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Gut microbiota-astrocyte axis: new insights into age-related cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 990-1008页

作者： Lan Zhang Jingge Wei Xilei Liu Dai Li Xiaoqi Pang Fanglian Chen Hailong Cao Ping Lei Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Department of GeriatricsTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Geriatrics Institute Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina department of Gastroenterology and hepatology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalNational Key Clinical SpecialtyTianjin Institute of Digestive DiseasesTianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesTianjinChina department of Urology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Neurological Institution Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina

With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent *** is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of *** microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive *** article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative *** article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial ***,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s *** findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.

关键词： age aging Alzheimer’s disease astrocytes cognitive decline dementia gut microbiota gut–brain axis microbial metabolites neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease

Gender disparities and woman-specific trends in Barrett’s esophagus in the United States:An 11-year nationwide populationbased study

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第1期15卷 60-71页

作者： Karina Fatakhova Faisal Inayat Hassam Ali Pratik Patel Attiq Ur Rehman Arslan Afzal Muhammad Sarfraz Shiza Sarfraz Gul Nawaz Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Rubaid Dhillon Arthur Dilibe Benjamin Glazebnik Lindsey Jones Emily Glazer Division of Gastroenterology and hepatology Mather Hospital and Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra UniversityPort JeffersonNY 11777United States department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahorePunjab 54550Pakistan Division of Gastroenterology and hepatology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Division of Gastroenterology and hepatology Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterWilkes-BarrePA 18711United States department of Internal Medicine East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States department of Internal Medicine St.Dominic's HospitalJacksonMS 39216United States department of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195United States department of Internal Medicine Mather Hospital and Hofstra University ZuckerSchool of MedicinePort JeffersonNY 11777United States

BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus(BE)is a known premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC).The prevalence rates continue to rise in the United States,but many patients who are at risk of EAC are not *** practice guidelines include male gender as a predisposing factor for BE and *** population-based clinical evidence regarding female gender remains *** To study comparative trends of gender disparities in patients with BE in the United *** A nationwide retrospective study was conducted using the 2009-2019 National Inpatient Sample(NIS)*** with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of BE were *** major outcome of interest was determining the gender disparities in patients with *** analysis for respective outcomes for females was also reported to ascertain any time-based *** We identified 1204190 patients with BE for the study *** the included patients,717439(59.6%)were men and 486751(40.4%)were *** mean age was higher in women than in men(67.1±0.4 vs 66.6±0.3 years,P<0.001).The rate of BE per 100000 total NIS hospitalizations for males increased from 144.6 in 2009 to 213.4 in 2019(P<0.001).The rate for females increased from 96.8 in 2009 to 148.7 in 2019(P<0.001).There was a higher frequency of obesity among women compared to men(17.4%vs 12.6%,P<0.001).Obesity prevalence among females increased from 12.3%in 2009 to 21.9%in 2019(P<0.001).A lower prevalence of smoking was noted in women than in men(20.8%vs 35.7%,P<0.001).However,trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of smoking among women,from 12.9%in 2009 to 30.7%in 2019(P<0.001).Additionally,there was a lower prevalence of alcohol abuse,Helicobacter pylori(***),and diabetes mellitus among females than males(P<0.001).Trend analysis showed an increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorder and a decreasing prevalence of *** and diabetes mellitus among women(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The prevalence of BE among

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Gender disparity Epidemiological trends Esophageal adenocarcinoma Screening endoscopy Female gender Risk factors

Anti-HBc screening in Indian blood donors:Still an unresolved issue

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第34期14卷 5327-5330页

作者： Hari Krishan Dhawan Neelam Marwaha Ratti Ram Sharma Yogesh Chawla Beenu Thakral Karan Saluja Sanjeev Kumar Sharma Manish K Thakur Ashish Jain department of Transfusion Medicine pgimer department of hepatology pgimer

AIM:To study the seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in healthy blood donors negative for HBsAg and to evaluate whether anti-HBc detection could be adopted in India as a screening assay for HBV in addition to HBsAg. METHODS: A total of 1700 serum samples collected from HBsAg-negative healthy blood donors were tested for the presence of anti-HBc antibody (IgM + IgG). All samples reactive for anti-HBc antibody were then investigated for presence of anti-HBs and for liver function tests (LFTs). One hundred serum samples reactive for anti-HBc were tested for HBV DNA by PCR method. RESULTS: Out of 1700 samples tested, 142 (8.4%) blood samples were found to be reactive for anti-HBc. It was signif icantly lower in voluntary (6.9%) as compared to replacement donors (10.4%, P = 0.011). Seventy- two (50.7%) anti-HBc reactive samples were also reactive for anti-HBs with levels > 10 mIU/mL and 70 (49.3%) samples were non-reactive for anti-HBs, these units were labeled as anti-HBc-only. These 142 anti-HBc reactive units were also tested for liver function test. HBV DNA was detected in only 1 of 100 samples tested. CONCLUSION: Keeping in view that 8%-18% of donor population in India is anti-HBc reactive, inclusion of anti- HBc testing will lead to high discard rate. Anti-HBs as proposed previously does not seem to predict clearance of the virus. Cost effectiveness of introducing universalanti-HBc screening and discarding large number of blood units versus considering ID NAT (Individual donor nuclic acid testing) needs to be assessed.

关键词： Hepatitis B core antigen Hepatitis B surface antigen Hepatitis B virus Transfusion-associated hepatitis B virus Blood donors

Wilson's disease in two siblings from Ecuador:Two case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第3期13卷 50-60页

作者： Enrique Carrera Jonathan Alvarado Martina Astudillo Galo Pillajo department of Gastroenterology and hepatology Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio EspejoQuito 170136PichinchaEcuador Faculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Catolica del EcuadorQuito 170143PichinchaEcuador department of Radiology Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio EspejoQuito 170136PichinchaEcuador

BACKGROUND Wilson's disease(WD)is a rare metabolic disorder of copper accumulation in organs such as liver,brain,and *** and treatments are challenging in settings,where advanced diagnostic tests are unavailable,copper chelating agents are frequently scarce,healthcare professionals lack disease awareness,and medical follow-ups are *** diagnoses and treatments help prevent complications,improve patients’quality of life,and ensure a normal life *** clinical presentations and outcomes of WD can vary within a single *** SUMMARY We present the cases of two siblings(19 and 27 years)from a consanguineous family in rural Ecuador,diagnosed as having WD during a family *** male patient,diagnosed at age 19 after his brother’s death from acute liver failure,presented with compensated cirrhosis,neurological symptoms,and bilateral Kayser-Fleischer *** developed progressive neurological deterioration during an irregular treatment with D-penicillamine due to medication *** condition improved upon switching to trientine tetrahydrochloride,and his neurological symptoms improved over an 8-year period of *** female patient,diagnosed at age 10,exhibited only biochemical *** treatment history was similar;however,she remained asymptomatic without disease progression over the same follow-up *** discuss the potential influence of epigenetic mechanisms and modifier genes on the various phenotypes,emphasizing the need for research in these areas to optimize therapeutic *** Our patients’medical histories show how early diagnosis and treatment can prevent disease progression;and,how suboptimal treatments impact disease outcomes.

关键词： Wilson disease Kayser-Fleischer rings Copper chelator D-penicillamine Trientine tetrahydrochloride Case report

A phase II study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by organ preservation in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第3期9卷 318-328页

作者： Chinna Babu Dracham Narendra Kumar Santosh Kumar Arun Elangovan Budhi Singh Yadav Ravimohan S.Mavuduru Anupam Lal Pramod K.Gupta Rakesh Kapoor department of Radiotherapy&Oncology PGIMERChandigarhIndia department of Urology PGIMERChandigarhIndia department of Radiodiagnosis PGIMERChandigarhIndia department of Biostatistics PGIMERChandigarhIndia

Objective:Conservative approaches in muscle-invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)have been evolved to avoid aggressive surgery,but are limited to elderly,frail,and patients medically unfit for *** study aimed to assess the response rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)before radiotherapy(RT)in MIBC ***:Forty patients with urothelial carcinoma of stage T2-T4a,N0,M0 were enrolled between November 2013 and November 2015,and treated with three cycles of NACT with ***-NACT response was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(RECIST)*** who achieved complete response(CR)and partial response(PR)>50%were treated with radical RT,and those who had PR50%or CR,and were treated with ***(12.5%)patients who had PR<50%,SD,or PD underwent *** patients who received radiation showed CR after 6 *** follow-up was 43 months(range:10-66 months)and median overall survival(OS)was not ***-year OS,local control,and disease-free survival were 70.1%,60.9%,50.6%,respectively,and 50%of patients preserved their functioning ***-year OS rate was 88.9%in patients who achieved CR to NACT,73.1%in patients with PR≥50%and 40%in patients with PR<50%.Conclusion:NACT followed by RT provides a high probability of local response with bladder preservation in CR *** use of this treatment regimen in carefully selected patients may omit the need for morbid surgery.

关键词： Bladder preservation Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Radiotherapy Muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Role of doxycycline in the treatment of dengue infection: An open-label, randomized, controlled, pilot trial

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第4期17卷 160-165页

作者： Banothu Vinod Kumar Kajal Kamboj Ashok Kumar Pannu Ashok Kumar Yadav Mandip Bhatia Atul Saroch department of Internal Medicine PGIMER ChandigarhIndia department of Experimental Medicine&Biotechnology PGIMER ChandigarhIndia

Objective:To measure the effect of doxycycline on inflammatory marker[IL-6,TNF-α,ferritin and C reactive protein(CRP)]levels in patients with dengue ***:A single-centre,open-label,parallel-group randomized controlled trial was done in pgimer Chandigarh from June 2021 to October *** were randomized using a simple randomization process into two groups:the doxycycline treatment group(n=35)and the control group(n=34).Patients in the treatment group were given oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for five days along with standard treatment,whereas patients in the control group received only standard *** objective was to measure the effect of doxycycline on inflammatory markers in dengue ***:On comparative analysis at day 5,there was a statistically significant reduction in the median values of ferritin and CRP in cases compared to the control group(ferritin:P=0.006 and CRP:P=0.006).No significant reduction was noted in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.Conclusions:Doxycycline treatment led to a reduction of inflammatory markers in dengue infection.

关键词： Dengue Cytokine Doxycycline Serum ferritin C reactive protein

Perceived effectiveness of infection control practices in Laundry of a tertiary healthcare centre

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第2期10卷 114-115页

作者： Raman Sharma Ashok Kumar Vipin Koushal department of Hospital Administration PGIMER

Hospital management in modern milieu has become patient oriented and good patient outcome is a result of effective and effi cient medical care along with provisions of hygienic food,clean linen,safe environment,congenial atmosphere and good interpersonal relationship.^[1]Laundry is one such important support service which ensures prevention as well as containment of hospital infections and is also a determining factor for maintenance of good image of a hospital[2].

关键词： Hospital management modern milieu oriented

Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Entecavir for HBeAg Positive Chronic Hepatitis B:Study Protocol for a Multi-Center,Double-Blind Randomized-Controlled Trial

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第9期24卷 653-660页

作者： YE Yong-an LI Xiao-ke ZHOU Da-qiao CHI Xiao-ling LI Qin WANG Li LU Bing-jiu MAO De-wen WU Qi-kai WANG Xian-bo ZHANG Ming-xiang XUE Jing-dong LI Yong LU Wei GUO Jian-chun JIANG Feng ZHANG Xin-wei DU Hong-bo YANG Xian-zhao GUO Hui GAN Da-nan LI Zhi-guo Institute of Liver Diseases Beijing University of Chinese MedicineDongzhimen Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine department of hepatology Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital department of hepatology Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine department of hepatology Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University department of hepatology Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu department of hepatology Liaoning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine department of hepatology the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine department of hepatology the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen department of hepatology Beijing Ditan Hospital department of hepatology the Sixth People's Hospital of Shenyang department of hepatology Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine department of hepatology Shandong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine department of hepatology the Second People's Hospital of Tianjin department of hepatology Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou department of hepatology 302 Military Hospital of China department of hepatology the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Background： The domestic prevalence of chronic hepatitis B （CHB） in China is 7.18% in 2006, imposing great societal healthcare burdens. Nucleot（s）ide analogues （NUCs） anti-hepatitis B virus （HBV） therapies are widely applied despite the relatively low rate of seroconversion and high risk of drug-resistant mutation. More effective treatments for CHB deserve further explorations. Combined therapy of NUCs plus Chinese herbal medicine （CHM） is widely accepted in China, which is recognized as a prospective alternative approach. The study was primarily designed to confirm the hypothesis that Tiaogan-Yipi Granule （调肝益脾颗粒, TGYP） or Tiaogan-Jianpi-Jiedu Granule （调肝健脾解毒颗粒, TGJPJD） plus entecavir tablet （ETV） was superior over ETV monotherapy in enhancing HBeAg loss rate. Methods： The study was a nationwide, large-scale, multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a designed duration of 108 weeks. A total of 16 hospitals and 596 eligible Chinese HBeAg positive CHB patients were enrolled from November 2012 to September 2013 and randomly allocated into 2 groups in 1：1 ratio via central randomization system： experimental group （EG） and control group （CG）. Subjects in EG received CM formulae （TGYP or TGJPJD, 50 g per dose, twice daily） plus ETV tablet （or ETV placebo） 0.5 mg per day in the first 24 weeks （stage 1）, and CHM granule plus ETV tablet （0.5 mg per day） from week 25 to 108 （stage 2）. Subjects in CG received CHM Granule placebo plus E＇IV tablet （0.5 mg per day） for 108 weeks throughout the trial. The assessments of primary outcomes （HBV serum markers and HBV-DNA） were conducted by a third-party College of American Pathologists （CAP） qualified laboratory. Adverse effects were observed in the hospitals of recruitment. Discussion： The study was designed to compare the curative effect of CM plus E＇IV and ETV monotherapy in respect of HBeAg loss, which is recognized by the European Association for the Study of the Liver as ＂a valuable endpoint＂. We be

关键词： chronic hepatitis B Chinese herbal medicine Tiaogan-Jianpi-Jiedu Granule Tiaogan-Yipi Granule protocol randomized-controlled trial

Locoregional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma:The best is yet to come

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World Journal of Radiology 2015年第10期7卷 306-318页

作者： Naveen Kalra Pankaj Gupta Yogesh Chawla Niranjan Khandelwal Deparment of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging PGIMER Deparment of hepatology PGIMER

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the sixth-most common type of cancer worldwide. The only definitive treatment modalities capable of achieving a cure are hepatic resection and hepatic transplantation. However, most patients are not candidates for these therapies. Overall, treatment options are driven by the stage of HCC. Early-stage disease is treated with ablative therapies, with radiofrequency ablation the ablative therapy of choice. Microwave ablation and irreversible electroporation are the other upcoming alternatives. Intermediate-stage disease is managed with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE), while advanced-stage disease is managed by sorafenib, with TACE and radioembolization as other alternatives.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma High intensity focussed u