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Dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes:a 16-year prospective cohort study

Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Lu Gan Yi Yang Bin Zhao Kai Yu Kehua Guo Fang Fang Zhiguang Zhou Demetrius Albanes Jiaqi Huang Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University CSU-Sinocare Research Center for Nutrition and Metabolic Health Xiangya School of Public Health Central South UniversityFurong Laboratory division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute NIH Department of Health and Human Services School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Institute of Environmental medicine Karolinska Institute National Clinical Research Center for metabolic diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology Ministry of Education and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Despite considerable research underscoring the importance of carbohydrate intake in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes(T2D), a comprehensive assessment of this relationship is currently lacking. We aimed to examine the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with the risk of T2D, to evaluate potential effect modification by other factors, including genetic susceptibility,and to explore the potential mediators for such associations. The present study included 161,872 participants of the UK Biobank who were free of prevalent cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, and had at least one validated 24-h dietary recall assessment. Multivariableadjusted age-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) for the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with risk of T2D. During a median follow-up of13.6 years, 4,176 incident cases of T2D were identified. In the multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of fiber, carbohydrates from whole grains, and carbohydrates from non-starchy vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95% CI]=0.70 [0.62–0.79], 0.74 [0.67–0.82], and 0.83 [0.75–0.92], respectively, all P for trend <0.005). In contrast, a higher intake of starch and carbohydrate from starchy vegetables was associated with an increased risk of T2D(highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95%CI]=1.31 [1.16–1.48] and 1.19 [1.09–1.31], respectively, both P for trend <0.005). Replacing one serving of refined grains or starchy vegetables with an equal amount of whole grains or non-starchy vegetables was associated with 4% to 10% lower risk of T2D(all P values <0.001).The observed associations were generally similar across population subgroups, including individuals with different genetic susceptibility to T2D. Mediation analyses of the inverse association between T

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Circadian regulation of Limulus visual functions:A role for octopamine and cAMP

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 518-536页

作者： Jasbir S.DALAL Barbara-Anne BATTELLE Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and the departments of Neuroscience and Biology University of Florida department of internal medicine and division of human nutrition and metabolic diseases University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

The purpose of this contribution is to review our current understanding of the source and biochemistry of the circadian efferent input to the eyes of the American horseshoe crab Limuluspolyphemus and the impact of this input on the structure, physiology and biochemistry of Limulus eyes. Special emphasis is given to the role of the biogenic amine octopamine and bio- chemical cascades it activates in the eyes. In addition to reviewing published data, we present new data showing that octopamine elevates cAMP levels in Limulus lateral eyes, and we partially characterize the pharmacology of the receptors involved in this response. We also present new data showing that octopamine regulates gene expression in Limulus lateral eyes by activating a cAMP cascade

关键词： Horseshoe crab Circadian rhythms Oetopamine Photoreceptors Substance P Arrestin

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TLR-mediated metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment: potential novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第5期15卷 1-10页

作者： Lan Huang Huaxi Xu Guangyong Peng division of Infectious diseases Allergy and ImmunologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO 63104USA department of Microbiology and Immunology Jiangsu University School of MedicineZhenjiang 212013China Correspondence:G PengMDPhDDivision of Infectious DiseasesAllergy and ImmunologyDepartment of Internal MedicineSaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO 63104USA.

Cellular energy metabolism not only promotes tumor cell growth and metastasis but also directs immune cell survival,proliferation and the ability to perform specific and functional immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.A better understanding of the molecular regulation of metabolism in different cell components in the tumor-suppressive microenvironment is critical for the development of effective strategies for human cancer ***-like receptors(TLRs)have recently been recognized as critical factors involved in tumor pathogenesis,regulating both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating innate and adaptive immune ***,little is known about the molecular crosstalk between TLR signaling and tumor or/and immune cell metabolism,although there is abundant expression of TLRs in these *** this review,we explore the functional role of TLR signaling in reprogramming cell metabolism in the tumor *** particular,we discuss how malignant tumors regulate metabolism to support their growth and survival,summarize more recently identified metabolic profiles of different immune cell subsets and TLR-mediated regulation of cellular metabolism in both tumor and immune cells,and further explore potential strategies targeting cell metabolism for TLR-based cancer *** improved understanding of these issues should open new avenues for the development of novel strategies via TLR-mediated metabolic reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： checkpoint blockade immunotherapy metabolic reprogramming tumor microenvironment warburg effect

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Fatty liver is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease- Evidence from three different disease models: NAFLD, HCV and HIV

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第44期22卷 9674-9693页

作者： Amedeo Lonardo Stefano Ballestri Giovanni Guaraldi Fabio Nascimbeni Dante Romagnoli Stefano Zona Giovanni Targher division of internal medicine and Metabolism Nuovo Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino Estense - Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Azienda Ospedaliera of Modena internal medicine Pavullo Hospital Azienda Ospedaliera of Modena Section of Infectious diseases Department of Medicine University of Modena Section of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Department of Medicine University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona

Fatty liver, which frequently coexists with necroinflammatory and fibrotic changes, may occur in the setting of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and chronic infections due to either hepatitis C virus(HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). These three pathologic conditions are associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease(CVD) and type 2 diabetes(T2D). In this multidisciplinary clinical review, we aim to discuss the ever-expanding wealth of clinical and epidemiological evidence supporting a key role of fatty liver in the development of T2 D and CVD in patients with NAFLD and in those with HCV or HIV infections. For each of these three common diseases, the epidemiological features, pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical implications of the presence of fatty liver in predicting the risk of incident T2 D and CVD are examined in depth. Collectively, the data discussed in this updated review, which follows an innovative comparative approach, further reinforce the conclusion that the presence of fatty/inflamed/fibrotic liver might be a shared important determinant for the development of T2 D and CVD in patients with NAFLD, HCV or HIV. This review may also open new avenues in the clinical and research arenas and paves the way for the planning of future, well-designed prospective and intervention studies.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular risk Fatty liver Fibrosis Hepatitis C-associated dysmetabolic syndrome Hepatitis C virus human immunodeficiency virus Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Steatohepatitis Steatosis Virus-associated fatty liver disease

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Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome after hemorrhoidectomy: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第33期9卷 10238-10243页

作者： Chien-Yu Lee Yuarn-Jang Lee Chia-Che Chen Li-Jen Kuo department of Pediatrics Taoyuan General HospitalMinistry of Health and WelfareTaoyuan 32748Taiwan division of Infectious diseases Department of Internal MedicineTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipei 11031Taiwan division of Infectious diseases Department of Internal MedicineSchool of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031Taiwan division of Colorectal Surgery Department of SurgeryTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipei 11031Taiwan department of Surgery School of MedicineCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031Taiwan

BACKGROUND Streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome after hemorrhoidectomy is rare but may be *** A streptococci have produced various surface proteins and exotoxins due to genetic changes to fight the human body’s immune *** life threatening infection after hemorrhoidectomy rarely occurs,all surgeons should be aware of the potential complications of severe sepsis after hemorrhoidectomy and keep in mind their clinical presenting features in order to diagnose early and administer appropriate and effective therapeutic drugs *** SUMMARY Here,we present a case of a 56-year-old man with a painful thrombotic external hemorrhoid who presented to our outpatient department for *** was no history of systemic diseases or recent disease *** was suggested and *** surgery,the patient developed hypotension,tachycardia,fever with chills and renal function impairment on day 2 *** clinical condition progressed to severe septic shock and metabolic *** patient responded poorly to treatment and expired after 1 d even with use of extracorporeal membrane *** results of the blood and wound cultures showed group A streptococcus *** Although extremely uncommon,all surgeons should be aware of these potential life-threatening septic complications and alert to the presenting features for patients receiving hemorrhoidectomy.

关键词： Hemorrhoid Sepsis Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome Case report

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New therapeutic perspectives in irritable bowel syndrome: Targeting low-grade inflammation, immuno-neuroendocrine axis, motility, secretion and beyond

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第36期23卷 6593-6627页

作者： Emanuele Sinagra Gaetano Cristian Morreale Ghazaleh Mohammadian Giorgio Fusco Valentina Guarnotta Giovanni Tomasello Francesco Cappello Francesca Rossi Georgios Amvrosiadis Dario Raimondo Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Fondazione Istituto Giuseppe GiglioContrada Pietra Pollastra Pisciotto Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience Section of Human AnatomyUniversity of Palermo Unit of Gastroenterology Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Vincenzo Cervello department of medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Unit of internal medicine Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Vincenzo Cervello Section of Cardio-Respiratory and Endocrine-metabolic diseases Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist MedicineUniversity of Palermo

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a chronic,recurring,and remitting functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by abdominal pain,distention,and changes in bowel *** there are several drugs for IBS,effective and approved treatments for one or more of the symptoms for various IBS subtypes are *** understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms such as the role of impaired bile acid metabolism,neurohormonal regulation,immune dysfunction,the epithelial barrier and the secretory properties of the gut has led to advancements in the treatment of *** regards to therapies for restoring intestinal permeability,multiple studies with prebiotics and probiotics are ongoing,even if to date their efficacy has been *** parallel,much progress has been made in targeting low-grade inflammation,especially through the introduction of drugs such as mesalazine and rifaximin,even if a better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the low-grade inflammation in IBS may allow the design of clinical trials that test the efficacy and safety of such *** literature review aims to summarize the findings related to new and investigational therapeutic agents for IBS,most recently developed in preclinical as well as Phase 1 and Phase 2clinical studies.

关键词： Therapy Low grade inflammation Motility Secretion Irritable bowel syndrome Immunoendocrine axis

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Fusobacterium 's link to colorectal neoplasia sequenced: A systematic review and future insights

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8626-8650页

作者： Hisham Hussan Steven K Clinton Kristen Roberts Michael T Bailey division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University division of Medical Oncology Department of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center department of Pediatrics OSU College of Medicine And Center for Microbial PathogenesisThe Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital

AIM To critically evaluate previous scientific evidence on Fusobacterium's role in colorectal neoplasia *** Two independent investigators systematically reviewed all original scientific articles published between January,2000,and July,2017,using Pub Med,EMBASE,and MEDLINE. A total of 355 articles were screened at the abstract level. Of these,only original scientific human,animal,and in vitro studies investigating Fusobacterium and its relationship with colorectal cancer(CRC) were included in the analysis. Abstracts,review articles,studies investigating other colonic diseases,and studies written in other languages than English were excluded from our analysis. Ninety articles were included after removing duplicates,resolving disagreements between the two reviewers,and applying the above *** Studies have consistently identified positive associations between Fusobacterium,especially Fusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum),and CRC. Stronger associations were seen in CRCs proximal to the splenic flexure and Cp G island methylator phenotype(CIMP)-high CRCs. There was evidence of temporality and a biological gradient,with increased F. nucleatum DNA detection and quantity along the traditional adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in CIMP-high CRC precursors. Diet may have a differential impact on colonic F. nucleatum enrichment;evidence suggests that high fiber diet may reduce the risk of a subset of CRCs that are F. nucleatum DNA-positive. Data also suggest shorter CRC and disease-specific survival with increased amount of F. nucleatum DNA in CRC tissue. The pathophysiology of enrichment of F. nucleatum and other Fusobacterium species in colonic tissue is unclear;however,the virulence factors and changes to the local colonic environment with disruption of the protective mucus layer may contribute. The presence of a host lectin(Gal-Gal NAc) in the colonic epithelium may also mediate F. nucleatum attachment to CRC and precursors through interaction with a

关键词： Colon microbiota Fusobacterium Systematic review Fusobacterium nucleatum Colorectal cancer Colorectal polyps Carcinogenesis

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Focus on emerging drugs for the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第45期20卷 16841-16857页

作者： Alessandro Federico Claudio Zulli Ilario de Sio Anna Del Prete Marcello Dallio Mario Masarone Carmela Loguercio department of Clinical and Experimental medicine F.Magrassi e A.Lanzara Hepatogastroenterology Division Interuniversity Research Centre on Food Nutrition and the Gastrointestinal Tract (CIRANAD)-Second University of Naples department of internal medicine and Hepatology University of Salerno

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most common liver disorder in Western countries and is increasingly being recognized in developing *** liver disease encompasses a spectrum of hepatic pathology,ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma and end-stage liver ***,NAFLD is often associated with other metabolic conditions,such as diabetes mellitus type 2,dyslipidemia and visceral *** most recent guidelines suggest the management and treatment of patients with NAFLD considering both the liver disease and the associated metabolic *** and physical exercise are considered the first line of treatment for patients with NAFLD,but their results on therapeutic efficacy are often *** therapy is necessary most of the time to achieve a sufficient *** therapy includes a wide variety of classes of molecules with different therapeutic targets and,often,little evidence supporting the real *** the abundance of clinical trials,NAFLD therapy remains a challenge for the scientific community,and there are no licensed therapies for ***,new pharmacological approaches are ***,we will focus on the challenges facing actual therapeutic strategies and the most recent investigated molecules.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Fatty liver Steatosis Emerging drugs

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The Versatility and Diagnostic Potential of VOC Profiling for Noninfectious diseases

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 274-297页

作者： Micah Oxner Allyson Trang Jhalak Mehta Christopher Forsyth Barbara Swanson Ali Keshavarzian Abhinav Bhushan department of Biomedical Engineering Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIL 60616USA department of internal medicine Division of Digestive Diseases and NutritionSection of GastroenterologyRush Medical CollegeChicagoIL 60612USA department of Adult Health and Gerontological Nursing Rush University College of NursingChicagoIL 60612USA

variety of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are produced and emitted by the human body every *** identity and concentration of these VOCs reflect an individual’s metabolic *** regarding the production and origin of VOCs,however,has yet to be congruent among the scientific *** review article focuses on the recent investigations of the source and detection of biological VOCs as a potential for noninvasive discrimination between healthy and diseased *** the changes in the components of VOC profiles could provide information regarding the molecular mechanisms behind disease as well as presenting new approaches for personalized screening and *** research has prioritized the study of cancer,resulting in many research articles and reviews being written on the *** review summarizes the information gained about VOC cancer studies over the past 10 years and looks at how this knowledge correlates with and can be expanded to new and upcoming fields of VOC research,including neurodegenerative and other noninfectious *** advances in analytical techniques have allowed for the analysis of VOCs measured in breath,urine,blood,feces,and *** diagnostic approaches founded on sensor-based techniques allow for cheaper and quicker results,and we compare their diagnostic dependability with gas chromatography-and mass spectrometry-based *** future of VOC analysis as a clinical practice and the challenges associated with this transition are also discussed and future research priorities are summarized.

关键词： VOC gained summarized

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Gender and racial differences in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2014年第5期6卷 274-283页

作者： Jen-Jung Pan Michael B Fallon division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Internal Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston TX 77030 United States

Due to the worldwide epidemic of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has become the most com-mon cause of elevated liver enzymes. NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver injury ranging from simple steato-sis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) which may progress to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Individuals with NAFLD, especially those with metabolic syndrome, have higher overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and liver-related mortality compared with the general population. According to the population-based studies, NAFLD and NASH are more prevalent in males and in Hispanics. Both the gender and racial ethnic differences in NAFLD and NASH are likely attributed to interaction between environmental, behavioral, and genetic fac-tors. Using genome-wide association studies, several genetic variants have been identified to be associated with NAFLD/NASH. However, these variants account for only a small amount of variation in hepatic steatosis among ethnic groups and may serve as modifiers of the natural history of NAFLD. Alternatively, these variants may not be the causative variants but simply markers representing a larger body of genetic variations. In this article, we provide a concise review of the gender and racial differences in the prevalence of NAFLD and NASHin adults. We also discuss the possible mechanisms for these disparities.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcohol-ic steatohepatitis Race Gender Prevalence Genetic polymorphism

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