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Factors Affecting Vulnerability of Ready-Made Garment Factory Buildings in Bangladesh: An Assessment Under Vertical and Earthquake Loads

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第2期9卷 207-223页

作者： Tanmay Das Uttama Barua Mehedi Ahmed Ansary department of Civil Engineering Pabna University of Science and Technology department of urban and regional planning Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)

The importance of workplace safety in the ready-made garment(RMG) industry in Bangladesh came to the forefront after a series of disastrous events in recent years. In order to reduce the loss of lives and to ensure sustainable development, an in-depth understanding of the determining factors governing structural vulnerability in the RMG industry is needed. This research explores the key factors influencing the vulnerability of factory buildings under both vertical and earthquake loads. For this purpose,an ordered probit model was applied to 3746 RMG factory buildings to determine the key factors that influenced their vertical load vulnerability. A smaller subset of the original sample, 478 buildings, was examined by the same modeling method in greater detail to assess the key factors that influenced their earthquake load vulnerability. This research reveals that column capacity, structural system,and construction materials are the most influential factors for both types of vulnerabilities. Among other factors, soil liquefaction and irregular internal frame affect earthquake load vulnerability significantly. These findings are expected to enable factory owners and designers to better weigh the appropriate vulnerability factors in order to make informed decision that increase workplace safety. Theresearch findings will also help the designated authorities to conduct successful inspections of factory buildings and take actions that reduce vulnerability to both vertical and earthquake loads.

关键词： Bangladesh Building vulnerability factors Earthquake load vulnerability Ordered probit model Ready-made garment industry Vertical load vulnerability

Why High-Speed Railway Stations Continue China's Leapfrog urbanization:Institutional Parameters of urban Development

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China City planning Review 2013年第1期22卷 49-59页

作者： Guowen DAI Willem Salet Jochem deVries Program group of urban planning Department of Human GeographyPlanning and International Development StudiesFaculty of Social ScienceUniversity of Amsterdam urban and regional planning Program leader of the Group of Urban PlanningDepartment of Human GeographyPlanning and International Development StudiesFaculty of Social ScienceUniversity of Amsterdam urban and regional planning Program group of Urban PlanningDepartment of Human GeographyPlanning and International Development StudiesFaculty of SocialScienceUniversity of Amsterdam

An ambitious program of High-Speed Railway (HSR) is under construction in China and already soon the network will overtake its counterparts in Europe. Reflecting on experiences in Europe, the authors explore the conditions for place making qualities of six new HSR station areas in China. The superb inter-city connectivity of the new infrastructure nodes raises a lot of expectations about the economic and social potential of the station areas, but the experiences in Europe thus far are very differentiated. With regards to the attraction of economic activities usually the existing differences between different economic regions are reproduced rather than shaping completely new conditions. Also the expectations of developing completely new integrated urban centers around stations in the urban periphery are rather ambitious. The paper questions the planning responses to HSR development in Chinese cities and investigates the institutional conditions that frame these responses. The authors explore how the plans for Chinese HSR station development account for their objectives and reflect on the potential of the station area planning by investigating the institutional parameters of urban development.

关键词： High-Speed Railway (HSR) urban mega project institutional parameters spatial re-configuration urbanization in China

The Role of Knowledge in Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 107-116页

作者： Juergen Weichselgartner Patrick Pigeon department of Architecture and urban Studies Politecnico di Milano department of geography Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich department of geography Savoie-Mont-Blanc University

Disaster risk reduction policy and practice require knowledge for informed decision making and coordinated action. Although the knowledge production and implementation processes are critical for disaster risk reduction, these issues are seldom systematically addressed in-depth in disaster studies and policy programs. While efforts and improvements have been made with regard to data and information, only limited resources are committed to improving knowledge management structures and integrating knowledge systems at different spatial levels. The recently adopted Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 addresses knowledge-related issues and provides the opportunity to highlight the critical role of knowledge in disaster risk reduction. This article presents insights into potential conceptualizations of knowledge that would advance disaster research and policy. We use cases from France to illustrate challenges of and pathways to disaster risk reduction. We suggest to further strengthen efforts that improve our understanding of the connections between disaster risk, knowledge, and learning. A better integration of multiple scales, different societal actors,various knowledge sources, and diverse disciplines into disaster risk research will increase its relevance for decision-makers in policy and practice. Well-targeted incentives and political backing will improve the coherence,coordination, and sharing of knowledge among various actors and arenas.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction France Information management Knowledge systems Natural hazards Risk prevention

Impacts of Drought and Human Activity on Vegetation Growth in the Grain for Green Program Region,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第3期28卷 470-481页

作者： WANG Hao LIU Guohua LI Zongshan YE Xin FU Bojie LV Yihe department of geography School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal University State Key Laboratory of urban and regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Environmental Protection

The Chinese government adopted six ecological restoration programs to improve its natural environments. Although these programs have proven successful in improving local environments, some studies have questioned their performance when regions suffer from drought. Whether we should consider the effects of drought on vegetation change in assessments of the benefits of ecological restoration programs is unclear. Therefore, taking the Grain for Green Program(GGP) region as a study area, we estimated vegetation growth in the region from 2000–2010 to clarify the trends in vegetation and their driving forces. Results showed that: 1) vegetation growth increased in the GGP region during 2000–2010, with 59.4% of the area showing an increase in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI). This confirmed the benefits of the ecological restoration program. 2) Drought can affect the vegetation change trend, but human activity plays a significant role in altering vegetation growth, and the slight downward trend in the NDVI was not consistent with the severity of the drought. Positive human activity led to increased NDVI in 89.13% of areas. Of these, 22.52% suffered drought, but positive human activity offset the damage in part. 3) Results of this research suggest that appropriate human activity can maximize the benefits of ecological restoration programs and minimize the effects of extreme weather. We therefore recommend incorporating eco-risk assessment and scientific management mechanisms in the design and management of ecosystem restoration programs.

关键词： Grain for Green Program Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) climate fluctuation human activity China

Ordinary urban Heritage of Rattanakosin: Ordinary restaurants and everyday foods of the historic center of Bangkok

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第2期13卷 335-348页

作者： Prin Jhearmaneechotechai Design for Creative Economy Research Unit Department of Urban and Regional PlanningFaculty of ArchitectureChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand

This paper discussed the selection criteria for Ordinary urban Heritage (OUH) in Rattanakosin, the historic center of Bangkok through the case of ordinary restaurants and everyday foods. The OUH stands for an alternative approach to heritage understanding and conservation, derived from the notion of ordinary heritage, vernacular heritage, and urban heritage emphasizing the heritages of the everydayness of ordinary people. The OUHs have co-existed and inherited through the evolution of the city but are overlooked by the official conservation process. Ordinary restaurants and everyday foods were selected by 5 criteria, 1) appeared for more than 50 years;2) created, developed, and used by ordinary people;3) found as the clusters;4) able to be adapted to the urban context;5) exist until the present *** methodology applied to the analysis of the historical documents and Bangkok maps from 1887 to 1974, and the selection criteria developed from past research in another old commercial district of Bangkok were also reinvestigated with observational surveys. Ordinary restaurants and everyday foods are the outcomes representing the heritage of everyday life of ordinary people that are ubiquitously related to commercial activities.

关键词： Ordinary restaurants Everyday foods Rattanakosin Selection criteria Ordinary urban Heritage

Factors determining changes in the network of marked hiking trails in the Sudetes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1075-1099页

作者： Krzysztof KOŁODZIEJCZYK department of regional geography and Tourism Institute of Geography and Regional DevelopmentFaculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of WroclawNo.1Uniwersytecki Square50-137 WroclawPoland

Hiking trails are a basic type of tourist infrastructure,which,on the one hand,make areas available for tourist traffic,and on the other hand,can contribute to the protection of the natural environment(if they are well designed and maintained).Owing to the variety of performed functions,their designation is determined by several factors:natural,technical,economic,*** of trails change *** aim of this article is to determine exactly what factors influence transformations within the hiking trail networks and what is their *** this end,three study areas in the Sudetes were analysed:one on the Polish side of the Sudetes-the Table(Stołowe)Mountains,and two on the Czech side-the rock town near the village of Sloup vČechách and the central part of Zlatohorská*** analysis of changes in the shape of the networks over time was carried out,as well as surveys of institutions that were responsible for or influenced these *** areas are characterised by a significant level of changes in the trail *** the factors influencing these changes,the tourist attractiveness of the area,the resilience of the environment,the intensity of tourism traffic,the environmental transformations associated with it,the history of tourism development and land ownership changes should be considered the most *** each stage of forming networks,the key factor should be tourists’needs,including the desire to escape the urbanised *** this reason,trails should avoid roads with artificial(hard)surfaces and heavy automobile traffic.

关键词： Hiking trails Trail networks Graphs Tourist traffic Sudetes

Evaluation of City Prosperity Index in Iranian-Islamic Cities: A Case Study of Ahvaz Metropolis

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Chinese Journal of urban and Environmental Studies 2017年第4期5卷 41-61页

作者： Masoud SAFAEE POUR Said MALEKI Hoseen HATAMINEJAD Masoud MODANLOU department of geography and urban planning Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz department of geography and urban planning University of Tehran

The rapid growth and development of Ahwaz city has many problems, such as the formation of marginal areas without a waste-water treatment system, the existence of industrial, agricultural and domestic waste water sources around Karun and the presence of undesirable dust *** attention to the development of Ahvaz city is an inevitable necessity. Accordingly, this study aims to measure, analyze and prioritize the urban areas of Ahvaz in terms of prosperity components, including productivity, development infrastructure, quality of life, equality and social inclusion, environmental sustainability and urban governance, which are very important for the realization of urban development. The data required in this research are collected from organizations and statistics of 2015. The weight of the criteria and the incompatibility ratio are calculated by the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP). In this research, ELECTRE I method is used to prioritize options. After calculating the standardized matrix, the matrix of compatibility and incompatibility, the difference between the values of mastery and failure was calculated. ArcGis 10.4 software is used to draw the map.

关键词： Productivity infrastructure development priority multiple criteria decision-making

Comprehensiveness and Locality: Website Marketing of World City Governments in the Era of Globalisation

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第1期29卷 86-99页

作者： XUE Desheng LIU Huaikuan GUO Wenjiong LIU Ye School of geography and planning Sun Yat-sen University Collaboration and Innovation Center of Coordinating urban and Rural in Shanxi Province Taiyuan Normal University

In the era of the Internet and globalisation, more and more international academics focus their attention on how city governments compete for talent, capital, and technology through website marketing to promote their economy and global status. However, 1) present research generally overlooks the importance of different types of elements in different marketing themes, 2) the combinations of marketing themes are still unknown, and 3) the presumption that the emphasised elements and specific combination of marketing themes on official websites differentiates cities requires more cases to be understood. In light of this background, this study collects homepage elements of 49 Alpha world cities' official websites and quantitatively analyses the frequency of different types of elements, the marketing content themes, and the dissimilarity of content of Chinese Alpha world cities. The results indicate that comprehensiveness and locality appear in the process of city marketing throughout official city websites. Overall, we make the following conclusions. 1) The importance of different kinds of elements significantly differs between 49 Alpha world cities. 2) Based on various combinations of elements, the marketing contents of Alpha world cities through official websites can be categorised into six themes of history and culture, government and information, construction and environment, government and living, construction and living, and general compound. 3) The marketing elements of five Chinese Alpha world cities, including Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Taipei and Guangzhou, are different than the other 44 Alpha world cities, and Chinese cities prefer to advertise their history and culture but rarely market citizens' activities. Moreover, Chinese cities' marketing mostly targets natives while the other 44 Alpha cities target external groups, and the locality of world cities' website marketing is reinforced especially on a native language edition website. This study ultimately

关键词： website marketing globalisation marketing content comprehensiveness locality

Care and social support from family and community in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistan

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2019年第4期7卷 24-32页

作者： Shahab E Saqib Mokbul Morshed Ahmad Sanaullah Panezai department of regional and Rural Development planning Asian Institute of TechnologyBangkokThailand department of geography University of BalochistanQuettaPakistan

Objectives This study aimed to validate the Medical Outcome Study-Social Support Survey(MOS-SSS)instrument in Pakistan and to quantify the nature of care and social support currently extended to patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)in *** This is a cross-sectional study design conducted within a period of 3 months from 1 November 2016 to 31 January *** A total of 269 patients,registered at 11 TB centres and private clinics,were interviewed through an interviewer-administered *** outcome measures Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the internal consistency and reliability of the MOS-SSS survey *** and multivariable logistic regressions have been used to explore the association between care and social support,and socioeconomic *** This study validated the use of the MOS-SSS among patients with TB in *** of the study revealed significant differences among the socioeconomic groups of patients in each subscale of social ***,results of logistic regressions showed that patients who were older(adjusted OR=6.17,95%CI 1.55 to 24.59,p≤0.01),male(adjusted OR=2.73,95%CI 1.49 to 4.98,p≤0.01),widow(adjusted OR=0.17,95%CI 0.04 to 0.80,p≤0.05),and had a larger household size(adjusted OR=5.69,95%CI 1.32 to 24.65,p≤0.05),higher monthly income(adjusted OR=2.00,95%CI 1.11 to 3.60,p≤0.05)and house ownership(adjusted OR=1.99,95%CI 1.10 to 3.60,p≤0.05)were significant factors associated with the extent of care and social support that the participants *** To cure TB,this study suggests a coordinated approach that includes not only clinical services to address this issue but also a strong social support system based on family and community necessary throughout the treatment process.

关键词： patients tuberculosis instrument