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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第4期40卷 533-538页

作者： Yusheng Jia Xuanqi Qiao Jin Zhao Hainan Li Shanlian Hu Min Hu department of health economics School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghai200032China National health Commission Key Laboratory of health Technology Assessment Fudan UniversityShanghai200032China

DearEditors,Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a chronic,autoimmune neurological disorder characterized by inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system;it is associated with reduced mobility,cognitive impairment,and numerous comorbidities[1].Global MS incidence(2.1 per 100,000 person-years)and prevalence(30.1 per 100,000)have increased in recent years,and its prevalence is notably higher in Western countries,ranging from~30 to 200 cases per 100,000[2].In China,recent epidemiological research has shown that the crude prevalence was 2.44 per 100,000 in 2016[3],and the age-and sex-adjusted incidence was 0.235 per 100,000 person-years[4].Despite the relatively low prevalence compared with the global average,China has extensively addressed the well-being of over 30,000 MS patients,enrolling MS in China's First National List of Rare Diseases in 2018.

关键词： prevalence impairment autoimmune

Applying Machine Learning Approach to Explore Childhood Circumstances and Self-Rated health in Old Age-China and the US,2020-2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 213-218,I0008-I0013页

作者： Shutong Huo Derek Feng Thomas M.Gill Xi Chen department of health Society&BehaviorPublic HealthUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA department of Statistics and Data Science Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS department of Internal Medicine Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUS department of health Policy and Management Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTUS department of economics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS.

Introduction:Childhood circumstances impact senior health,prompting the introduction of machine learning methods to assess their individual and collective contributions to senior health.Methods:Using health and retirement study(HRS)and China health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),we analyzed 2,434 American and 5,612 Chinese participants aged 60 and above.Conditional inference trees and forests were employed to estimate the influence of childhood circumstances on self-rated health(SRH).Results:The conventional method estimated higher inequality of opportunity(IOP)values in both China(0.039,accounting for 22.67%of the total Gini coefficient 0.172)and the US(0.067,accounting for 35.08%of the total Gini coefficient 0.191).In contrast,the conditional inference tree yielded lower estimates(China:0.022,accounting for 12.79%of 0.172;US:0.044,accounting for 23.04%of 0.191),as did the forest(China:0.035,accounting for 20.35%of 0.172;US:0.054,accounting for 28.27%of 0.191).Childhood health,financial status,and regional differences were key determinants of senior health.The conditional inference forest consistently outperformed others in predictive accuracy,as demonstrated by lower out-of-sample mean squared error(MSE).Discussion:The findings emphasize the need for early-life interventions to promote health equity in aging populations.Machine learning showcases the potential in identifying contributing factors.

关键词： collective inequality estimates

A Systematic Analysis of Early Life Exposure to the Chinese Famine(1959-1961)and the health of Older Adults-China,2008-2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 203-207,I0001-I0003页

作者： Chi Shen Xi Chen School of Public Policy and Administration Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an CityShaanxi ProvinceChina department of health Policy and Management Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTU.S department of economics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTU.S

What is already known about this topic?There is mounting evidence indicating that the aging process initiates during early life stages,with in utero the individual’s environment playing a significant role.Consequently,it is crucial to comprehend the enduring effects of early life circumstances on health in old age.What is added by this report?In this study,we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of the Chinese Famine(1959–1961)on the health of older adults.We also explored potential mechanisms underlying these effects.What are the implications for public health practice?The complex interplay between early life circumstances,multiple health-related sectors,and healthy aging necessitates a comprehensive life-course approach and strategic interventions to enhance public health in an aging society.

关键词： life aging mount

The impact of the Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)Program on child nutrition outcomes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 444-456页

作者： Dian Chen Xiangming Fang Yu Chen Xiaodong Zheng Zhuo Chen Rodney B.W.Smith Academy of Global Food economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China School of Public health Georgia State UniversityAtlanta 30303USA School of economics Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China College of Public health University of GeorgiaAthens 30602USA department of Applied economics University of MinnesotaSaint Paul 55108USA

The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.

关键词： Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee nutrition height-to-age z-scores stunting rural China

Tracking the change in Spanish greenhouse gas emissions through an LMDI decomposition model:A global and sectoral approach

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 114-122页

作者： Paula Fernández González María José Presno Manuel Landajo department of Applied economics University of OviedoAuda del Cristos/n 33011 OviedoSpain

The reduction of GHG emissions to reverse the greenhouse effect is one of the main challenges in this century.In this paper we pursue two objectives.First,we analyze the evolution of GHG emissions in Spain in 2008–2018,at both the global and sectoral levels,with the variation in emissions decomposed into a set of determining factors.Second,we propose several actions specifically oriented to more tightly controlling the level of emissions.Our results showed a remarkable reduction(18.44%)in GHG emissions,mainly due to the intensity effect,but also to the production-per-capita effect.We detected somewhat different patterns among the various sectors analyzed.While the intensity effect was the most influential one in the agricultural,transport,and others sectors,the production-per-capita effect was predominant in the case of industry.The carbonization effect was revealed as crucial in the commerce sector.The above findings highlight the importance of the energy efficiency measures taken in recent years in the Spanish economy,also pointing to the need to deepen those strategies and to propose new measures that entail greater efficiency in emissions.Additional efforts in areas like innovation,R&D,diffusion of more eco-friendly technologies,and a greater use of greener energies all prove to be essential reduction actions to fight the greenhouse effect.

关键词： LMDI Decomposition Spain GHG emissions

Financial and non-financial determinants of the indebtedness of hospitals:the case of Poland

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Journal of Management Analytics 2024年第1期11卷 26-44页

作者： Katarzyna Miszczyńska Elżbieta Antczak department of Banking Faculty of Economics and SociologyUniversity of LodzLodzPoland department of Spatial Econometrics Faculty of Economics and SociologyUniversity of LodzLodzPoland

The performance of Polish healthcare is still far from satisfactory,which is connected with growing indebtedness that adversely affects not only the development of healthcare but also the quality of medical services provided.In turn,the financial situation of hospitals depends on various indicators and the relationship between them.This paper investigates the determinants of healthcare sector functioning in the context of hospitals’financial situation(dependent variable measured by total debt ratio).321 individual public units were examined between years 2007–2017.More specifically,the fixed effects panel data model in question measures and evaluates the impact of economic,regional,institutional,and social factors in determining the dependent variable.This study confirmed dependencies between financial and non-financial ratios along with their impact on the financial condition of studied entities.The management implications of our study lay the groundwork for the improvement of efficient resource management for public hospitals.

关键词： polish healthcare system hospitals’financial situation debt ratio panel data analysis

Development and validation of a prediction model for early screening of people at high risk for colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期30卷 450-461页

作者： Ling-Li Xu Yi Lin Li-Yuan Han Yue Wang Jian-Jiong Li Xiao-Yu Dai department of General Surgery Ningbo No.2 HospitalNingbo 315000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Center for health economics Faculty of Humanities and Social SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNingbo 315100Zhejiang ProvinceChina department of Global health Ningbo Institute of Life and Health IndustryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315000Zhejiang ProvinceChina School of Public health Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a serious threat worldwide.Although early screening is suggested to be the most effective method to prevent and control CRC,the current situation of early screening for CRC is still not optimistic.In China,the incidence of CRC in the Yangtze River Delta region is increasing dramatically,but few studies have been conducted.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a simple and efficient early screening model for CRC.AIM To develop and validate an early-screening nomogram model to identify individuals at high risk of CRC.METHODS Data of 64448 participants obtained from Ningbo Hospital,China between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The cohort comprised 64448 individuals,of which,530 were excluded due to missing or incorrect data.Of 63918,7607(11.9%)individuals were considered to be high risk for CRC,and 56311(88.1%)were not.The participants were randomly allocated to a training set(44743)or validation set(19175).The discriminatory ability,predictive accuracy,and clinical utility of the model were evaluated by constructing and analyzing receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and calibration curves and by decision curve analysis.Finally,the model was validated internally using a bootstrap resampling technique.RESULTS Seven variables,including demographic,lifestyle,and family history information,were examined.Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that age[odds ratio(OR):1.03,95%confidence interval(CI):1.02-1.03,Phealthy lifestyle was a protective factor,whereas family history was the most significant risk factor.The area under the curve was 0.734(95%CI:0.723-0.745)for the final validation set ROC curve and 0.735(95%CI:0.728-0.742)for the training set ROC curve.The calibration curve demonstrated

关键词： Colorectal cancer Early screening model High-risk population Nomogram model Questionnaire survey Dietary habit Living habit

Brent vs.West Texas Intermediate in the US petro derivatives price formation

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 729-739页

作者： Alejandro Almeida Antonio A.Golpe Juan Manuel Martín-Alvarez Jose Carlos Vides Universidad Internacional de La Rioja Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and BusinessLa RiojaSpain University of Huelva Department of Economics and Centro de Estudios Avanzados en FisicaMatematicas y Computacion and ICEIHuelvaSpain Complutense University of Madrid Department of Applied and Structural Economics and History and ICEIMadridSpain

In this paper,we apply the spatial panel model to explore the relationship between the dynamic of two types of crude oil prices(WTI and Brent crude oil)and their refined products over time.Considering the turbulent months of 2011,when Cushing Oklahoma had reached capacity and the crude oil export ban removal in 2015 as breakpoints,we apply this method both in the full sample and the three resultant regimes.First,results suggest our results show that both WTI and Brent display very similar behaviour with the refined products.Second,when attending to each regime,results derived from the first and third regimes are quite similar to the full sample results.Therefore,during the second regime,Brent crude oil became the benchmark in the petrol market,and it influenced the distillate products.Furthermore,our model can let us determine the price-setters and price-followers in the price formation mechanism through refined products.These results possess important considerations to policymakers and the market participants and the price formation.

关键词： Crude oil prices Spatial panel model Refined products Price formation

Invasive ant learning is not affected by seven potential neuroactive chemicals

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 87-97页

作者： Henrique Galante Tomer J.Czaczkes department of Zoology and Evolutionary Biology Animal Comparative Economics LaboratoryUniversity of Regensburg93053 Regensburg Germany

Argentine ants Linepithema humile are one of the most damaging invasive alien species worldwide.Enhancing or disrupting cognitive abilities,such as learning,has the potential to improve management efforts,for example by increasing preference for a bait,or improving ants'ability to learn its characteristics or location.Nectar-feeding insects are often the victims of psychoactive manipulation,with plants lacing their nectar with secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and non-protein amino acids which often alter learning,foraging,or recruitment.However,the effect of neuroactive chemicals has seldomly been explored in ants.Here,we test the effects of seven potential neuroactive chemicals-two alkaloids:caffeine and nicotine;two biogenic amines:dopamine and octopamine,and three nonprotein amino acids:β-alanine,GABA and taurineon the cognitive abilities of invasive L.humile using bifurcation mazes.Our results confirm that these ants are strong associative learners,requiring as little as one experience to develop an association.However,we show no short-term effect of any of the chemicals tested on spatial learning,and in addition no effect of caffeine on short-term olfactory learning.This lack of effect is surprising,given the extensive reports of the tested chemicals affecting learning and foraging in bees.This mismatch could be due to the heavy bias towards bees in the literature,a positive result publicationbias,ordifferences inmethodology.

关键词： associativelearning caffeine memory neuroactivechemicals

Whether to Abolish or Introduce Dual Regulation as Trade and Environmental Policy?

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China & World Economy 2024年第1期32卷 57-95页

作者： Yoshihiro Hamaguchi department of economics Faculty of Economics and Business AdministrationKyoto University of Advanced ScienceJapan

China,which has already introduced an environmental tax in an effort to decarbonize,has recently begun emissions trading and is using two environmental policies in tandem,but there are concerns about the impact on growth and trade.Trade and environmental policies affect firms'entry and exit,resulting in changes in aggregate productivity and pollution emissions.This study compares the impacts of single regulation and dual regulation on welfare,using a research-and-development based growth model with heterogeneous firms.Under single regulation,the cleansing effect of trade liberalization could be undermined.Under dual regulation,trade liberalization decreases pollution and improves average productivity whereas decreasing total permits reduces pollution.From the perspective of improving welfare it is desirable to choose dual regulation because trade liberalization can reduce total pollution emissions via the cleansing effect of trade liberalization.

关键词： dual regulation heterogeneous firm Porter hypothesis research and development difficulty trade liberalization