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Gut microbiota in alcoholic liver disease: Pathogenetic role and therapeutic perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16639-16648页

作者： Giulia Malaguarnera Maria Giordano Giuseppe Nunnari Gaetano Bertino Michele Malaguarnera department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry Research Centre "The Great Senescence" University of Catania Cannizzaro Hospital infective diseases Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine Garibaldi Hospital of Nesima Hepatology Unit Department of Medical and Pediatric Science University of Catania

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is the commonest cause of cirrhosis in many Western countries and it has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis is characterized by complex interactions between metabolic intermediates of alcohol. Bacterial intestinal flora is itself responsible for production of endogenous ethanol through the fermentation of carbohydrates. The intestinal metabolism of alcohol produces a high concentration of toxic acetaldehyde that modifies gut permeability and microbiota equilibrium. Furthermore it causes direct hepatocyte damage. In patients who consume alcohol over a long period, there is a modification of gut microbiota and, in particular, an increment of Gram negative bacteria. This causes endotoxemia and hyperactivation of the immune system. Endotoxin is a constituent of Gram negative bacteria cell walls. Two types of receptors, cluster of differentiation 14 and Toll-like receptors-4, present on Kupffer cells, recognize endotoxins. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of gut-liver axis and new treatments have been studied in recent years to reduce progression of ALD modifying gut microbiota. It has focused attention on antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Bacterial translocation Dysbiosis Prebiotics Probiotics Synbiotic Gut microbiota Endotoxin

Toxic hepatitis in occupational exposure to solvents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第22期18卷 2756-2766页

作者： Giulia Malaguarnera Emanuela Cataudella Maria Giordano Giuseppe Nunnari Giuseppe Chisari Mariano Malaguarnera Research Centre "The Great Senescence" University of Catania department of infective diseases Hospital "Garibaldi di Nesima" University of Catania Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Department of Biomedical Science Hospital Policlinico University of Catania

The liver is the main organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs and toxic chemicals, and so is the primary target organ for many organic solvents. Work activities with hepatotoxins exposures are numerous and, moreover, organic solvents are used in various industrial processes. Organic solvents used in different industrial processes may be associated with hepatotoxicity. Several factors contribute to liver toxicity; among these are: species differences, nutritional condition, genetic factors, interaction with medications in use, alcohol abuse and interaction, and age. This review addresses the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. The main pathogenic mechanisms responsible for functional and organic damage caused by solvents are: inflammation, dysfunction of cytochrome P450, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The health impact of exposure to solvents in the workplace remains an interesting and worrying question for professional health work.

关键词： Work activity Hepatotoxicity Hepatotoxin Occupational disease Inflammation

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第6期19卷 1656-1670页

作者： Bongekile NGOBESE Oliver Tendayi ZISHIRI Mohamed Ezzat EL ZOWALATY Discipline of Genetics School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa Zoonosis Science Center Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUppsala UniversityUppsala SE-75185Sweden Infectious diseases and Anti-infective Therapy Research Group College of Pharmacy and Sharjah Medical Research InstituteUniversity of SharjahSharjah 27272UAE

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries *** jejuni is responsible for the majority of infectio *** study was con ducted to identify virule nceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa.A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50),chickens(n=50),goats(n=50),sheep(n=50)and pigs(n=50)were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October *** samples were an a lyzed for the presence of virule nee genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based *** was found that 77 and 23%of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock *** were positive significant(Pdiseases for the welfare of human and animal health.

关键词： Campylobacter zoonotic cytotoxicity pathogenicity virulenee campylobacteriosis foodbome livestock PCR one-health

Efficacy and Safety of All-oral Emitasvir and Sofosbuvir in Patients with Genotype 1b HCV Infections without Cirrhosis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第3期8卷 255-261页

作者： Huiying Rao Xingxiang Yang Youwen Tan Qin Ning Daokun Yang Jiefei Wang Yongfeng Yang Sujun Zheng Dongliang Yang Jinlin Hou Qing Xie Caiyan Zhao Lunli Zhang Xiaorong Mao Tong Sun Lang Bai Fuchun Zhang Jinglan Jin Yingren Zhao Maorong Wang Wen Xie Yingjie Ma Jun Quan Xuebing Yan Ping An Feng Lin Jidong Jia Xiaoxuan Hu Zuojiong Gong Jie Wu Yongping Chen Zhansheng Jia Minghua Lin Guiqiang Wang Yueyong Zhu Yingjun Zhang Hongming Xie Lin Luo Qingyun Ren Rui Huang Lai Wei Peking University People’s Hospital Peking University Hepatology InstituteNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseBeijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver DiseasesBeijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD DiagnosisBeijingChina department of Infectious diseases Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengduSichuanChina department of Hepatology The Third People’s Hospital of ZhenjiangZhenjiangJiangsuChina department of Infectious diseases Tongji HospitalTongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina department of Infectious diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical CollegeXinxiangHenanChina Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center ShanghaiChina department of Hepatology The Second Hospital of NanjingNanjingJiangsuChina Center of Artificial liver Beijing Youan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina department of Infectious Disease Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina department of Infectious diseases Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina department of Infectious diseases Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina department of Infectious diseases The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina department of Infectious diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina department of Infectious diseases The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina department of Infectious diseases Wuxi Fifth People’s HospitalWuxiJiangsuChina Infectious diseases Center West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina department of Hepatology Guangzhou Eighth People’s HospitalGuangzhouGuangdongChina department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic diseases The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina department of Infectious diseases Xi’an Ji

Publications>Journals>Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology>Article Full Text ORIGINAL ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Efficacy and Safety of All-oral Emitasvir and Sofosbuvir in Patients with Genotype 1b HCV Infections without Cirrhosis Huiying Rao1,Xingxiang Yang2,Youwen Tan3,Qin Ning4,Daokun Yang5,Jiefei Wang6,Yongfeng Yang7,Sujun Zheng8,Dongliang Yang9,Jinlin Hou10,Qing Xie11,Caiyan Zhao12,Lunli Zhang13,Xiaorong Mao14,Tong Sun15,Lang Bai16,Fuchun Zhang17,Jinglan Jin18,Yingren Zhao19,Maorong Wang20,Wen Xie21,Yingjie Ma22,Jun Quan23,Xuebing Yan24,Ping An25,Feng Lin26,Jidong Jia27,Xiaoxuan Hu28,Zuojiong Gong29,Jie Wu30,Yongping Chen31,Zhansheng Jia32,Minghua Lin33,Guiqiang Wang34,Yueyong Zhu35,Yingjun Zhang*,36,Hongming Xie36,Lin Luo36,Qingyun Ren36,Rui Huang1 and Lai Wei*,37 Author information Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020;8(3):255-261DOI:10.14218/JCTH.2020.00031 Abstract Background and Aims:Emitasvir is a new type of hepatitis C virus(HCV)nonstructural protein 5A(NS5A)inhibitor,and the data of phase 2 trial has shown emitasvir-sofosbuvir to have good safety and *** conducted this phase 3 trial to further verify the efficacy and ***:We evaluated the antiviral activity and safety of a 12-week regimen of emitasvir phosphate(100 mg)combined with sofosbuvir(400 mg)once daily in non-cirrhotic patients with genotype 1 HCV *** primary endpoint was a sustained virological response at 12 weeks(SVR12)after the end of ***:Of the 362 patients enrolled in the trial,39.8%were male,99.2%had HCV genotype 1b,0.8%had genotype 1a and 79.8%were treatment-naï*** average age was 47.2 *** patients completed the treatment and *** 3 patients with genotype 1a achieved *** genotype 1b treatment-naïve patients experienced virologic *** rate of SVR12 was 99.7%(358/359),and SVR24 was 99.4%(357/359)in genotype ***,36.2%had resistance-associated substitutions(RASs)in NS5A and 98.3%had RASs in

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Genotype 1 Direct acting antivirals Emitasvir Sofosbuvir Combination treatment

Increased Preoperative Glucose Variability Is Associated with Adverse Perioperative Outcomes Following Orthopedic Surgery in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Current Medical Science 2020年第3期40卷 523-529页

作者： Si-jie YUAN Jie SHEN department of Endocrinology and Metabolic diseases The Third Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510630China

The association between glucose variability(GV)and adverse perioperative outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients undergoing orthopedic surgery was investigated.A retrospective cohort study was performed by analyzing data on T2DM patients receiving continuous blood glucose(BG)monitoring and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment due to poorly controlled preoperative BG prior to orthopedic *** was assessed with coefficient of variation(CV).Postoperative and perioperative CV,hypoglycemia cases,and other perioperative outcomes(diabetes preparation time[DPT],length of stay[LOS],and perioperative and infective complication cases)were *** showed that a total of 168 patients were grouped into preoperative CV tertiles:1st(n=56):0–0.2921,2nd(n=58):0.2922–0.3779,and 3rd(n=54):0.3780–*** blood glucose(FBG),perioperative CV,rate of hypoglycemia cases(OR:5.53,95%CI:2.43–12.59)(all P<0.001)and DPT(P=0.024)were higher in the 3rd than in the 1st *** adjustments of covariates,regression analysis indicated that the 3rd tertile was associated with increased perioperative CV(adjusted coefficient=0.515,P<0.001),DPT(adjusted coefficient=0.169,P=0.073),rate of hypoglycemia cases(OR:6.72,95%CI:2.69−16.82,P<0.001)and perioperative complication cases(OR:2.50,95%CI:0.90−7.01,P=0.080).In conclusion,preoperative GV is associated with increased perioperative GV and adverse perioperative outcomes including longer DPT and higher rates of hypoglycemia and perioperative complications.

关键词： glycemic variability orthopedics perioperative period type 2 diabetes mellitus

Artemisinins inhibit oral candidiasis caused by Candida albicans through the repression on its hyphal development

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International Journal of Oral Science 2023年第4期15卷 613-625页

作者： Xiaoyue Liang Ding Chen Jiannan Wang Binyou Liao Jiawei Shen Xingchen Ye Zheng Wang Chengguang Zhu Lichen Gou Xinxuan Zhou Lei Cheng Biao Ren Xuedong Zhou State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases&West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan UniversityChengduChina State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases&department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina

Candida albicans is the most abundant fungal species in oral cavity. As a smart opportunistic pathogen, it increases the virulence byswitching its forms from yeasts to hyphae and becomes the major pathogenic agent for oral candidiasis. However, the overuse ofcurrent clinical antifungals and lack of new types of drugs highlight the challenges in the antifungal treatments because of the drugresistance and side effects. Anti-virulence strategy is proved as a practical way to develop new types of anti-infective drugs. Here,seven artemisinins, including artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, artemisinic acid, dihydroartemisinic acid, artesunate, artemether andarteether, were employed to target at the hyphal development, the most important virulence factor of C. albicans. Artemisininsfailed to affect the growth, but significantly inhibited the hyphal development of C. albicans, including the clinical azole resistantisolates, and reduced their damage to oral epithelial cells, while arteether showed the strongest activities. The transcriptomesuggested that arteether could affect the energy metabolism of C. albicans. Seven artemisinins were then proved to significantlyinhibit the productions of ATP and cAMP, while reduced the hyphal inhibition on RAS1 overexpression strain indicating thatartemisinins regulated the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 pathway to inhibit the hyphal development. Importantly, arteether significantlyinhibited the fungal burden and infections with no systemic toxicity in the murine oropharyngeal candidiasis models in vivo causedby both fluconazole sensitive and resistant strains. Our results for the first time indicated that artemisinins can be potentialantifungal compounds against C. albicans infections by targeting at its hyphal development.

关键词： ins drugs inhibited

Preventing infective complications in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9691-9698页

作者： Justine Mill Ian C Lawrance Centre for inflammatory Bowel diseases Fremantle Hospital department of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital

Over the past decade there has been a dramatic change in the treatment of patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which comprise the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This is due to the increasing use of immunosuppressives and in particular the biological agents, which are being used earlier in the course of disease, and for longer durations, as these therapies result in better clinical outcomes for patients. This, however, has the potential to increase the risk of opportunistic and serious infections in these patients, most of which are preventable. Much like the risk for potential malignancy resulting from the use of these therapies long-term, a balance needs to be struck between medication use to control the disease with minimization of the risk of an opportunistic infection. This outcome is achieved by the physician’s tailored use of justified therapies, and the patients’ education and actions to minimize infection risk. The purpose of this review is to explore the evidence and guidelines available to all physicians managing patients with IBD using immunomodulating agents and to aid in the prevention of opportunistic infections.

关键词： Infection Complications Inflammatory bowel diseases Immunosuppression Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents

The Expression of VacA in BCF of Helicobacter Pylori and Its Relationship to Vacuolated Effect

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2002年第2期22卷 100-102页

作者： SHI Li(施理) HOU Xiaohua(侯晓华) YI Cuiqiong(易粹琼) ZHANG Jinkun(张锦坤) infective Disease Center Guangzhou 510602 Department of Internal Medicine Xiehe Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 Department of Internal Medicine Xiehe Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 Department of Internal Medicine Xiehe Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022

Summary: The vacuolated effect of Helicobacter (H. pylori) and its relationship to vacuolated cytotoxin antigen (VacA) were investigated by the method of cytotoxic test and SDS-pobyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Of the 62 clinical isolates, the broth culture filter (BCF) of 43 strains caused the Vero cell intracytoplasmically vacuolated. H. pylori strains were divided into H. pylori (Toxin +) group with vacuolated effect and H. pylori (Toxin -) group without vacuolated effect. The analysis of the BCF of H. pylori (Toxin +) and that of H. pylori (Toxin -) was studied by SDS-PAGE and Scan reader. A kind of protein with 87 ku molecular weight was recognized in the BCF of 30.23 % (13/43) H. pylori (Toxin +) strains but in none of that of H. pylori (Toxin -) strains, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a significant and concordant relationship between OD of the protein band with 87 ku molecular weight and titer of vacuolated activity of H. pylori(Toxin +) (r=0.67 and P<0.05 by linear regression analysis). H. pylori strains were divided into H. pylori (Toxin +) group with vacuolated effect and H. pylori (Toxin -) group without vacuolated effect. The vacuolated effect of H. pylori (Toxin +) was caused by the protein with 87 ku molecular weight (VacA)

关键词： Helicobacter pylori VacA SDS-PAGE

Granulicatella adiacens infective Endocarditis Treated With Teicoplanin and Ceftriaxone:A Case Report

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Infectious Microbes & diseases 2021年第3期3卷 168-170页

作者： Min Tang Hongji Zhou Ju Zhang Fengying Peng Golamaully Sumayyah Bei Jia department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Key Laboratory of Infectious and Parasitic diseases in Chongqing Department of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina

We describe a case of infective endocarditis(IE)caused by Granulicatella adiacens in a patient who had fever for 4months before *** had a complex medical history of active hyperthyroidism and schizophrenia,which might have misled the clinician in ignoring the existence of a serious infection like IE.A history of splenectomy and the likelihood of congenital cardiac valve deficiency were the possible underlying risk *** persistent leukocytosis perplexed our judgement in terms of resolution of infection and treatment efficacy,which was probably due to his splenectomy.C-reactive protein was the alternative laboratory *** and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria have not been established for the fastidious ***,we referred to the viridans group streptococci and literature to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility *** suggest that teicoplanin combined with ceftriaxone could serve as an effective therapy for IE caused by ***.

关键词： ceftriaxone Granulicatella adiacens infective endocarditis teicoplanin Introduction