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Physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various farming systems of cold arid region in Balochistan,Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2618-2630页

作者： KHAN Mehmood GUL Shamim KAKAR Hidayatullah PANEZAI Sanaullah KHAN Nayab ZIAD Tariq NASEEM Mahrukh SHAHEEN Umbreen department of Botany University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan department of Natural resource Sciences McGill University21111 Lakeshore Road Ste.Anne de BellevueQuébec H9X 3V9Canada Directorate of Agriculture Research Soil and Water TestingAgricultural Research InstituteQuetta 87300Pakistan department of Geography and Regional Planning University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan department of Zoology University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan

Barshore is a small village in the Pishin District,Balochistan,Pakistan,with dry summers and cold rainy *** is an agrarian region,mostly with orchards of various fruit *** study investigated the physico-chemical properties and macrofauna of soils under various agricultural management practices of this *** concentrations of soil organic matter(SOM),soil organic carbon(SOC),nutrients,pH,electrical conductivity,soil texture,and the abundance and number of species of soil macrofauna of the agricultural fields were *** agricultural fields were *** fields were orchards of apple,apricot or the mixture of apple and apricot trees and one field was a cropland,cultivated with wheat as a *** orchards were under conservation agricultural practices;whereas,the cropland was under conventional *** agricultural lands were 2-26 years *** concentration of soil organic matter(SOM)in the upper 0-10 cm depth of these field sites ranged from 11.6 g kg^(-1)to 32.8 g kg^(-1)*** compared to cropland,orchards had significantly higher concentration of SOM and SOC.A total of 18 soil macrofauna species were found and the most common and abundant were ants(Monomorium minimum,Camponotus pennsylvanicus,Solenopsis invicta,and Lasius niger)followed by Arion ssp.(Brown Slug)and earthworm Lumbricus *** analysis revealed non-significant relationship of the age and the concentration of SOM with the number of macrofauna species and with the concentrations of total mineral nitrogen,bioavailable phosphorus and *** existence of ants had no relationship with the concentration of SOM;whereas,existence of Lumbricus terrestris tended to had a positive relationship with the concentration of *** field of tree-based intercropping system was 2 years of age since the land was converted from rangeland to a cropland,had two ant species *** indicates the positive influence of crop diversification on soil

关键词： Soil organic matter Macrofauna Land use history Tree-based intercropping Conservation agriculture

An efficient and universal protoplast-based transient gene expression system for genome editing in Brassica crops

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第4期10卷 983-994页

作者： Xiaoxiao Yu Jintai Yu Yin Lu Wenjing Li Guanzhong Huo Jun Zhang Yan Li Jianjun Zhao Jun Li State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation College of Life SciencesHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei 071001China Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei 071001China Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in HebeiCollege of HorticultureHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei 071001China College of Modern Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei 071001China human resource department Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei 071001China

Protoplast-based transient gene expression system has been widely used in plant genome editing because of its simple operation and less *** order to establish a universal protoplast-based transient transfection system for verifying activities of genome editing vectors containing targets in Brassica,we systematically optimized factors affecting protoplast isolation and transient gene *** established an efficient protoplast-based transient gene expression system(PTGE)in Chinese cabbage,achieving high protoplast yield of 4.9×10^(5)·g^(-1)FW,viability over 95%,and transfection efficiency of 76%.We showed for the first time that pretreatment of protoplasts with a hypotonic MMG could significantly enhance the transfection ***,protoplasts incubated at 37℃ for 6 min improved the transfection efficiency to 86%.We also demonstrated that PTGE worked well(more than 50%transfection efficiency)in multiple Brassica species including cabbage,Pak Choi,Chinese kale,and ***,PTGE was used for validating the activities of CRISPR/Cas9 vectors containing targets in Chinese cabbage,cabbage,and pak choi,demonstrating the broad applicability of the established PTGE for genome editing in Brassica crops.

关键词： Chinese cabbage PTGE Transfection efficiency CRISPR/Cas9

Examining the characteristics between time and distance gaps of secondary crashes

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第1期6卷 116-131页

作者： Xinyuan Liu Jinjun Tang Chen Yuan Fan Gao Xizhi Ding Smart Transport Key Laboratory of Hunan Province School of Transport and Transportation EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410075China department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong999077Kowloon TongHong KongChina department of Geography and resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNT 999077Hong KongChina

Understanding the characteristics of time and distance gaps between the primary(PC)and secondary crashes(SC)is crucial for preventing SC ccurrences and improving road *** previous studies have tried to analyse the variation of gaps,there is limited evidence in quantifying the relationships between different gaps and various influential *** study proposed a two-layer stacking framework to discuss the time and distance ***,the framework took random forests(RF),gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)and eXtreme gradient boosting as the base classifiers in the first layer and applied logistic regression(LR)as a combiner in the second *** this basis,the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations(LIME)technology was used to interpret the output of the stacking model from both local and global *** SC dentification and feature selection,346 SCs and 22 crash-related factors were collected from California interstate *** results showed that the stacking model outperformed base models evaluated by accuracy,precision,and recall *** explanations based on LIME suggest that collision type,distance,speed and volume are the critical features that affect the time and distance *** volume can prolong queue length and increase the distance gap from the SCs to *** collision types,peak periods,workday,truck involved and tow away likely induce a long-distance ***,there is a shorter distance gap when secondary roads run in the same direction and are close to the primary *** speed is a significant factor resulting in a long-time gap,while the higher speed is correlated with a short-time *** results are expected to provide insights into how contributory features affect the time and distance gaps and help decision-makers develop accurate decisions to prevent SCs.

关键词： secondary crash(SC) time and distance gaps stacking framework local interpretable model-agnostic explanations(LIME)

Single-pilot operations in commercial flight:Effects on neural activity and visual behaviour under abnormalities and emergencies

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 277-292页

作者： Qinbiao LI Chun-Hsien CHEN Kam K.H.NG Xin YUAN Cho Yin YIU human Factors and Ergonomics Laboratory Department of Aeronautical and Aviation EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative Region 100872China School of Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

With cutting-edge technologies and considering airline human-resource-saving,a single pilot in commercial jets could be technically *** changes in captains’natural behaviours are initially required to comprehend the specific safe human performance envelope for safeguarding single-pilot flight,particularly in high-risk *** paper investigates how captains’performance transforms for fixing emergencies when operating from Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO)to Single-Pilot Operations(SPO)through a physiological-based *** pilots flew an emergency-included flight with/without first officers’*** neural activities and scanning behaviours were recorded using a 32-channel Electroencephalogram(EEG)and glasses-based eye tracker,with the observation and post-experiment questionnaires to evaluate the flight operations and pilots’*** alone,there was a significantly increased cortical activity in h and b waves over the frontal,parietal,and temporal lobes during the more complicated emergencies,and pilots focused less on the primary flight display while spending significantly more time scanning the other *** physiological fluctuating patterns associated with risky operations in SPO were highlighted by cross-correlating multimodal *** experimental-based noteworthy insights may wish to inform commercial SPO measures to lessen the persistent physiological fluctuation,assisting airlines in creating SPO-oriented intelligent flight systems to give captains adequate support for assuring safer air transportation.

关键词： Aviation engineering Single pilot operations Behaviour changes Eye tracker Electroencephalogram

Micro-Locational Fine Dust Prediction Utilizing Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第2期48卷 413-429页

作者： Seoyun Kim Hyerim Yu Jeewoo Yoon Eunil Park department of Applied Artificial Intelligence Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063Korea department of human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063Korea AI Team Raon DataSeoul03073Korea

Given the increasing number of countries reporting degraded air quality,effective air quality monitoring has become a critical issue in today’s ***,the current air quality observatory systems are often prohibitively expensive,resulting in a lack of observatories in many regions within a ***,a significant problem arises where not every region receives the same level of air quality *** disparity occurs because some locations have to rely on information from observatories located far away from their regions,even if they may be the closest available *** address this challenge,a novel approach that leverages machine learning and deep learning techniques to forecast fine dust concentrations was ***,continuous location features in the form of latitude and longitude values were incorporated into our *** utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising weather conditions,air quality measurements,and location properties,various machine learning models,including Random Forest Regression,XGBoost Regression,AdaBoost Regression,and a deep learning model known as Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)were *** experimental results demonstrated that the LSTM model outperforms the other models,achieving the best score with a root mean squared error of 23.48 in predicting fine dust(PM10)concentrations on an hourly ***,the fact that incorporating location properties,such as longitude and latitude values,enhances the overall quality of the regression models was ***,the implications and contributions of our research were *** implementing our approach,the cost associated with relying solely on existing observatories can be substantially *** reduction in costs can pave the way for economically efficient fine dust observation systems,ensuring more widespread and accurate air quality monitoring across different regions.

关键词： Fine dust PM_(10) air quality prediction machine learning LSTM

Activation of NRF2 by celastrol increases antioxidant functions and prevents the progression of osteoarthritis in mice

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第2期22卷 137-145页

作者： LIU Mingming GUO Jiatian ZHAO Jing LI Hongye FENG Xiaoxiao LIU Haojun ZHANG Hao JIA Xuejun WEI Rushuai LI Fang CHEN Chong HOU Mingzhuang LV Nanning XU Haiyan department of human anatomy Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004China department of Orthopedic Surgery The Affiliated Lianyungang Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University(The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang)Lianyungang 222003China department of Orthopaedics The First Afliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Institute of Hematology Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004China

Excessive oxidative stress impairs cartilage matrix metabolism balance,significantly contributing to osteoarthritis(OA)***(CSL),a drug derived from Tripterygium wilfordii,has recognized applications in the treatment of cancer and immune system disorders,yet its antioxidative stress mechanisms in OA remain *** study aimed to substantiate CSL’s chondroprotective effects and unravel its underlying *** investigated CSL’s impact on chondrocytes under both normal and inflammatory *** vitro,CSL mitigated interleukin(IL)-1β-induced activation of proteinases and promoted cartilage extracellular matrix(ECM)*** vivo,intra-articular injection of CSL ameliorated cartilage degeneration and mitigated subchondral bone lesions in OA ***,it was found that inhibiting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2)abrogated CSL-mediated antioxidative functions and exacerbated the progression of *** study is the first to elucidate the role of CSL in the treatment of OA through the activation of NRF2,offering a novel therapeutic avenue for arthritis therapy.

关键词： Osteoarthritis Celastrol Articular cartilage Extracellular matrix NRF2

Utilizing dual-pathway energy transfer in upconversion nanoconjugates for reinforced photodynamic therapy

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2941-2948页

作者： Ruohao Zhang Yu Lu Yifei Zhou Kehong Lv Xinyu Fu Jitong Gong Shuang Yao Xiaozhen Wang Jing Feng Hongjie Zhang State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China College of Chemistry Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China department of Breast Surgery General Surgery Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021China department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Enhancing the therapeutic effect of existing treatments or developing new non-invasive treatments are important measures to achieve high-efficiency treatment of malignant *** therapy(PDT)is an emerging treatment modality,and the key for achieving high-efficiency PDT is to select light with strong tissue penetration depth and enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Although the upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)modified with the photosensitizers could achieve PDT with strong penetration depth under near-infrared light irradiation,the ROS generated by traditional single-pathway PDT is still ***,we developed a novel nanoconjugate(UCNP-Ce6/AIEgen)for dual-pathway reinforced PDT,in which the UCNPs were co-modified with chlorin e6(Ce6)and luminogen with aggregation-induced emission(AIEgen).Due to the presence of AIEgen,UCNP-Ce6/AIEgen could avoid aggregation-caused luminescence quenching in biological water environments and convert upconversion luminescence(UCL)of UCNPs to Ce6-activatable ***,under the irradiation of 808 nm laser,UCNP-Ce6/AIEgen can not only undergo direct lanthanide-triplet energy transfer to activate Ce6,but also convert the UCL of UCNPs to the light that can activate Ce6 through Fӧrster resonance energy transfer to generate more ROS,thus promoting tumor cell *** work broadens the applications of nanoconjugates of lanthanide-based inorganic materials and organic dyes,and provides a conception for reinforced PDT of tumors.

关键词： upconversion nanoparticle aggregation-induced emission direct lanthanide-triplet energy transfer Förster resonance energy transfer photodynamic therapy

Depositional Responses to the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean Closure in the Central Area of the Great Xing’an Range: Insights into Thrust Faults and Foreland Basins

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 797-811页

作者： Zheren Zhao Shichao Li Lingyu Zhang College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China Key Laboratory of Mineral resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia Ministry of Natural ResourcesChangchun 130061China department of Geosciences and Natural resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 1350Denmark

The Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean,which has been closing gradually from the west to the east beginning since the Late Paleozoic,was an important part of the Central Asian Orogenic *** influenced the tectonic framework of Northeast Asia in the Mesozoic,especially the Late Mesozoic arc-basin system that is widely distributed in the Great Xing’an ***,the manner in which the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean affected the sedimentary basin development remains poorly *** address this issue,we conducted U-Pb dating of detrital zircon deposited sedimentary basins of the central Great Xing’an *** examining the possible provenances of the detrital zircon and the structural controls of the basins,we found that a key sedimentary unit was deposited around Late Jurassic-Early *** provenance was a felsic source in a back-arc setting of an active continental *** findings also suggest the existence of a unified geodynamic setting that affected the coeval development of basins in the northern Great Xing’an Range and the Yanshan fold-thrust belt along the northern margin of North China *** research helps to better understand the complex tectonic processes which shaped the Northeast Asia during the Late Mesozoic.

关键词： Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic domain depositional responses Murui Formation zircon geochemistry tectonics.

Metal vacancy-enriched layered double hydroxide for biomass molecule electrooxidation coupled with hydrogen production

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Fundamental Research 2024年第1期4卷 69-76页

作者： Yingjie Song Shan Jiang Yeheng He Yu Wu Xin Wan Wenfu Xie Jingjing Wang Zhenhua Li Haohong Duan Mingfei Shao State Key Laboratory of Chemical resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute China National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100195China department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The electrochemical oxidation of biomass molecules coupling with hydrogen production is a promising strategy to obtain both green energy and value-added chemicals;however,this strategy is limited by the competing oxygen evolution reactions and high energy ***,we report a hierarchical CoNi layered double hydroxides(LDHs)electrocatalyst with abundant Ni vacancies for the efficient anodic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)and cathodic hydrogen *** unique hierarchical nanosheet structure and Ni vacancies provide outstanding activity and selectivity toward several biomass molecules because of the finely regulated electronic structure and highly-exposed active *** particular,a high faradaic efficiency(FE)at a high current density(99%at 100 mA cm^(-2))is achieved for HMF oxidation,and a two-electrode electrolyzer is assembled based on the Ni vacancies-enriched LDH,which realized a continuous synthesis of highly-pure 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid products with high yields(95%)and FE(90%).

关键词： Layered double hydroxides Biomass upgrading 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Hydrogen production Coupled oxidation