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Ciliary parathyroid hormone signaling activates transforming growth factor-βto maintain intervertebral disc homeostasis during aging

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Bone Research 2018年第3期6卷 252-265页

作者： Liwei Zheng Yong Cao Shuangfei Ni Huabin Qi Zemin Ling Xin Xu Xuenong Zou Tianding Wu Ruoxian Deng Bo Hu Bo Gao Hao Chen Yusheng Li Jianxi Zhu Francis Tintani Shadpour Demehri Amit Jain Khaled M.Kebaish Shenghui Liao Cheryle A.Séguin Janet L.Crane Mei Wan Hongbin Lu Paul D.Sponseller Lee H.RileyIII Xuedong Zhou Jianzhong Hu Xu Cao department of Orthopedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss BuildingRoom 229720 Rutland AveBaltimoreMDUSA State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina department of Spine Surgery Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair(CBMR) Trauma CenterInstitute of Surgery ResearchDaping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss BuildingRoom 229720 Rutland AveBaltimoreMDUSA The Russell H.Morgan department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineRoss BuildingRoom 229720 Rutland AveBaltimoreMDUSA Faculty of Computer Science College of Information Science and EngineeringXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina department of Physiology and Pharmacology Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Western OntarioLondonONCanada department of Sports Medicine Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina

Degenerative disc disease(DDD) is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration of spinal instability. Here, we report that the cilia of nucleus pulposus(NP) cells mediate mechanotransduction to maintain anabolic activity in the discs. We found that mechanical stress promotes transport of parathyroid hormone 1 receptor(PTH1 R) to the cilia and enhances parathyroid hormone(PTH) signaling in NP cells. PTH induces transcription of integrin α_vβ_6 to activate the transforming growth factor(TGF)-β-connective tissue growth factor(CCN2)-matrix proteins signaling cascade. Intermittent injection of PTH(iPTH) effectively attenuates disc degeneration of aged mice by direct signaling through NP cells, specifically improving intervertebral disc height and volume by increasing levels of TGF-β activity, CCN2, and aggrecan. PTH1 R is expressed in both mouse and human NP cells. Importantly,knockout PTH1 R or cilia in the NP cells results in significant disc degeneration and blunts the effect of PTH on attenuation of aged discs. Thus, mechanical stress-induced transport of PTH1 R to the cilia enhances PTH signaling, which helps maintain intervertebral disc homeostasis, particularly during aging, indicating therapeutic potential of iPTH for DDD.

关键词： disc injection integrin cells iPTH effect TGF-β human

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Geographical distribution of the incidence of gastric cancer in Bhutan

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第38期21卷 10883-10889页

作者： Tashi Dendup James M Richter Yoshio Yamaoka Kinley Wangchuk Hoda M Malaty department of Surgery Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolMGH Gastroenterology AssociatesHarvard University department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine Oita University Faculty of Medicine Microbiology Unit Department of Laboratory MedicineJigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of gastric cancer(GC) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with GC and to compare it with patients diagnosed with all other types of gastro-intestinal(GI) cancer during the same ***: Between 2008 and 2013,five-year period,the medical records of all GI cancer patients who underwent medical care and confirm diagnosis of cancer were reviewed at the National Referral Hospital,Thimphu which is the only hospital in the country where surgical and cancer diagnosis can be made. Demographic information,type of cancer,and the year of diagnosis were ***: There were a total of 767 GI related cancer records reviewed during the study period of which 354(46%) patients were diagnosed with GC. There were 413 patients with other GI cancer including; esophagus,colon,liver,rectum,pancreas,gall bladder,cholangiocarcinoma and other GI tract cancers. The GC incidence rate is approximately 0.9/10000 per year(367 cases/5years per 800000 people). The geographic distribution of GC was the lowest in the south region of Bhutan 0.3/10000 per year compared to the central region 1.4/10000 per year,Eastern region 1.2/10000 per year,and the western region 1.1/10000 per year. Moreover,GC in the South part was significantly lower than the other GI cancer in the same region(8% vs 15%; OR = 1.8,95%CI: 1.3-3.1,P = 0.05). Among GC patients,38% were under the age of 60 years,mean age at diagnosis was 62.3(± 12.1) years with male-to-female ratio 1:0.5. The mean age among patients with all other type GI cancer was 60 years(± 13.2) and male-tofemale ratio of 1:0.7. At time of diagnosis of GC,342(93%) were at stage 3 and 4 of and by the year 2013; 80(23%) GC patients died compared to 31% death among patients with the all other GI cancer(P = 0.08).CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of GC in Bhutan is twice as high in the United States but is likely an underestimate rate because of unreported and undiagnosed cases in the villages. The high incidence of GC in Bhuta

关键词： Gastric cancer Mortality Epidemiology Bhutan

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Investigating the initiation and propagation processes of convection in heavy precipitation over the western Sichuan Basin

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2017年第3期10卷 235-242页

作者： LI Qin YANG Shuai CUI Xiao-Peng GAO Shou-Ting Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences college of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (PAEKL) Chengdu University of Information Technology

Heavy precipitation events occur often over the western Sichuan Basin in summer, near the transition zone between the Sichuan Basin and the steep terrain of the Tibetan Plateau. One such event -- a heavy precipitation process that occurred on 18-20 August 2010, with clear nocturnal peaks -- is chosen as a case to tentatively explore how the convection associated with convectivescale precipitation is initiated and propagated. By utilizing the vertical momentum equation from the viewpoint of separating perturbation pressure into dynamic and thermal parts, it is demonstrated that the vertical momentum is induced by the imbalance of several forces, including the dynamic/buoyant part of the perturbation pressure gradient force and the buoyancy force, with the latter dominating during the nocturnal-peak period. Although a negative value of the dynamic perturbation pressure gradient force partly offsets the positive buoyant forcing inside the strong updraft, the pattern of vertical motion tendency is largely attributable to its buoyancy because of its larger magnitude. Relative to the buoyancy component, the dynamic part of the vertical perturbation pressure gradient is also examined, revealing a smaller order of magnitude. Thus, it is the thermal effect that should be responsible for the initiation and propagation of convection. As for the convective-scale precipitation, it always presents a trailing morphology relative to the strong leading-side updraft. Furthermore, overlapping strong signals of vertical motion and its tendency point towards strong precipitation in the future.

关键词： Heavy precipitation convection vertical momentum equation perturbation pressure equation

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沙尘暴中多物理场的结构和耦合特征

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第3期40卷 28-39页

作者：张欢 Center for Particle-laden Turbulence Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in western China Attached to the Ministry of Education of China Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China department of Mechanics and Engineering Science College of Civil Engineering and MechanicsLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China

沙尘暴是典型的分散两相大气湍流,其中沙尘颗粒高度带电.虽然在单相高雷诺数湍流中已经确认存在超大尺度运动(very-large-scale motions,VLSMs),但在沙尘暴中,尤其是涉及湍动电场方面的研究还相对较少.在本文中,利用大气表面层内现场观... 详细信息

沙尘暴是典型的分散两相大气湍流,其中沙尘颗粒高度带电.虽然在单相高雷诺数湍流中已经确认存在超大尺度运动(very-large-scale motions,VLSMs),但在沙尘暴中,尤其是涉及湍动电场方面的研究还相对较少.在本文中,利用大气表面层内现场观测数据,我们证明沙尘暴的风速、直径小于10微米的沙尘颗粒浓度(PM10沙尘浓度)和电场存在大致相同大小的VLSMs.此外,我们发现这些多物理场在VLSMs尺度上具有最大的线性耦合,线性相干谱在0.5–0.8之间.通过传递熵分析,我们进一步证明风速和PM10沙尘浓度在波数k_(1)=0.002 m^(-1)处具有最大的非线性耦合,而PM10沙尘浓度和电场在k_(1)=0.15 m^(-1)处具有最大的非线性耦合,这表明风场-粉尘和粉尘-静电相互作用之间存在不同的非线性耦合行为.我们的研究结果揭示了沙尘暴中多物理场的结构和耦合特征,从而为理解复杂的分散两相湍流流动提供了关键信息.

关键词： Very-large-scale motions Electric fields Particle-laden flow Dust storms

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Extrusion process of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves enhances the gastroprotective effect of compound 48/80 on acute gastric mucosal lesion in rats

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第2期36卷 187-196页

作者： Hye Kyung Kim Myung-Gyou Kim Kang-Hyun Leem department of Food & Biotechnology Hanseo University college of Korean Medicine Semyung University

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the gastroprotective effects of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves(ASLs)extrusion on acute gastric mucosal lesion in rats induced by compound 48/80(C48/80).METHODS:Rats were divided into six groups:normal;C48/80-induced gastric lesion control;gastric lesion positive control(famotidine 4 mg/kg);gastric lesion administered with two levels of extruded ASLs(ASLE,40 and 200 mg/kg);and gastric lesion treated with ASLs(ASL 200 mg/kg).Mucus secretion/damage was determined by immunohistological *** and western blotting were performed to determine gastric mucosal Bax and Bcl-2 *** mucosal oxidative-stress-related enzymes and malondialdehyde were ***:C48/80-induced mucus depletion and inflammation in the gastric mucosa were significantly attenuated by *** increased serum serotonin and histamine concentrations in C48/80-treated rats were also attenuated by *** mucosal Bax protein expression was increased and Bcl-2 expression was decreased after C48/80 treatment,and ASLs ameliorated Bax and Bcl-2 *** extrusion process significantly augmented the effects of ASLs in a dosedependent *** at 200 mg/kg normalized mucus damage/secretion,C48/80-induced increases of mucosal myeloperoxidase activity(index of inflammation),xanthine oxidase,and malondialdehyde content(index of lipid peroxidation).The effects of ASLs on Bax and Bcl-2expression were also enhanced by ***,these effects of ASLEs at 200 mg/kg were similar to those of famotidine,a histamine H2-receptor antagonist commonly used to treat gastric ***:ASLEs prevented acute gastric mucosal lesion progression induced by C48/80,possibly by inducing mucus production,and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in gastric mucosa through an anti-apoptotic mechanism.

关键词： Acanthopanax senticosus leaves Extrusion Compound 48/80 Gastric mucosal lesion

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Strengthening District Health Teams Capacity in Surveillance Systems and Response to Public Health Threats in western Uganda through Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP)

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2020年第2期10卷 132-145页

作者： Mathias Tumwebaze Asiimwe Solomon Anna Tukahirwa Saulo Kamukama department of Public Health Bishop Stuart University Mbarara Uganda Kabarole District Local Government District Health Office Fort Portal Town Western Uganda Makerere University college of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda

Aim: To strengthen the District Capacity in surveillance for effective detection, Reporting and Response to Public Health threats. Background: The overall aim of a good surveillance system is to strengthen the capacity of a Health system through training of health personnel who can conduct effective surveillance activities. A good surveillance system is achieved through improved use of complete and timely health information to detect changes in time to institute a rapid response to the suspected outbreak of Public Health events. This assessment followed a 3-month Field Epidemiology Training program undertaken by the investigator who applied the acquired knowledge and skills in completion of the assessment. Study Design: It was a descriptive cross-sectional, institutional based epidemiological investigation conducted at district level and Health Centre 1V in Kabarole from 15th December 2019-March 2020. eReports were retrieved from DHIS-2 for epidemiological weeks 44 in 2019 to week 3 in 2020. Data analysis: Micro soft word excel program was used to determine the reporting rates, epidemic disease trends and construction of malaria channel. SWOT analysis was done to identify poor HMIS reporting as the lead surveillance quality challenge and route cause analysis done to determine underlying causes. Results: Weekly reports analyzed were from a total of 53 Health facilities and one Health Centre four for malaria channel construction. Of the 53 functional Health facilities assessed in the district, the average reporting Timeliness was 32% and Completeness at 63% from week 44 in 2019 to week 3 in 2020. This finding shows that the district was not achieving the 80% Timeliness and 80% Completeness national target. The poor reporting situation implies that the district may not detect an emerging Public Health Event and respond in time. Poor reporting rate was linked to knowledge gap among reporting staff in completion of the newly revised HMIS tools and lack of support supervi

关键词： HMIS Timeliness and Completeness Surveillance Systems Field Epidemiology Malaria Chanel

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Hybrid global gridded snow products and conceptual simulations of distributed snow budget:evaluation of different scenarios in a mountainous watershed

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第2期17卷 391-406页

作者： Mercedeh TAHERI Milad Shamsi ANBOOHI Rahimeh MOUSAVI Mohsen NASSERI School of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehran ***Iran department of Civil Engineering University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N6N5Canada department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of ZanjanZanjan 45371-38791Iran

Considering snowmelt in mountainous areas as the important source of streamflow,the snow accumulation/melting processes are vital for accurate simulation of the hydrological *** lack of snow-related data and its uncertainties/conceptual ambiguity in snowpack modeling are the different challenges of developing hydroclimatological *** tackle these challenges,Global Gridded Snow Products(GGSPs)are introduced,which effectively simplify the identification of the spatial characteristics of snow hydrological *** research aims to investigate the performance of multisource GGSPs using multi-stage calibration strategies in hydrological *** used GGSPs were Snow-Covered Area(SCA)and Snow Water Equivalent(SWE),implemented individually or jointly to calibrate an appropriate water balance *** study area was a mountainous watershed located in western Iran with a considerable contribution of snowmelt to the generated *** results showed that using GGSPs as complementary information in the calibration process,besides streamflow time series,could improve the modeling accuracy compared to the conventional calibration,which is only based on streamflow *** SCA with NSE,KGE,and RMSE values varying within the ranges of 0.47–0.57,0.54–0.65,and 4–6.88,respectively,outperformed the SWE with the corresponding metrics of 0.36–0.59,0.47–0.60,and 5.22–7.46,respectively,in simulating the total streamflow of the *** addition to the superiority of the SCA over SWE,the twostage calibration strategy reduced the number of optimized parameters in each stage and the dependency of internal processes on the streamflow and improved the accuracy of the results compared with the conventional calibration *** the other hand,the consistent contribution of snowmelt to the total generated streamflow(ranging from 0.9 to 1.47)and the ratio of snow melting to snowfall(ranging from 0.925 to 1.041)in different calibration strategies and models resu

关键词： global gridded snow products snow hydrology multi-stage calibration strategy hydroclimatological modeling mountainous watershed

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Chemical and Isotopic Approach to Groundwater Cycle in western Qaidam Basin,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2009年第4期19卷 357-364页

作者： TAN Hongbing RAO Wenbo CHEN Jiansheng SU Zhiguo SUN Xiaoxu LIU Xiaoyan State Key Laboratory of Hydrology- Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China department of Earth Science and Engineering College of Civil Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Due to the extremely arid climate in the western Qaidam Basin,the groundwater almost becomes the single water source for local residents and industrial *** is necessary to know the reliable information on the groundwater cycle in this region for reasonable and sustainable exploitation of the groundwater resources with the further execution of recycling economy *** study focused on the recharge,the flow rate and the discharge of groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin through investigations on water chemistry and ***,chemical and isotopic characteristics show that the groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin was recharged by meltwater from new surface snow and old bottom glaciers on the northern slope of the Kunlun *** addition,the results also prove that the source water is enough and stable,and the rates of the circulation and renewal of the groundwater are relatively ***,it can be concluded that the groundwater resources would guarantee the regional requirement if the meltwater volume of the mountains has not a great changes in future,moreover,water exploitation should be limited to the renewable amount of the groundwater reservoir in the western Qaidam Basin.

关键词： groundwater cycle water chemistry isotope Qaidam Basin

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Claim reserving for insurance contracts in line with the International Financial Reporting Standards 17:a new paid‑incurred chain approach to risk adjustments

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Financial Innovation 2021年第1期7卷 1760-1785页

作者： Yixing Zhao Rogemar Mamon Heng Xiong Lingnan(University)college Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina department of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences The University of Western OntarioLondonONCanada Economics and Management School Wuhan UniversityLuojia Hill 430072WuhanChina Division of Physical Sciences and Mathematics University of the Philippines VisayasIloiloPhilippines Ningbo National Institute of Insurance Development(NIID) Wuhan UniversityNingboChina

This study considers the risk management of insurance policies in line with the implementation of the new International Financial Reporting Standards *** applies the paid-incurred chain method to model the future unpaid losses by combining the information channels of both the incurred claims and paid *** propose the recovery of the empirical distribution of the outstanding claims liabilities associated with a group of contracts via moment-based density *** determine the risk measures and adjustments that are compliant with the new standard using the Monte–Carlo simulation method and approximated *** historical data on the aggregate Ontario automobile insurance claims over a 15-year period are analyzed to examine the appropriateness and accuracy of our approach.

关键词： Incurred claims Paid losses Paid-incurred chain model Moment-based density approximation Risk measures International Financial Reporting Standards 17

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Siting of Dark Sky Reserves in China Based on Multi-source Spatial Data and Multiple Criteria Evaluation Method

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第6期29卷 949-961页

作者： WEI Ye CHEN Zuoqi XIU Chunliang YU Bailang LIU Hongxing Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains Ministry of EducationSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China Key Laboratory of Geographic information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China college of Jang Ho Architecture Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110169China department of Geography University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA

With the rapid development of population and urbanization and the progress of lighting technology, the influence of artificial light sources has *** this context, the problem of light pollution has attracted wide *** studies have revealed that light pollution can affect biological living environments, human physical and mental health, astronomical observations and many other ***, organizations internationally have begun to advocate for measures to prevent light pollution, many of which are recognized by the International Dark-Sky Association(IDA).In addition to improving public awareness, legal protections, technical treatments and other means, the construction of Dark Sky Reserves(DSR) has proven to be an effective preventive *** far, as a pioneer practice in this field, the IDA has identified 11 DSRs *** on the DA requirements for DSRs, this paper utilizes NPP-VIIRS nighttime light data and other multi-source spatial data to analyze possible DSR sites in *** land of China was divided into more than ten thousand 30 km × 30 km fishnets, and constraint and suitable conditions were designated, respectively, as light and cloud conditions, and scale, traffic and attractiveness *** a multiple criteria evaluation, 1443 fishnets were finally selected as most suitable sites for the construction of *** found that less than 25% of China is not subject to light pollution, and less than 13% is suitable for DSR construction, primarily in western and northern areas, including Tibet, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia.

关键词： Dark Sky Reserves light pollution NPP-VIIRS siting multiple criteria evaluation China

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