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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 192-202页

作者： Birhan Asmame Miheretu Assefa Abegaz Yimer department of geography and environmental studies Wollo UniversityP.O.Box:1145DessieEthiopia department of geography and environmental studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:Soil erosion is the major environmental problem in *** response to this problem,the country has been in continuous struggle to adopt land management ***,the objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of farmers’adoption of land management practice in the Gelana sub-watershed,Northern highlands of ***:The data was collected from 176 randomly selected farming households using a survey questionnaire and was analyzed using multinomial logit model(MNL).Results:The results showed that education,family size,slope of the plot,tenure security,training,access to farm credit and extension service positively and significantly affect adoption of land management practices while age has a negative and significant influence on ***:The findings suggest that improving farmers’education status and increase the availability of credit to reduce poverty and increase income would enhance the adoption of land management practices.

关键词： Land management Adoption Multinomial logit model Ethiopia

Factors affecting farmers’participation in watershed management programs in the Northeastern highlands of Ethiopia:a case study in the Teleyayen sub-watershed

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 137-151页

作者： Alem-meta Assefa Agidew K.N.Singh department of geography and environmental studies Wollo UniversityP.O.Box 1145DessieEthiopia department of geography and environmental studies Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:This study investigated factors affecting farmers’participation in watershed management programs in the Northeastern highlands of Ethiopia by taking the Teleyayen sub-watershed as a case *** were collected from 215 farm households which were selected from the four villages using a multistage sampling procedure,involving a combination of purposive and random *** were gathered using a structured survey questionnaire,focus group discussion,and key informant *** analysis,Pearson correlation analysis,and regression analysis were employed to analyze the ***:Findings of this study showed that farmer’s perception has a strong positive correlation(r=0.612,P=0.000)with the farmer’s decision to participate in the watershed management programs followed by government support(r=0.163,P=0.017),while the slope of the farmland and the gender of the household head have shown significant and negative *** binary logistic regression analysis also revealed that six independent variables were significant in explaining the factors affecting the farmers’decision to participate in watershed management *** variables were land redistribution,gender,agricultural labor force,extension service,farm size,and *** these,land redistribution,gender,agricultural labor force,extension service,and slope of the farmland indicated a negative influence,while farm size of a household exerted a positive *** study also examined the role of discrete variables in explaining variations of variables in affecting the farmers’decision to participate in the ***,two variables found to be *** variables are the gender of the household head and land tenure ***,the chi-square result of the variable(χ^(2)=9.052)of gender was found to be statistically significant at the 95%level of ***,the chi-square result(X^(2)=8.792)of land tenure security was found to be statistically

关键词： Binary logistic regression model Ethiopia Farmers’participation Watershed management

Farmers' decision to adopt watershed management practices in Gibe basin, southwest Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第4期7卷 376-387页

作者： Fekadu Mengistu Engdawork Assefa Center for Environment and Development studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia department of geography and environmental studies Debre Berhan UniversityDebre BerhanEthiopia

Watershed management practices have been implemented to avert land degradation and to enhance people's livelihoods in the highlands of Ethiopia for several ***,the successes of these practices have been quite limited and the main factors affecting these practices have not been examined in *** study intended to investigate rates and intensities of adoption of watershed management practices and to determine the main factors affecting farmers' adoption decisions in the upper Gibe *** were collected from 304 household heads in six sub catchments across different topographic settings using household *** groups discussions,key informant interviews and transect walk observations were also *** statistics and econometric models such as,multivariate and ordered probit were used to analyze the *** results revealed that the majority of households (82.6 percent) used at least one of the six practices considered in this *** bund,grass strip cultivation with soil bund and compost were the major watershed management practices adopted by *** rate and intensity of adoption were better for program participants and in upper and middle topographic *** results of the multivariate and ordered probit analysis indicated that household size,extension services,credit services,training services and perception of soil erosion had positive significant relationship with both rate and intensity of adoption of most ***,policy makers and planners need to consider labor,knowledge and awareness,and capital intensive nature of the practices for the up scaling planning and implementations of watershed intervention technologies.

关键词： Watershed management practices Farmers' decision Adoption Determinants Gibe river basin

Soil and water conservation effects on soil properties in the Middle Silluh Valley,northern Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第3期5卷 231-240页

作者： Solomon Hishe James Lyimo Woldeamlak Bewket department of geography and environmental studies Mekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopia Institute of Resources Assessment University of Dar es SalaamTanzania department of geography and environmental studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Community-based Soil and Water Conservation(SWC)practices have been adopted in the Tigray region since 1991 for restoration of the degraded *** effects of those conservation measures on physico-chemical properties of soil were limitedly ***,this study evaluated the effects of SWC on selected soil properties in the Middle Silluh Valley,Tigray region,Northern *** study considered conserved landscapes(terraced hillside,terraced farmland and exclosure area)and non-conserved landscapes(non-terraced hillside,non-terraced farmland and open grazing land)for comparison using a one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).A total of 24 samples were collected from each landscape at a depth of 10–30 *** results indicated that mean bulk density(BD)was low on terraced hillside,non-terraced hillside and exclosure *** and clay content were significantly different at P<0.05 for the six landscape *** mean organic matter was observed in the conserved landscape,as compared with the corresponding non-conserved ***'s correlation between Soil Organic Matter(SOM)and clay content,SOM and Total Nitrogen(TN)showed strong positive ***,the results show that SWC had significantly positive effects on soil's physical and chemical properties in the study area.

关键词： Land degradation Soil and water conservation Soil properties Middle Silluh Valley Ethiopia

Effect of conservation structures on curbing rill erosion in micro-watersheds, northwest Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第3期7卷 239-247页

作者： Ermias Debie Kailash N.Singh Mehretie Belay department of geography and environmental studies Debre Markos UniversityP.O.Box 169Debre MarkosEthiopia department of geography and environmental studies addis ababa university P.O.Box1176Addis AbabaEthiopia department of geography and environmental studies Bahir-Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir-DarEthiopia

Accelerated soil erosion by water is a critical problem in Ethiopia,where population is rapidly growing and extensive farming systems are very common with no or less preventive *** study aimed to evaluate effects of conservation structures (terraces) in reducing the magnitude of rill erosion by using rill survey technique at cultivated field scales in relation to crop type and location in hill slope direction of the fields in the Beribere micro-watershed (catchment),northwest *** study assessed factors accelerating rill erosion in the *** erosion in the terraced fields was reduced by 53.5%as compared to the non-terraced control *** the terraced areas,terracing damage is the main contributing factor to soil loss due to *** the non-terraced fields,entering of high erosive runoff from uphill areas and damage of drainage ditches were observed as the principal accelerating factors for initiation and development of rill erosion,whereas these processes had insignificant effect on rill erosion in the terraced ***,rill erosion shows spatial differences in terms of crop covers and location in hill slope direction of the study ***,there should be adequate criteria for effective communication between farmers and extension staff to design site-specific erosion control practices for addressing the *** study verifies that rill surveying is a significant method to pragmatic assessment of the effectiveness of terracing practices in controlling soil erosion by water.

关键词： Rill erosion Conservation structures Rill surveying Micro-watersheds Ethiopian highlands

Determinants of farmers’perception to invest in soil and water conservation technologies in the North-Western Highlands of Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第1期5卷 56-61页

作者： Desalew Meseret Moges Aklilu Amsalu Taye department of Natural Resource Management Debre Tabor UniversityEthiopia department of geography&environmental studies Addis Ababa UniversityEthiopia

Soil erosion by water is a severe and continuous ecological problem in the north-western Highlands of *** perception of farmers to practice soil and water conservation(SWC)technologies is one of the major causes that have resulted accelerated soil ***,this paper examines the major determinants of farmers’perception to use and invest in SWC technologies in Ankasha District,north-western highlands of Ethiopia.A detailed field survey was carried out among 338 households,randomly selected from two rural sample kebeles(called villages here after).Descriptive statistics and logistic regression model were used to analyse the effects of multiple variables on farmers’*** results indicate that educational level of the respondents and their access to trainings were found to have a positive and very significant association(P<0.01)with farmers’***,land ownership,plot size,slope type,and extension contact positively and significantly influenced farmers’perception at 5%level of *** the other hand,the influence of respondents’age and plot distance from the homestead was found to be negative and significant(P<0.05).The overall results of this study indicate that the perception of farmers to invest in SWC technologies was highly determined by socioeconomic,institutional,attitudinal and biophysical ***,a better understanding of constrains that influence farmers'perception is very important while designing and implementing SWC *** contacts between farmers and extension agents and continues agricultural trainings are also needed to increase awareness of the impacts of SWC benefits.

关键词： Soil erosion Farmers’perception Soil and water conservation Logistic regression Ethiopia

Impacts of livelihood assets on livelihood security in drought-prone Gamo lowlands of southwest Ethiopia

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geography and Sustainability 2022年第1期3卷 58-67页

作者： Thomas Toma Tora Degefa Tolossa Degaga Abera Uncha Utallo department of geography and environmental studies Arba Minch UniversityArba Minch 21Ethiopia College of Development studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 150229Ethiopia

Livelihood assets are a matter of high concern for secured ***-prone Gamo lowland households have differential access to livelihood resources which indicates the varying capacity of resisting to *** main objective of this study is to explore the impacts of livelihood assets on livelihood security in the drought-prone Gamo *** sampling procedures were employed to select the study sites and sample *** data of households’capital assets and livelihood security status were produced from 285 survey households,agricultural experts,key informants,focus group discussants,and field observation through transect *** and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data,whereas discussions and annotations were employed for analyzing qualitative *** Sustainable Livelihoods Framework is used with modifications to schematize the study *** findings indicated that the study households possessed combinations of livelihood resources *** and natural capitals were found to be the most deficient and better-accessed capitals,*** study also showed that lowland residents’access to assets has significant indications of livelihood ***’poor access to assets such as financial,information,and social capital demands raised attention of the concerned stakeholders and policy debates in the drought-prone rural ***,it has been concluded that the more assets are accessed,the stronger the capacity of the households to resist shocks,and better the livelihood ***,enhancing people’s access to multiple livelihood assets is suggested to sustainably secure livelihoods.

关键词： Asset hexagon Gamo lowlands Livelihood security Sustainable livelihoods framework

Soil organic carbon stock in Abune Yosef afroalpine and sub-afroalpine vegetation,northern Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 56-64页

作者： Kflay Gebrehiwot Temesgen Desalegn Zerihun Woldu Sebsebe Demissew Ermias Teferi department of Plant Biology Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 3434Addis AbabaEthiopia department of Biology Samara UniversitySemeraAfarEthiopia Holetta Agricultural research Center HolettaEthiopia Center for environmental and Developmental studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:Soil is the major reservoir of organic *** is a paucity of soil organic carbon(SOC)stock data of afroalpine and sub-afroalpine vegetation in ***,this study was conducted to estimate the SOC stock and correlate it with soil physicochemical properties in Abune Yosef afroalpine and sub-afroalpine *** sampling was employed to collect soil samples from upper 30 *** bulk density soil pH(1:2.5 water);organic carbon(Walkley and Black),and total nitrogen(Kjeldahl)were the methods used for soil *** correlation and linear regression analysis were performed in SPSS 24 statistical ***:The SOC stock of the study area was found to be 79.57 t C ha−*** organic carbon stock showed statistically significant positive correlation with vegetation type(r=0.522,p<0.01),bulk density(r=0.62,p<0.01),total nitrogen(r=0.41,p<0.01),and altitude(r=0.468,p<0.01)and negative correlation with slope(r=−0.298,p<0.05).The present study revealed similar soil organic carbon stock(SOCS)with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)default estimate for similar *** correlation of SOCS and altitude could be resulted from the variations in anthropogenic disturbances,temperature,and precipitation vegetation *** negative correlation between SOCS and slope is the result from the predictably higher soil erosion at steeper *** livestock trampling increased the bulk density but never affected the SOCS to *** did not show any significant relationship with SOCS due to either the under surveying of all aspects or similar solar radiation found in the study ***,gazing,aspect,and soil pH did not show statistically significant impact on ***:The SOCS of Abune Yosef afroalpine and sub-afroalpine vegetation is similar to the IPCC default estimate for similar *** is a great contribution both to the global and local terrestrial carbon sink.

关键词： Abune Yosef Afroalpine and sub-afroalpine vegetation Altitude gradient Correlation Organic carbon stock Vegetation type

Factors influencing the adoption of physical soil and water conservation practices in the Ethiopian highlands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第1期6卷 23-30页

作者： Asnake Mekuriaw Andreas Heinimann Gete Zeleke Hans Hurni department of geography and environmental studies Addis Ababa UniversityPO Box 1739Bahir DarEthiopia Center for Development and Environment University of BernSwitzerland Water and Land Resource Center Addis AbabaEthiopia

Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) structures have been constructed on cultivated land for nearly 40 years to reduce soil loss and improve crop yields and people's livelihoods in the Ethiopian highlands. However, the success of this huge effort has been mixed, and the main constraints have not been investigated in detail. This study was undertaken to identify the factors determining the adoption of SWC structures in the Ethiopian Highlands. Case study areas were selected from high-potential and low-potential areas. Data were collected from 269 farmers using face-to-face interviews, and through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations. Binary logistic regression model and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The result showed that the majority (87%) of the farmers interviewed were using SWC structures. Regionally, nearly all farmers in the low-potential areas and 56% of farmers in the high-potential areas constructed and were maintaining the structures properly. This disparity is due to the fact that in the low-potential areas there have been strong governmental involvement and technical and financial support, and hence the farmers there have a better understanding of the multiple uses of physical SWC structures than do farmers in the high-potential areas. In addition, off-farm activities and free grazing plays a substantial role. We can conclude that clear understanding of the benefits of SWC structures by farmers, active involvement and technical support from the government, and genuine participation of farmers in SWC practices were found to be main factors in the adoption of SWC measures.

关键词： SWC structures Ethiopian highlands High-potential area Low-potential area Adoption

Characteristics of soil quality attributes under different agroecosystems and its implications for agriculture in the Choke Mountain watershed in Ethiopia

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 303-313页

作者： Demeku MESFIN Engdawork ASSEFA Belay SIMANE College of Development studies Center for Environment and DevelopmentAddis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia College of Social Science and Humanities Department of Geography and Environmental StudiesWolaita Sodo UniversityWolaita Sodo 4620Ethiopia

Awareness of how soil properties vary over agroecosystems(AES) is essential for understanding soil potentials and improving site-specific agricultural management strategies for a sustainable ecosystem. This study examined the characteristics of soil quality attributes and implications for agriculture in the Choke Mountain watershed in Ethiopia. Forty-seven composite soil samples(0–20 cm deep) were collected from lowland and valley fragmented(AES 1),midland plain with black soil(AES 2), midland plain with brown soil(AES 3),sloppy midland land(AES 4), and hilly and mountainous highlands(AES 5).Ten of 15 soil quality properties were significant(P < 0.05 or 0.01), including silt, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, percent base saturation,p H, organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorous(P) across the five AES. However, all properties were variable with coefficients of variation from 7%(total porosity) to 169%(available P) across the AES. Although AES 2and 3 are affected by waterlogging and acidity, these two have better prospects for agriculture, but AES 1, 4, and 5 are unsuitable for agriculture because of soil erosion. Therefore, appropriate and applicable soil management strategies, particularly lime application and organic fertilizer, are fundamental to reversing soil acidity and improving soil fertility.

关键词： Agroecosystem Choke Mountain watershed coefficients of variation Ethiopia soil quality indicator