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A new Late Miocene Hystrix(Hystricidae,Rodentia)from Turkey

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 548-563页

作者： Kazım HALAÇLAR Ayla SEVIM EROL Tolga KÖROG˘LU Paul RUMMY Tao DENG Serdar MAYDA Natural History Application and Research Centre Ege UniversityTurkey Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China department of anthropology Faculty of Languages and HistoryGeographyAnkara UniversityTurkey department of Biology Faculty of SciencesEge UniversityTurkey

TheÇorakyerler fossil locality in Anatolia reveals unique faunal elements.This study introduces Hystrix kayae sp.nov.,a new Late Miocene porcupine initially classified as Hystrix sp.Yavuz et al.,2018.This finding expands our knowledge of Late Miocene Anatolian porcupines,bringing the total number of known species to three.H.kayae sp.***.is larger than Hystrix aryanensis and exhibits greater upper cheek tooth crown height.Its cheek tooth morphology differs from Hystrix depereti,and it possesses distinctive U-shaped choanae unlike Hystrix primigenia.TheÇorakyerler locality may predate sites with H.aryanensis and H.primigenia but aligns temporally with Hystrix parvae localities.This study enhances our understanding of Late Miocene porcupine diversity in Anatolia,emphasizing the importance ofÇorakyerler in unraveling the evolutionary history of these fascinating mammals.

关键词： Çorakyerler Hystrix Late Miocene paleobiogeography Turkey

Association between people’s attitudes towards human-elephant conflict and their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics in Buxa Tiger Reserve and its adjoining area,India

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 11-25页

作者： Chiranjib NAD Tamal BASU-ROY department of geography Raiganj UniversityRaiganj733134India

“Human-elephant conflict(HEC)”,the alarming issue,in present day context has attracted the attention of environmentalists and policy makers.The rising conflict between human beings and wild elephants is common in Buxa Tiger Reserve(BTR)and its adjoining area in West Bengal State,India,making the area volatile.People’s attitudes towards elephant conservation activity are very crucial to get rid of HEC,because people’s proximity with wild elephants’habitat can trigger the occurrence of HEC.The aim of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation about the association of people’s attitudes towards HEC with their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics in BTR and its adjoining area by using Pearson’s bivariate chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis.BTR is one of the constituent parts of Eastern Doors Elephant Reserve(EDER).We interviewed 500 respondents to understand their perceptions to HEC and investigated their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics including location of village,gender,age,ethnicity,religion,caste,poverty level,education level,primary occupation,secondary occupation,household type,and source of firewood.The results indicate that respondents who are living in enclave forest villages(EFVs),peripheral forest villages(PFVs),corridor village(CVs),or forest and corridor villages(FCVs),mainly males,at the age of 18–48 years old,engaged with agriculture occupation,and living in kancha and mixed houses,have more likelihood to witness HEC.Besides,respondents who are illiterate or at primary education level are more likely to regard elephant as a main problematic animal around their villages and refuse to participate in elephant conservation activity.For the sake of a sustainable environment for both human beings and wildlife,people’s attitudes towards elephants must be friendly in a more prudent way,so that the two communities can live in harmony.

关键词： Human-elephant conflict Elephant conservation Chi-square test statistics Binary logistic regression Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics Buxa Tiger Reserve

Interdecadal variation of drought patterns and associated influencing factors in the north-south transitional zone of China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第7期34卷 1253-1279页

作者： DONG Qingdong ZHU Lianqi DUAN Zheng WANG Liyuan CHEN Chaonan LI Yanhong ZHU Wenbo GURUNG Sher Bahadur The College of geography and Environmental Science Henan University department of Physical geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Central department of geography Tribhuvan University

In the context of global warming, escalating water cycles have led to a surge in drought frequency and severity. Yet, multidecadal fluctuations in drought and their multifaceted influencing factors remain inadequately understood. This study examined the multidecadal changes in drought characteristics(frequency, duration, and severity) and their geographical focal points within China's north-south transitional zone, the Qinling-Daba Mountains(QDM), from 1960 to 2017 using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI). In addition, a suite of eight scenarios, correlation analysis, and wavelet coherence were used to identify the meteorological and circulation factors that influenced drought characteristics. The results indicate the following:(1) From 1960 to 2017, the QDM experienced significant interdecadal variations in drought frequency, duration, and severity, the climate was relatively humid before the 1990s, but drought intensified thereafter. Specifically,the 1990s marked the period of the longest drought duration and greatest severity, while the years spanning 2010 to 2017 experienced the highest frequency of drought events.(2) Spatially, the Qinling Mountains, particularly the western Qinling Mountain, exhibited higher drought frequency, duration, and severity than the Daba Mountains. This disparity can be attributed to higher rates of temperature increase and precipitation decrease in the western Qinling Mountain.(3) Interdecadal variations in droughts in the QDM were directly influenced by the synergistic effects of interdecadal fluctuations in air temperature and precipitation.Circulation factors modulate temperature and precipitation through phase transitions, thereby affecting drought dynamics in the QDM. The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation emerges as the primary circulation factors influencing temperature changes, with a mid-1990s shift to a positive phase favoring warming. The East Asian Summer Monsoon and El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation are the main circulation factors affecting preci

关键词： drought standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index multidecadal shift transitional zone Qinling-Daba Mountains

Factors determining changes in the network of marked hiking trails in the Sudetes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1075-1099页

作者： Krzysztof KOŁODZIEJCZYK department of Regional geography and Tourism Institute of Geography and Regional DevelopmentFaculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of WroclawNo.1Uniwersytecki Square50-137 WroclawPoland

Hiking trails are a basic type of tourist infrastructure,which,on the one hand,make areas available for tourist traffic,and on the other hand,can contribute to the protection of the natural environment(if they are well designed and maintained).Owing to the variety of performed functions,their designation is determined by several factors:natural,technical,economic,social.Networks of trails change constantly.The aim of this article is to determine exactly what factors influence transformations within the hiking trail networks and what is their significance.To this end,three study areas in the Sudetes were analysed:one on the Polish side of the Sudetes-the Table(Stołowe)Mountains,and two on the Czech side-the rock town near the village of Sloup vČechách and the central part of Zlatohorskávrchovina.An analysis of changes in the shape of the networks over time was carried out,as well as surveys of institutions that were responsible for or influenced these transformations.These areas are characterised by a significant level of changes in the trail network.Among the factors influencing these changes,the tourist attractiveness of the area,the resilience of the environment,the intensity of tourism traffic,the environmental transformations associated with it,the history of tourism development and land ownership changes should be considered the most important.At each stage of forming networks,the key factor should be tourists’needs,including the desire to escape the urbanised environment.For this reason,trails should avoid roads with artificial(hard)surfaces and heavy automobile traffic.

关键词： Hiking trails Trail networks Graphs Tourist traffic Sudetes

Elevational patterns of warming effects on plant community and topsoil properties: focus on subalpine meadows ecosystem

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 146-159页

作者： HAO Aihua LUO Zhengming CHEN Xiaojiang department of geography Xinzhou Normal UniversityXinzhou 034000China department of Biological Sciences Xinzhou Normal UniversityXinzhou 034000China

Climate warming profoundly affects plant biodiversity, community productivity, and soil properties in alpine and subalpine grassland ecosystems. However, these effects are poorly understood across elevational gradients in subalpine meadow ecosystems. To reveal the elevational patterns of warming effects on plant biodiversity, community structure, productivity, and soil properties, we conducted a warming experiment using open-top chambers from August 2019 to August 2022 at high(2764 m a. s. l.), medium(2631 m a. s. l.), and low(2544 m a. s. l.) elevational gradients on a subalpine meadow slope of Mount Wutai, Northern China. Our results showed that three years of warming significantly increased topsoil temperature but significantly decreased topsoil moisture at all elevations(P<0.05), and the percentage of increasing temperature and decreasing moisture both gradually raised with elevation lifting. Warming-induced decreasing proportions of soil organic carbon(SOC, by 19.24%), and total nitrogen(TN, by 24.56%) were the greatest at high elevational gradients. Experimental warming did not affect topsoil C: N, p H, NO_(3)^(-)-N, or NH_(4)^(+)-N at the three elevational gradients. Warming significantly increased species richness(P<0.01) and Shannon-Weiner index(P<0.05) at low elevational gradients but significantly decreased belowground biomass(P<0.05) at a depth of 0–10 cm at three elevational gradients. Warming caused significant increases in the aboveground biomass in the three elevational plots. Warming significantly increased the aboveground biomass of graminoids in medium(by 92.47%) and low(by 98.25%) elevational gradients, that of sedges in high(by 72.44%) and medium(by 57.16%) elevational plots, and that of forbs in high(by 75.88%), medium(by 34.38%), and low(by 74.95%) elevational plots. Species richness had significant linear correlations with SOC, TN, and C: N(P<0.05), but significant nonlinear responses to soil temperature and soil moisture in the warmed treatment(P<0.05). The warmed aboveground biomass had

关键词： Warming effect Plant diversity pattern Community structure change Elevation gradient Alpine meadow ecosystem Mount Wutai

Quantification of the concrete freeze–thaw environment across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau based on machine learning algorithms

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 322-334页

作者： QIN Yanhui MA Haoyuan ZHANG Lele YIN Jinshuai ZHENG Xionghui LI Shuo department of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China department of geography Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810008China

The reasonable quantification of the concrete freezing environment on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(QTP) is the primary issue in frost resistant concrete design, which is one of the challenges that the QTP engineering managers should take into account. In this paper, we propose a more realistic method to calculate the number of concrete freeze–thaw cycles(NFTCs) on the QTP. The calculated results show that the NFTCs increase as the altitude of the meteorological station increases with the average NFTCs being 208.7. Four machine learning methods, i.e., the random forest(RF) model, generalized boosting method(GBM), generalized linear model(GLM), and generalized additive model(GAM), are used to fit the NFTCs. The root mean square error(RMSE) values of the RF, GBM, GLM, and GAM are 32.3, 4.3, 247.9, and 161.3, respectively. The R^(2) values of the RF, GBM, GLM, and GAM are 0.93, 0.99, 0.48, and 0.66, respectively. The GBM method performs the best compared to the other three methods, which was shown by the results of RMSE and R^(2) values. The quantitative results from the GBM method indicate that the lowest, medium, and highest NFTC values are distributed in the northern, central, and southern parts of the QTP, respectively. The annual NFTCs in the QTP region are mainly concentrated at 160 and above, and the average NFTCs is 200 across the QTP. Our results can provide scientific guidance and a theoretical basis for the freezing resistance design of concrete in various projects on the QTP.

关键词： Freeze–thaw cycles Quantification Machine learning algorithms Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Concrete

Geomorphic signatures and active tectonics in western Saurashtra,Gujarat,India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第1期15卷 82-99页

作者： Bikramaditya Mondal Mery Biswas Soumyajit Mukherjee Mohamedharoon A.Shaikh department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076MaharashtraIndia department of geography Presidency UniversityKolkata 700073West BengalIndia

Active tectonics in an area includes ongoing or recent geologic events.This paper investigates the tectonic influence on the subsidence,uplift and tilt of western Saurashtra through morphotectonic analysis of ten watersheds along with characteristics of relief and drainage orientation.Watersheds 7-9 to the north(N)are tectonically active,which can be linked with the North Kathiawar Fault System(NKFS)and followed by watersheds 6,10,1,4 and 5.Stream-length gradient index and sinuosity index indicate the effect of tectonic events along the master streams in watersheds 6-9.Higher R^(2)values of the linear curve fit for watershed 7 indicate its master stream is much more tectonically active than the others.The R^(2)curve fitting model and earthquake magnitude/depth analysis confirm the region to be active.The reactivation of the NKFS most likely led to the vertical movement of western Saurashtra.

关键词： Active tectonics Geomorphology Western Saurashtra Archeology North kathiawar fault system

Using satellite-derived land surface temperatures to clarify the spatiotemporal warming trends of the Alborz Mountains in northern Iran

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 449-469页

作者： ROSHAN Gholamreza SARLI Reza GHANGHERMEH Abdolazim TAHERIZADEH Mehrnoosh NIKNAM Arman department of geography Golestan UniversityGorgan 49138-15759Iran department of Forest Resources Management Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowAL.29 Listopada 4631-425 KrakówPoland department of Geoinformatics Physical and Environmental GeographyUniversity of SzegedSzeged 6722Hungary

The Alborz Mountains are some of the highest in Iran,and they play an important role in controlling the climate of the country’s northern regions.The land surface temperature(LST)is an important variable that affects the ecosystem of this area.This study investigated the spatiotemporal changes and trends of the nighttime LST in the western region of the Central Alborz Mountains at elevations of 1500-4000 m above sea level.MODIS data were extracted for the period of 2000-2021,and the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test was applied to evaluating the changes in the LST.The results indicated a significant increasing trend for the monthly average LST in May-August along the southern aspect.Both the northern and southern aspects showed decreasing trends for the monthly average LST in October,November,and March and an increasing trend in other months.At all elevations,the average decadal change in the monthly average LST was more severe along the southern aspect(0.60°C)than along the northern aspect(0.37°C).The LST difference between the northern and southern aspects decreased in the cold months but increased in the hot months.At the same elevation,the difference in the lapse rate between the northern and southern aspects was greater in the hot months than in the cold months.With increasing elevation,the lapse rate between the northern and southern aspects disappeared.Climate change was concluded to greatly decrease the difference in LST at different elevations for April-July.

关键词： Global warming Mountainous areas Lapse rate Surface air temperatures Alborz

Assessment of sediment connectivity using modelling and field-based approaches in the Slavíč River catchment(MoravskoslezskéBeskydy Mts,Czech Republic)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 734-753页

作者： MACUROVÁ Tereza ŠKARPICH Václav department of Physical geography and Geoecology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaChittussiho 1071000 OstravaCzech Republic

Mountain streams act as conveyors of sediments within the river continuum,where the physical transport of sediments between river reaches through the catchment or between individual parts(e.g.,between hillslopes and channels)of the catchment is assumed.This study focused on sediment connectivity analysis in the SlavíčRiver catchment in the MoravskoslezskéBeskydy Mts in the eastern part of the Czech Republic.The connectivity index and connectivity index target modelling were combined with an analysis of anthropogenic interventions.Additionally,field mapping,grain size of bed sediments and stream power analysis were used to obtain information about connectivity in the catchment.Based on the analysis and obtained results,terrain topography is the current main driving factor affecting the connectivity of sediment movement in the SlavíčRiver catchment.However,the modelling provided valuable information about high sediment connectivity despite different recent land use conditions(highly forested area of the catchment)than those in historical times from the 16th to 19th centuries when the SlavíčRiver catchment was highly deforested and sediment connectivity was probably higher.The analysis of anthropogenic interventions,field mapping,grain size of bed sediments and stream power analysis revealed more deceleration of sediment movement through the catchment,decreased sediment connectivity with bed erosion,and gradual river channel process transformation in some reaches.Field mapping has identified various natural formations and human-induced changes impacting the longitudinal and lateral connectivity in the SlavíčRiver.For instance,embankments along 48%of the river's length,both on the right and left banks,significantly hinder lateral sediment supply to the channel.Stream power index analysis indicates increased energy levels in the flowing water in the river's upper reaches(up to 404.8 W m^(-2)).This high energy is also observed in certain downstream sections(up to 337.6 W m^(-2)),where it is influenced by human activiti

关键词： Mountain stream Connectivity analysis Modelling Grain size analysis SlavíčRiver MoravskoslezskéBeskydy Mts