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A test of two mechanisms proposed to optimize grassland aboveground primary productivity in response to grazing

Journal of Plant ecology 2012年第4期5卷 357-365页

作者： A.K.Knapp D.L.Hoover J.M.Blair G.Buis D.E.Burkepile A.Chamberlain S.L.Collins R.W.S.Fynn K.P.Kirkman M.D.Smith D.Blake N.Govender P.O'Neal T.Schreck A.Zinn Graduate Degree Program in ecology and department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80526USA Division of Biology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA department of Biological Sciences Florida International UniversityNorth MiamiFL 33181USA department of Biology MSC03-2020University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA Okavango Research Institute University of BotswanaPrivate Bag 285MaunBotswana School of Biological and Conservation Science University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Scientific Services Kruger National ParkPrivate Bag X402Skukuza1350South Africa department of ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

Aims Mesic grasslands have a long evolutionary history of grazing by large herbivores and as a consequence,grassland species have numerous adaptations allowing them to respond favourably to *** empirical evidence has been equivocal,theory predicts that such adaptations combined with alterations in resources can lead to grazing-induced overcompensation in aboveground net primary production(ANPP;grazed ANPP>ungrazed ANPP)under certain *** tested two specific predictions from ***,overcompensation is more likely to occur in annually burned grasslands because limiting nutrients that would be lost with frequent fires are recycled through grazers and stimulate ***,overcompensation of biomass lost to grazers is more likely to occur in unburned sites where grazing has the greatest effect on increasing light availability through alterations in canopy *** We tested these nutrient versus light-based predictions in grazed grasslands that had been annually burned or protected from fire for>20 *** assessed responses in ANPP to grazing by large ungulates using both permanent and moveable grazing exclosures(252 exclosures from which biomass was harvested from 3192 quadrats)in a 2-year *** sites were located at the Konza Prairie Biological Station(KPBS)in North America and at Kruger National Park(KNP)in South *** KPBS,sites were grazed by North American bison whereas in KNP sites were grazed either by a diverse suite of herbivores(*** wildebeest,Burchell’s zebra,African buffalo)or by a single large ungulate(African buffalo).Important Findings We found no evidence for overcompensation in either burned or unburned sites,regardless of grazer ***,there was no support for either mechanism leading to ***,complete compensation of total biomass lost to grazers was the most common response characterizing grazing–ANPP relationships with,in some cases,undercompensation of grass ANPP being of

关键词： aboveground net primary production fire forbs herbivores savanna

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grassland Pasture Composition and Quality in the Communes of Ziguinchor and Kolda, Senegal

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Open Journal of ecology 2024年第9期14卷 683-705页

作者： Aly Diallo Saboury Ndiaye Arfang Ousmane Kemo Goudiaby Yaya Diatta Mamadou Ndao Mamadou Diamanka Gnima Manga department of Agroforestry Faculty of Science and Technology Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal

In Senegal, natural pasture plays a major role in feeding livestock. During the rainy season, herbaceous plants account for a large proportion of the fodder consumed by ruminants. In Casamance, the composition and quality of these grasses are poorly known and underexploited. In this context, the study aimed to improve the knowledge and valorisation of the herbaceous fodder of the South. Individual interviews were conducted and a questionnaire was sent to farmers living in Ziguinchor and Kolda. A floristic inventory with a phytosociological approach was also carried out. The data collected were processed using Excel and Sphinx software in order to differentiate and classify the herbaceous species eaten by the tail. The majority of respondents were Fulani (55.30%). most of whom ranged in age from 30 to 60. Livestock rearing came second (38.3%) after agriculture (40%) among the principal activities of the people surveyed. The floristic inventory identified 95 species in 68 genera and 22 families. Species of low and medium pastoral value dominate the herbaceous layer. The global rangeland quality index was 48.16% and the brute pastoral value was 54.77%. Thirteen species contributed 54.86% of the pastoral value of the grassland. The floristic composition of community rangelands showed the presence of a varied herbaceous fodder range. The combination of which will help to develop a table of nutritional values for the formation of equilibrated feed rations for farmed livestock.

关键词： Fodder Herbaceous Pasture Nutritional Assessment Livestock

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Effect of Land Cover Change on Soil Phosphorus Fractions in Southeastern Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

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Pedosphere 2008年第6期18卷 741-748页

作者： ZHAO Qiong ZENG De-Hui FAN Zhi-Ping D. K. LEE Daqinggou Ecological Station Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 （China） department of Forest Sciences Seoul National University Seoul-151- 921 （Repubiic of Korea）

In the past 50 years, large areas of the Horqin sandy land were afforested to prevent desertification. Although the afforestation policy appears successful, many people now doubt whether it is suitable to plant trees with high density on the poor soils in semiarid regions. Little is known about the impacts of afforestation on the sandy soil properties, although the evaluation of these impacts is fundamental to judge the rationality of afforestation policy. Soil phosphorus （P） fractions, acid phosphomonoesterase activities, and other soil chemical properties were compared among five adjoining typical ecosystems on poor sandy soils in southeastern Horqin sandy land. The ecosystems studied are natural elm savanna, degraded grassland, Mongolian pine （Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica） plantation, Chinese pine （Pinus tabulaeformis） plantation, and mixed plantation of Mongolian pine and poplar （Populus simonii）. The results showed that organic P dominated soil P （47%-65%） was the principal source of available P. The degradation of elm savanna to grassland significantly reduced soil pH and resulted in an overall reduction in soil fertility, although slightly increased labile inorganic P. grassland afforestation had no significant influence on soil pH, organic carbon, and total N but significantly reduced total P. Impacts of grassland afforestation on soil P fractions depended on tree species. Natural elm savanna had higher soil P conserving ability than artificial plantations. Therefore, with the aim of developing a sustainable ecosystem, we suggested that vegetations with low nutrient demand （particularly P） and efficient nutrient cycling would be more suitable for ecosystem restoration in the semiarid region.

关键词： afforestation Horqin sandy land soil phosphorus vegetation restoration

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Modeling grass yields in Qinghai Province,China,based on MODIS NDVI data--an empirical comparison

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 413-429页

作者： Jianhong LIU Clement ATZBERGER Xin HUANG Kejian SHEN Yongmei LIU Lei WANG Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Northwest UniversityXi’an 710127China College of Urban and Environmental Science Northwest UniversityXi’an 710127China Institute of Surveying Remote Sensing and Land InformationUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences(BOKU)Peter Jordan Straße 82Vienna 1190Austria Remote Sensing Center for Agriculture and animal husbandry of Qinghai Xining 810007China Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design Beijing 100125China

Qinghai Province is one of the four largest pastoral regions in *** monitoring of grass growth and accurate estimation of grass yields are essential for its ecological protection and sustainable *** estimate grass yields in Qinghai,we used the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)time-series data derived from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)and a pre-existing grassland type *** developed five estimation approaches to quantify the overall accuracy by combining four data pre-processing techniques(original,Savitzky-Golay(SG),Asymmetry Gaussian(AG)and Double Logistic(DL)),three metrics derived from NDVI time series(VImax,VIseason and VImean)and four fitting functions(linear,second-degree polynomial,power function,and exponential function).The five approaches were investigated in terms of overall accuracy based on 556 ground survey samples in *** assessment and evaluation,we applied the best estimation model in each approach to map the fresh grass yields over the entire Qinghai Province in *** indicated that:1)For sample estimation,the crossvalidated overall accuracies increased with the increasing flexibility in the chosen fitting variables,and the best estimation accuracy was obtained by the so called“fully flexible model”with R2 of 0.57 and RMSE of 1140 kg/ha.2)Exponential models generally outperformed linear and power models.3)Although overall similar,strong local discrepancies were identified between the grass yield maps derived from the five *** particular,the two most flexible modeling approaches were too sensitive to errors in the pre-existing grassland type *** led to locally strong overestimations in the modeled grass yields.

关键词： Qinghai Province grass yield remote sensing MODIS vegetation index

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Satellite-based Studies on Large-Scale Vegetation Changes in China

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第10期54卷 713-728页

作者： Xia Zhao Daojing Zhou Jingyun Fang State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093 China department of ecology College of Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Beijing 100871 China

Remotely-sensed vegetation indices, which indicate the density and photosynthetic capacity of vegetation, have been widely used to monitor vegetation dynamics over broad areas. In this paper, we reviewed satellite-based studies on vegetation cover changes, biomass and productivity variations, phenological dynamics, desertification, and grassland degradation in China that occurred over the past 2-3 decades. Our review shows that the satellite-derived index （Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI） during growing season and the vegetation net primary productivity in major terrestrial ecosystems （for example forests, grasslands, shrubs, and croplands） have significantly increased, while the number of fresh lakes and vegetation coverage in urban regions have experienced a substantial decline. The start of the growing season continually advanced in China＇s temperate regions until the 1990s, with a large spatial heterogeneity. We also found that the coverage of sparsely-vegetated areas declined, and the NDVI per unit in vegetated areas increased in arid and semi-arid regions because of increased vegetation activity in grassland and oasis areas. However, these results depend strongly not only on the periods chosen for investigation, but also on factors such as data sources, changes in detection methods, and geospatial heterogeneity. Therefore, we should be cautious when applying remote sensing techniques to monitor vegetation structures, functions, and changes.

关键词： Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) phenology remote sensing vegetation coverage vegetation degradation vegetation productivity

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Effects of Seasonal and Perennial Grazing on Soil Fauna Community and Microbial Biomass Carbon in the Subalpine Meadows of Yunnan, Southwest China

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 371-379页

作者： LIU Shengjie YANG Xiaodong Anthony R. IVES FENG Zhili SHA Liqing Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla 666303 (China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China) department of Zoology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 (USA)

Grazing and over-grazing may drive changes in the diversity and functioning of below-ground meadow ecosystems. A field soil survey was conducted to compare microbial biomass carbon （Cmin） and soil fauna communities in the two main grassland management systems in subalpine regions of Yunnan Province, China： perennial grazing currently practiced due to increasing herd sizes and traditional seasonal grazing. A three-year exclosure experiment was then conducted to further compare the effects of different grazing practices, including treatments of no mowing, perennial grazing （NM ＋ G）, mowing followed by seasonal grazing （M ＋ G）, mowing and no grazing （M ＋ NG）, and no mowing or grazing （NM ＋ NG）. The comparative survey result revealed that Cmin and total density of soil fauna were significantly lower at a perennially grazed site than at a seasonally grazed site. The experiment results showed that in comparison to non-grazing treatments （M ＋ NG and NM ＋ NG）, grazing （NM ＋ G and M ＋ G） reduced total fauna density （by 150 individuals m-2） and the number of taxonomic groups present （by 0.32 taxa m-2）. Mowing decreased Cmin （by 0.31 mg g-l）. Furthermore, the NM ＋ G treatment （perennial grazing） had the lowest density of Collembola （16.24 individuals m-2）, one of the two most common taxonomic groups, although other taxonomic groups responded differently to the treatments. Treatment effects on soil fauna were consistent with those on above-ground grasses, in which C：N ratios were greatly reduced by grazing, with this effect being the greatest for the NM ＋ G treatment. In contrast, different grazing treatments had little effect on C：N ratio of soil. Furthermore, the traditional grazing method （mowing followed by seasonal grazing） may have less severe effects on some taxonomic groups than perennial grazing. Therefore, an appropriate management should aim to protect soil fauna and microbes in this area from over-grazing and against further degradation.

关键词： grass nutrient meadow ecosystems mowing plant and animal communities soil microbes over-grazing

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Functional zoning in national parks under multifactor trade-off guidance:A case study of Qinghai Lake National Park in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第10期32卷 1969-1997页

作者： ZHAO Li DU Mingxi ZHANG Wei LI Congjuan LIU Qiuyu KANG Xiang ZHOU Dian School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Northwest Surveying Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationKey Laboratory National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid RegionsXi’an 710048China School of Public Policy and Administration Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Horticulture and Forestry Central China Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Xinjiang Institute of ecology and Geography CASUrumqi 830011China department of Biological Sciences University of Quebec at MontrealMontreal H3C 3P8Canada

Functional zoning is an important mechanism for achieving national park planning and management *** functional zoning is of great significance to the protection of ecosystem legitimacy and integrity,the appropriate utilization of resources,community integration,and feasible *** the present study,the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park is the research *** on the critical goal of ecological protection,the importance of ecosystem service functions and the ecological sensitivities were *** results showed that the ecosystem service functions and the ecological sensitivity of the whole region are *** them,lake,river and wetland as the most strictly protected ecosystems account for the highest *** this study divided the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park into five functional areas through grid calculations,spatial analysis and multifactor *** results indicated that the goal of functional zoning for national park is to maximize the overall utility of park protection value and its comprehensive functions based on its spatial units with different functions,management and control *** zoning scheme addresses the lack of sustainable development in Qinghai Lake National Park due to ecological environmental changes and single-resource zoning with resource protection as the primary *** study can serve as a reference for spatial functional zoning methods of national land parks,nature reserves and other natural protected areas.

关键词： national park functional zoning interference from human activities multifactor trade-off

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Feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics:a comprehensive meta-data analysis review

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Biochar 2020年第4期2卷 421-438页

作者： James A.Ippolito Liqiang Cui Claudia Kammann Nicole Wrage‑Mönnig Jose MEstavillo Teresa Fuertes‑Mendizabal Maria Luz Cayuela Gilbert Sigua Jeff Novak Kurt Spokas Nils Borchard department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins 80523USA School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology9 Yingbin AvenueYancheng 224051China department of Applied ecology Geisenheim UniversityVon‑Lade‑Straße 165366 GeisenheimGermany Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Grassland and Fodder SciencesUniversity of RostockJustus‑von‑Liebig‑Weg 618059 RostockGermany department of Plant Biology and ecology University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)Apdo.64448080 BilbaoSpain department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management CEBAS-CSICCampus Universitario de Espinardo30100 MurciaSpain United States department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceCoastal Plains Research Center2611 West Lucas StreetFlorenceSC 29501USA United States department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceSoil and Water Management Research UnitUniversity of Minnesota439 Borlaug Hall1991 Buford CircleSt.PaulMN 29501USA Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Latokartanonkaari 900790 HelsinkiFinland

Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical ***,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely ***,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar *** approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points,herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties,total nutrient content,and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient *** on the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a minor role in biochar physico-(inorganic)chemical characteristics;few differences were evident between production *** temperature,however,affects biochar’s longevity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ generally leading to longer-term(i.e.,>1000 years)*** pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical ***,based on the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar *** surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based ***-and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient *** collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients(e.g.,N,P

关键词： Biochar Total elemental analysis Plant-available elemental analysis Physico-chemical characteristics·Meta-analysis

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Early dynamics in plant community trait responses to a novel, more extreme hydrological gradient

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Journal of Plant ecology 2019年第2期12卷 327-335页

作者： Andrea Oddershede Cyrille Violle Annette Baattrup-Pedersen Jens-Christian Svenning Christian Damgaard Section for Plant and Insect ecology Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityVejlsøvej 25DK-8600 SilkeborgDenmark Section for Ecoinformatics&Biodiversity Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114DK-8000 Aarhus CDenmark CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS-Universitéde Montpellier-UniversitéPaul-Valéry MontpellierEPHE-1919 route de MendeF-34293 MontpellierCEDEX 5France Section for Stream and Wetland ecology Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityVejlsøvej 25DK-8600 SilkeborgDenmark

Aims For temperate regions such as Northern Europe,predicted climate change patterns include an increase in winter precipitation causing increased risk of flooding,whereas periods of droughts will become more frequent in *** aim of this study is to explore vari-ations in plant functional trait distributions along a hydrological gradient spanning from recurrent drought events to recurrent flood-ing-mimicking future precipitation *** The experiment was conducted in a controlled grassland experi-ment over a period of 3 years.A novel and more extreme hydro-logical regime was achieved by manipulating the flow of a nearby stream thereby creating a continuous hydrological gradient from flooding during winter to drought during *** commu-nity responses were recorded along this hydrological ***-weighted trait distribution changes along the gradient were described using null *** functional traits were con-sidered:seed mass,leaf dry matter content(LDMC),leaf area,leaf thickness,specific leaf area(SLA)and *** findings Over time,responses in plant functional traits changed at the community *** the study period consistent changes occurred in the mean trait value of several *** in relatively dry plots became dominated by species with water-conserving life strategies,represented by high seed mass and thick *** contrast,disturbance-resistant species(high leaf dry matter content)became dominant in flooded plots,indicating that persistence to flooding was the most important factor control-ling the functional structure in those ***,a high abundance of small-seeded species in flooded plots likely indicates higher frequency of species with higher dispersal ability through *** conclusion,plant traits are useful for predicting responses to climate change,but abrupt and extreme climate event may cause unexpected responses because they have no analog to previously more sta

关键词： functional diversity trait-environment relationship hydrology extreme events flooding

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Overview of recent land cover changes,forest harvest areas,and soil erosion trends in Nordic countries

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Geography and Sustainability 2021年第3期2卷 163-174页

作者： Na Zhou Xiangping Hu Ingvild Byskov Jan Sandstad Næss Qiaosheng Wu Wenwu Zhao Francesco Cherubini School of Economics and Management China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Industrial ecology Program Department of Energy and Process EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491TrondheimNorway State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Mapping spatiotemporal land cover changes offers opportunities to better understand trends and drivers of envi-ronmental change and helps to identify more sustainable land management *** study investigates the spatiotemporal patterns of changes in land covers,forest harvest areas and soil erosion rates in Nordic countries,namely Norway,Sweden,Finland,and *** region is highly sensitive to environmental changes,as it is experiencing high levels of human pressure and among the highest rates of global *** analysis that uses consistent land cover dataset to quantify and compares the recent spatiotemporal changes in land cover in the Nordic countries is *** recent products issued by the European Space Agency and the Copernicus Climate Change Service framework provide the possibility to investigate the historical land cover changes from 1992 to 2018 at 300 m *** maps are then integrated with time series of forest harvest areas be-tween 2004 and 2018 to study if and how forest management is represented in land cover products,and with soil erosion data to explore status and recent trends in agricultural *** cover changes typically involved from 4%to 9%of the total area in each *** showed the strongest reduction(11,003 km^(2),−11%of the wetland area in 1992),followed by forest(8,607 km^(2),−1%)and sparse vegetation(5,695 km^(2),−7%),while agriculture(15,884 km^(2),16%)and settlement(3,582 km^(2),84%)showed net *** shrinkage dominated land cover changes in Norway(5,870 km^(2),−18%),followed by forest and grassland with a net gain of 3,441 km^(2)(3%)and 3,435 km^(2)(10%),*** Sweden,forest areas decreased 13,008 km^(2)(−4%),mainly due to agriculture expansion(9,211 km^(2),29%).In Finland,agricultural areas increased by 5,982 km^(2)(24%),and wetland decreased by 6,698 km^(2)(−22%).Settlement had the largest net growth in Denmark(717 km^(2),70%),mainly from conversion of agriculture land.S

关键词： Land cover changes Spatiotemporal analysis Forest management Soil erosion

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