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Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1158-1172页

作者： Dohyung M.Kim Jing Liu Melanie A.Whitmore Isabel Tobin Zijun Zhao Guolong Zhang department of animal and Food sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA

Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain *** acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,have independently been shown to induce host defense peptide(HDP)***,the potential synergy between these two compounds remains *** To investigate the possible synergistic effect between DCA and butyrate in regulating HDP synthesis and barrier function,we treated chicken HD11 macrophage cells and jejunal explants with DCA and sodium butyrate(NaB),either individually or in combination,for 24 ***,we performed RNA isolation and reverse transcrip-tion-quantitative PCR to analyze HDP genes as well as the major genes associated with barrier *** further determine the synergy between DCA and NaB in enhancing NE resistance,we conducted two independent trials with Cobb broiler *** each trial,the diet was supplemented with DCA or NaB on the day-of-hatch,followed by NE induction through sequential challenges with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens on d 10 and 14,*** recorded animal mortality after infection and assessed intestinal lesions on d *** impact of DCA and NaB on the microbiota in the ileum and cecum was evaluated through bacterial 16S rRNA gene *** We found that the combination of DCA and NaB synergistically induced multiple HDP genes in both chicken HD11 cells and jejunal ***,the gene for claudin-1,a major tight junction protein,also exhibited synergistic induction in response to DCA and ***,dietary supplementation with a combination of 0.75 g/kg DCA and 1 g/kg NaB led to a significant improvement in animal survival and a reduction in intestinal lesions compared to either compound alone in a chicken model of ***,the cecal microbiota of NE-infected chickens showed a marked decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides,F

关键词： Bile acids Host defense peptides Metabolites Microbiome Necrotic enteritis Short-chain fatty acids

Inbreeding and genetic load in a pair of sibling grouse species:Tetrastes sewersowi and ***

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-270页

作者： Kai Song Tom van der Valk Bin Gao Peter Halvarsson Yun Fang Wendong Xie Siegfried Klaus Zhiming Han Yue-Hua Sun Jacob Hoglund Key laboratory of animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DUppsala75236Sweden department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala75273Sweden Unit of Parasitology Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 7036Uppsala75007Sweden Lindenhohe 5 JenaD-07749Germany The State Key laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation *** levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and *** used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify *** found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROH(fraction of runs of homozygosity)in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)and Hazel Grouse(***).FROH estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity(ROH)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel *** from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of Hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROH ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively).These levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of *** Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding *** of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to Hazel *** results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging Hazel ***,when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,Hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may indicate that purifying selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.

关键词： Genetic load Inbreeding Purifying selection Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ROH Tetrastes

Generation of mitochondrial replacement monkeys by female pronucleus transfer

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 292-298页

作者： Chun-Yang Li Xing-Chen Liu Yu-Zhuo Li Yan Wang Yan-Hong Nie Yu-Ting Xu Xiao-Tong Zhang Yong Lu Qiang Sun institute of Neuroscience Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Key laboratory of Genetic Evolution and animal Models Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)are maternally inherited and have the potential to cause severe *** replacement therapies,including spindle,polar body,and pronuclear transfers,are promising strategies for preventing the hereditary transmission of mtDNA *** pronuclear transfer has been used to generate mitochondrial replacement mouse models and human embryos,its application in non-human primates has not been previously *** this study,we successfully generated four healthy cynomolgus monkeys(Macaca fascicularis)via female pronuclear *** individuals all survived for more than two years and exhibited minimal mtDNA carryover(3.8%–6.7%),as well as relatively stable mtDNA heteroplasmy dynamics during *** successful establishment of this nonhuman primate model highlights the considerable potential of pronuclear transfer in reducing the risk of inherited mtDNA diseases and provides a valuable preclinical research model for advancing mitochondrial replacement therapies in humans.

关键词： Non-human primates Mitochondrial replacement Female pronuclear transfer

Development of small intestinal barrier function and underlying mechanism in Chinese indigenous and Duroc piglets during suckling and weaning periods

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 429-442页

作者： Sujuan Ding Yating Cheng Md Abul Kalam Azad Qian Zhu Pan Huang Xiangfeng Kong CAS Key laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China College of Advanced Agricultural sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This study explored the developmental changes in small intestinal barrier function and the potential regulatory roles of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in different breeds of piglets during suckling and weaning *** black(TB),Xiangcun black(XB),and Duroc(DR)piglets(10 litters per breed;half male and half female)were selected for sampling to evaluate the intestinal barrier-related indexes and intestinal microbiota and metabolites at 1,10,21(weaned),and 24(3 d after weaning)d *** results showed that weaning led to severe shedding of small intestinal microvilli and sparse microvilli arrangement.D-lactate level in the ileum of TB and XB piglets during suckling and weaning periods was lower(P<0.01)than that of DR piglets,as well as the ileal diamine oxidase level at 1 d *** expression level of mucin 1 was higher(P<0.05)in the ileum of TB and XB piglets than that of DR piglets,and it was the highest in the ileum of TB piglets at 21 d *** expression levels of mucin 2 and mucin 13 were higher(P<0.10)in TB and XB piglets than those of DR piglets at 21 d old,whereas mucin2 and mucin 13 in the ileum of TB and XB piglets were higher(P<0.05)than those of DR piglets at 24 d *** and XB piglets had a lower relative abundance of Escherichia_Shigella at 21 and 24 d old,but they had higher Streptococcus at 1 and 24 d old than DR piglets(P<0.01).Differential metabolites between the three breeds of piglets were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation,steroid biosynthesis,and bile acid ***,these findings suggest that different pig breeds present differences in the development of the small intestinal barrier *** with DR piglets,TB and XB piglets had higher intestinal permeability during the suckling period and a stronger intestinal mechanical barrier after ***,intestinal microbiota and metabolites are the key factors for developing small intestinal barrier functions in different breeds of piglets.

关键词： Chinese indigenous piglet Duroc piglet Immune function Intestinal barrier function Weaning stress

Genetically modified pigs:Emerging animal models for hereditary hearing loss

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 284-291页

作者： Xiao Wang Tian-Xia Liu Ying Zhang Liang-Wei Xu Shuo-Long Yuan A-Long Cui Wei-Wei Guo Yan-Fang Wang Shi-Ming Yang Jian-Guo Zhao State Key laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Institute of OtolaryngologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China Division of Life sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230022China State Key laboratory of animal Biotech Breeding Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China

Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for *** investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are *** have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical *** this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing ***,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL ***,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.

关键词： Pigs animal models Hereditary hearing loss Genetic modification Inner ear

Prescreening of large-effect markers with multiple strategies improves the accuracy of genomic prediction

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1634-1643页

作者： Keanning Li Bingxing An Mang Liang Tianpeng Chang Tianyu Deng Lili Du Sheng Cao Yueying Du Hongyan Li Lingyang Xu Lupei Zhang Xue Gao Junya LI Huijiang Gao laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bovine Breeding Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Shaanxi Key laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China College of Computer and Information Engineering Tianjin Agricultural UniversityTianjin 300384China College of animal Science and Technology Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Tongliao animal Agriculture Development Service Center Tongliao 028000China

Presently,integrating multi-omics information into a prediction model has become a ameliorate strategy for genomic selection to improve genomic prediction ***,we set the genomic and transcriptomic data as the training population data,using BSLMM,TWAS,and eQTL mapping to prescreen features according to |β_(b)|>0,top 1%of phenotypic variation explained(PVE),expression-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms(eSNPs),and egenes(false discovery rate(FDR)<0.01),where these loci were set as extra fixed effects(named GBLUP-Fix)and random effects(GFBLUP)to improve the prediction accuracy in the validation population,*** results suggested that both GBLUP-Fix and GFBLUP models could improve the accuracy of longissimus dorsi muscle(LDM),water holding capacity(WHC),shear force(SF),and pH in Huaxi cattle on average from 2.14 to 8.69%,especially the improvement of GFBLUP-TWAS over GBLUP was 13.66%for *** methods also captured more genetic variance than *** study confirmed that multi-omics-assisted large-effects loci prescreening could improve the accuracyofgenomic prediction.

关键词： multi-omics data features prescreening eQTL mapping Huaxi cattle genomic selection

Strategies for Dissecting the Genetic Driving of Conserved Noncoding-Elements for Evolutionary Development of the Corpus Callosum

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第7期40卷 1025-1027页

作者： Yaxin Ye Boxing Jin Hao W.Zhang Nengyin Sheng State Key laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Center for Excellence in animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China

With the efforts in developmental biology and neuroscience during the past several decades,our knowledge has been significantly advanced about the genetic,cellular,and molecular mechanisms underlying brain development and ***,we should keep in mind that the human brain is the product of complex evolutionary processes,and there is a trade-off between brain evolution and neurological disorders[1].

关键词： function. neurological knowledge

A novel live attenuated vaccine candidate protects chickens against subtype B avian metapneumovirus

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1658-1670页

作者： Lingzhai Meng Mengmeng Yu Suyan Wang Yuntong Chen Yuanling Bao Peng Liu Xiaoyan Feng Tana He Ru Guo Tao Zhang Mingxue Hu Changjun Liu Xiaole Qi Kai Li Li Gao Yanping Zhang Hongyu Cui Yulong Gao Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and PreventionHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteChineseAcademy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin150069China Avian ImmunosuppressiveDiseases DivisionStateKey LaboratoryforAnimal Disease Cont National Poultry laboratory animal Resource Center Harbin 150069China

Avian metapneumovirus(aMPV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes acute upper respiratory tract diseases in chickens and turkeys, resulting in serious economic losses. Subtype B aMPV has recently become the dominant epidemic strain in China. We developed an attenuated aMPV subtype B strain by serial passaging in Vero cells and evaluated its safety and efficacy as a vaccine candidate. The safety test showed that after the 30th passage, the LN16-A strain was fully attenuated, as clinical signs of infection and histological lesions were absent after *** LN16-A strain did not revert to a virulent strain after five serial passages in chickens. The genomic sequence of LN16-A differed from that of the parent wild-type LN16(wtLN16) strain and had nine amino acid mutations. In chickens, a single immunization with LN16-A induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses, including the abundant production of neutralizing antibodies, CD4^(+) T lymphocytes, and the Th1(IFN-γ) and Th2(IL-4 and IL-6)cytokines. We also confirmed that LN16-A provided 100% protection against subtype B aMPV and significantly reduced viral shedding and turbinate inflammation. Our findings suggest that the LN16-A strain is a promising live attenuated vaccine candidate that can prevent infection with subtype B aMPV.

关键词： avian metapneumovirus attenuated protection vaccine candidate chickens

Ancient mitochondrial genome depicts sheep maternal dispersal and migration in Eastern Asia

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第1期51卷 87-95页

作者： Liu Yang Xing Zhang Yaning Hu Piao Zhu Hua Li Zhenyu Peng Hai Xiang Xinying Zhou Xingbo Zhao National Engineering laboratory for animal Breeding Key Laboratory of AnimalGeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshanGuangdong 528225China State Key laboratory of Agricultural Genomics BGI-ShenzhenShenzhenGuangdong 518083China Key laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

Sheep have been one of the most important groups of animals since ancient ***,the knowledge of their migration routes and genetic relationships is still poorly *** investigate sheep maternal migration histories alongside Eurasian communications routes,in this study,we obtain mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)from 17 sheep remains in 6 Chinese sites and 1 Uzbekistan site dated 4429–3100 years before present(BP).By obtaining the mitogenomes from the sheep(4429–3556 BP)found in the Tongtian Cave site in Xinjiang,Altai region of northwest China,our results support the emergence of haplogroup C sheep in Xinjiang as early as 4429–3556 *** combined phylogenetic analyses with extant ancient and modern sheep mitogenomes suggest that the Uzbekistan-Altai region may have been a migration hub for early sheep in eastern *** least two migration events have taken place for sheep crossing Eurasia to China,one passing by Uzbekistan and Northwest China to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River at approximately 4000 BP and another following the Altai region to middle Inner Mongolia from 4429 BP to 2500 ***,this study provides further evidence for early sheep utilization and migration patterns in Eastern Asia.

关键词： Sheep Ancient DNA Eastern Asia Mitochondrial genome Migration Altai