

Influence of railway wheel tread damage on wheel-rail impact loads and the durability of wheelsets

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 20-35页

作者： Michele Maglio Tore Vernersson Jens C.O.Nielsen Anders Ekberg Elena Kabo CHARMEC Department of Mechanical and Maritime SciencesChalmers University of TechnologySE‑41296 GothenburgSweden

Dynamic wheel-rail contact forces induced by a severe form of wheel tread damage have been measured by a wheel impact load detector during full-scale field tests at different vehicle *** on laser scanning,the measured three-dimensional damage geometry is employed in simulations of dynamic vehicle-track interaction to calibrate and verify a simulation *** relation between the magnitude of the impact load and various operational parameters,such as vehicle speed,lateral position of wheel-rail contact,track stiffness and position of impact within a sleeper bay,is *** calibrated model is later employed in simulations featuring other forms of tread damage;their effects on impact load and subsequent fatigue impact on bearings,wheel webs and subsurface initiated rolling contact fatigue of the wheel tread are *** results quantify the effects of wheel tread defects and are valuable in a shift towards condition-based maintenance of running gear,and for general assessment of the severity of different types of railway wheel tread damage.

关键词： Wheel tread damage Rolling contact fatigue cluster Field measurements Dynamic vehicle-track interaction Wheel-rail impact load Wheelset durability

Leading directions and effective distance of larch offspring dispersal at the upper treeline in the Northern and Polar Urals, Russia

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 603-617页

作者： P.A.Moiseev V.L.Semerikov T.V.Semerikova D.S.Balakin I.B.Vorobiev S.O.Viuykhin Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesEkaterinburg620144Russia Center for Genetics and life Science Sirius University of Science and Technology354340SochiRussia

Climate has changed sufficiently over the last 150 years and forced out upper treeline advance at the most studied sites around the *** rate of advance has been extremely variable–from tens to hundreds meters in *** is because the degree at which tree frontal populations respond to climate change depends on the complex interaction of biological and physical *** resulting stand pattern is the consequence of the interaction between dispersal and survival functions.A few publications have addressed the question of how this pattern is *** order to understand how the spatial structure of tree stands was formed at the upper limit of their distribution in the Ural Mountains,we assessed the distance and direction of dispersal of offspring from maternal *** found that in frontal Larix sibirica ***,‘effective’dispersal of offspring ranges from 3 to 758 m(with a median of 20–33 m in open forest and 219 m in single-tree tundra in the Polar Urals and 107 m in open forest in the Northern Urals).We revealed that most of the offspring effectively dispersed not only in the direction of the prevailing winds,but also in the opposite direction up the slope,and the distance can reach 500–760 *** data obtained can be used to develop an individual-based model which is capable of simulating in detail the dynamics of tree stands at the upper limit of their growth and reliably predicting the future position and pattern of treeline ecotone as growth conditions continue to improve in the face of observed climate change.

关键词： Effective dispersal distance Upper treeline Parentage analysis Age estimation Terrestrial laser scanning Larix sibirica Ural mountains

Suppression and synchronization of chaos in uncertain time-delay physical system

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第3期39卷 416-437页

作者： Israr Ahmad Muhammad Shafiq department of Preparatory Studies Centre University of Technology and Applied SciencesNizwaOman department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityOman

The mechanical horizontal platform(MHP)system exhibits a rich chaotic *** chaotic MHP system has applications in the earthquake and offshore *** article proposes a robust adaptive continuous control(RACC)*** investigates the control and synchronization of chaos in the uncertain MHP system with time-delay in the presence of unknown state-dependent and time-dependent *** closed-loop system contains most of the nonlinear terms that enhance the complexity of the dynamical system;it improves the efficiency of the *** proposed RACC approach(a)accomplishes faster convergence of the perturbed state variables(synchronization errors)to the desired steady-state,(b)eradicates the effect of unknown state-dependent and time-dependent disturbances,and(c)suppresses undesirable chattering in the feedback control *** paper describes a detailed closed-loop stability analysis based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional theory and Lyapunov stability *** provides parameter adaptation laws that confirm the convergence of the uncertain parameters to some constant *** computer simulation results endorse the theoretical findings and provide a comparative performance.

关键词： chaotic horizontal platform system chaos suppression chaos synchronization robust adaptive control Lyapunov stability theory