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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 22-32页

作者： Mariah Kemmerer Bryony C.Bonning department of entomology Iowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA department of entomology and Nematology University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA

The Junonia coenia densovirus rapidly traverses the gut epithelium of the host lepidopteran without replicating in the gut *** ability of this virus to transcytose across the gut epithelium is of interest for the potential use of virus structural proteins as delivery vehicles for insecticidal peptides that act within the insect hemocoel,rather than in the *** this study,we used fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda to examine the binding of the virus to brush border membrane vesicle proteins by two-dimensional ligand blot *** also assessed the rate of flux of the primary viral structural protein,VP4 fused to eGFP with a proline-rich linker(VP4-P-eGFP)through the gut epithelium ex vivo in an Ussing *** mechanisms involved with transcytosis of VP4-P-eGFP were assessed by use of *** serum albumin(BSA)and eGFP were used as positive and negative control proteins,*** contrast to BSA,which binds to multiple proteins on the brush border membrane,VP4-P-eGFP binding was specific to a protein of high molecular *** flux was significantly higher for VP4-P-eGFP after 2 h than for albumin or eGFP,with rapid transcytosis of VP4-P-eGFP within the first 30 *** contrast to BSA which transcytosed following clathrin-mediated endocytosis,the movement of VP4-P-eGFP was vesicle-mediated but *** specificity of binding combined with the efficiency of transport across the gut epithelium suggest that VP4 will provide a useful carrier for insecticidal peptides active within the hemocoel of key lepidopteran pests including ***.

关键词： BSA gut epithelium JcDNV Lepidoptera transcytosis virus

Ultra-highly diluted plant extracts of Hydrastis canadensis and Marsdenia condurango induce epigenetic modifications and alter gene expression profiles in HeLa cells in vitro

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第6期13卷 400-411页

作者： Santu Kumar Saha Sourav Roy Anisur Rahman Khud a-Bukhsh Cytogenetics and molecular Biology Laboratory Department of ZoologyUniversity of Kalyani department of entomology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology University of California Riverside

OBJECTIVE： Methylation-specific epigenetic process and gene expression profiles of HeLa cells treated with ultra-high dilutions （HDs） of two plant extracts, Hydrastis canadensis （HC-30） and Marsdenia condurango （Condu-30）, diluted 106o times, were analyzed against placebo 30C （PI-30） for alterations in gene profiles linked to epigenetic modifications. METHODS： Separate groups of cells were subjected to treatment of Condu-30, HC-30, and PI- 30 prepared by serial dilutions and succussions. Global microarray data recorded on Affymetrix platform, using 25-mer probes were provided by iLifeDiscoveries, India. Slides were scanned with 3000 7G microarray scanner and raw data sets were extracted from Cel （raw intensity） files. Analyses of global microarray data profile, differential gene expression, fold change and clusters were made using GeneSpring GX12.5 software and standard normalization procedure. Before microarray study, concentration of RNA （ng/IJL）, RIN value and rRNA ratio for all the samples were analysed by Agilant Bioanalyzer 2100. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and quantitative RT- PCR were done for analyzing SMAD-4 expression. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting study was further made to elucidate fate of cells at divisional stages. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay was conducted for ascertaining methylation status of DNA at specific sites. RESULTS： HDs of HC-30 and Condu-30 differentially altered methylation in specific regions of DNA and expression profiles of certain genes linked to carcinogenesis, as compared to PI-30. Two separate cut sites were found in genomic DNA of untreated and placebo-treated HeLa cells when digested with McrBC, compared to a single cut observed in Condu-30-treated genomic DNA. SMAD-4 gene expression validated the expression pattern observed in microarray profile. Methylation-specific restriction enzyme assay elucidated differential epigenetic modifications in drug-treated and control cells. CON

关键词： plant extracts homeopathy reactive oxygen species apoptosis gene expression epigenesis,genetic Smad4 protein

Establishing the role of detoxifying enzymes in field-evolved resistance to various insecticides in the brown planthopper （Nilaparvata lugens） in South India

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 35-46页

作者： Vijayakumar Maheshwari Malathi Sushil K. Jalali Dandinashivara K. Sidde Gowda Muthugounder Mohan Thiruvengadam Venkatesan Division of molecular entomology ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources Bengaluru 560 024 Karnataka India department of entomology College of Agriculture University of Agricultural Sciences-Bengaluru V.C. Farm Mandya 571 478 Karnataka India

The brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens （Stal）, is one of the major pests of rice throughout Asia. Extensive use of insecticides for suppressing N. lugens has resulted in the development of insecticide resistance leading to frequent control failures in the field. The aim of the present study was to evaluate resistance in the field populations of N. lugens from major rice growing states of South India to various insecticides. We also determined the activity of detoxifying enzymes （esterases [ESTs], glutathione S- transferases [GSTs], and mixed-fimction oxidases [MFOs]）. Moderate levels of resistance were detected in the field populations to acephate, thiamethoxam and buprofezin （resistance factors 1.05-20.92 fold, 4.52-14.99 fold, and 1.00-18.09 fold, respectively） as compared with susceptible strain while there were low levels of resistance to imidacloprid （resistance factor 1.23-6.70 fold） and complete sensitivity to etofenoprox （resistance factor 1.05- 1.66 fold）. EST activities in the field populations were 1.06 to 3.09 times higher than the susceptible strain while for GST and MFO the ratios varied from 1.29 to 3.41 and 1.03 to 1.76, respectively. The EST activity was found to be correlated to acephate resistance （r = 0.999, P ≥ 0.001）. The high selection pressure of organophosphate, neonicotinoid, and insect growth regulator （IGR） in the field is likely to be contributing for resistance in BPH to multiple insecticides, leading to control failures. The results obtained will be beneficial to IPM recommendations for the use of effective insecticides against BPH.

关键词： esterases glutathione S-transferases insecticide resistance mixed function oxidases Nilaparvata lugens toxicological bioassay

Co-infection of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma in spider mite Tetranychus truncatus increases male fitness

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Insect Science 2020年第5期27卷 921-937页

作者： Kang Xie Yi-Jia Lu Kun Yang Shi-Mei Huo Xiao-Yue Hong department of entomology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina

Wolbachia and Spiroplasma are intracellular bacteria that are of great interest to entomologists,because of their ability to alter insect host biology in multiple *** the spider mite Tetranychus truncatus,co-infection of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma can induce cytoplasmic incompatibility(CI)and fitness costs;however,lttle is known about the effect of co-infection at the genetic level and the molecular mechanisms underlying *** this study,we explored the influence of the two symbionts on male mite host fitness and used RNA sequencing to generate the transcriptomes of T truncatus with four different types of *** total,we found symbiont-infected lines had a higher hatch proportion than the uninfected line,and the development time of the uninfected line was longer than that of the other ***-infection changed the expression of many genes related to digestion detoxification,reproduction,immunity and oxidation *** results indicate that co-infection of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma confers multiple effects on their hosts,and helps iluminate the complex interactions between endosymbionts and arthropods.

关键词： co-infection development time Spiroplasma Tetranychus truncatus tran-scriptome Wolbachia

Various infection status and molecular evidence for horizontal transmission and recombination of Wolbachia and Cardinium among rice planthoppers and related species

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 329-344页

作者： Kai-Jun Zhang Xiao Han Xiao-Yue Hong department of entomology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China

Wolbachia and Cardinium are widely distributed and are considered important for their ability to disturb reproduction and affect other fitness-related traits of their hosts. By using multilocus sequence typing （MLST）, RFLP （restriction fragment length poly- morphism） and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing methods, we extensively surveyed Wolbachia and Cardinium infection status of four predominant rice planthoppers and one kind of leafhopper in different rice fields. The results demonstrated that Sogatellafurcifera （Horv^ith） and Laodelphax striatellus （Fallrn） were infected with the same Wolbachia strain （wStri）, while Nilaparvata lugens （St^l） and its closely related species Nilaparvata muiri China were infected with two phylogeneticlly distant strains, wLug and wMui, respectively. Three new Wolbachia strains （provisionally named wMfasl, wMfas2 and wMfas3） were detected in the leafhopper Macrostelesfascifrons （Stal）. Only S. furcifera was co-infected with Cardinium, which indicated that the distribution of Cardinium in these rice planthop- pers was narrower than that of Wolbachia. Unambiguous intragenic recombination events among these Wolbachia strains and incongruent phylogenetic relationships show that the connections between different Wolbachia strains and hosts were more complex than we expected. These results suggest that horizontal transmission and host associated special- ization are two factors affecting Wolbachia and Cardinium infections among planthoppers and their related species.

关键词： Cardinium infection status intragenic recombination rice planthopper,Wolbachia

Effects and mechanisms of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxins for mosquito larvae

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 714-729页

作者： Qi Zhang Gang Hua Michael J. Adang College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang China department of entomology University of GeorgiaAthens GA USA department of Biochemistry & molecular Biology University of Georgia Athens GA USA

Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium that produces insecticidal crystalline inclusions during sporulation phases of the mother cell. The vir- ulence factor, known as parasporal crystals, is composed of Cry and Cyt toxins. Most Cry toxins display a common 3-domain topology. Cry toxins exert intoxication through toxin activation, receptor binding and pore formation in a suitable larval gut environment. The mosquitocidal toxins of Bt subsp, israelensis （Bti） were found to be highly active against mosquito larvae and are widely used for vector control. Bt subsp, jegathesan is another strain which possesses high potency against broad range of mosquito larvae. The present review summarizes characterized receptors for Cry toxins in mosquito larvae, and will also discuss the diversity and effects of 3-D mosquitocidal Cry toxin and the ongo- ing research for Cry toxin mechanisms generated from investigations of lepidopteran and dipteran larvae.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins mode of action mosquito receptors

Ecdysis triggering hormone peptide in the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae:The peptide structure for receptor activation

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1309-1317页

作者： Hawa Dembele Moritz Mating Rupinder Singh Soheila Fatehi Alvaro I.Herrera Yoonseong Park Om Prakash department of Biochemistry and molecular Biophysics Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansas66506 department of entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansas66506 department of Chemistry&Biochemistry Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA

Infections by mosquito-borne diseases represent one of the leading causes of death in third world *** rapid progression of resistance to conventional insecticide causes a significant threat to the highly efficient preventive methods currently in *** neuropeptidergic system offers potential targets to control the insect *** essential roles of the neuropeptide ecdysis triggering hormone(ETH)in insect development and reproduction led us to attempt understanding of the fundamentals of the biochemical interaction between ETH and its receptor in the African malaria mosquito Anopheles *** of two ETH peptides of the African malaria mosquito(AgETH1),a small peptide hormone with 17 amino acid residues(SESPGFFIKLSKSVPRI-NH2),was studied to elucidate its molecular structure.N-termini deletions and mutations of conserved amino acids in the ligand revealed the critical residues for the receptor *** solution structure of AgETH1 using 2D 1H-1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy and nuclear overhauser effect(NOE)derived constraints revealed a short alpha helix between residues 3S and *** NMR solution structure of AgETH1 will be of significant assistance for designing a new class of insecticidal compounds that acts on the AgETH receptor aiming for in silico docking studies.

关键词： Anopheles gambiae ecdysis triggering hormone G protein-coupled receptor insect malaria neuropeptide NMR spectroscopy

High throughput sequencing reveals Drosophila suzukiiresponses to insecticides

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 928-945页

作者： Ruchir Mishra Joanna C.Chiu Gang Hua Nilesh R.Tawari Michael J.Adang Ashfaq A.Sial department of entomology College of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA. department of entomology and Nematology College of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCall-fomiaUSA. department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA . Computational and Systems Biology Genome Institute of SingaporeSingapore.

Global climate change and acquired resistance to insecticides are threats to world food *** suzukii,a devastating invasive pest in many parts of the world,causes substantial economic losses to fruit production industries,forcing farmers to apply broad-spectrum insecticides frequently,This could lead to the development of insecticide *** determined the Lethal Concentration 50 (median lethal concen- tration,LC50)values of zeta-cypermethrin,spinosad,and malathion insecticides against *** colonies established from Clarke and Pierce county Georgia,United States. The LC50 values were 3 fold higher in the Pierce county population for all insecticide *** then used RNA sequencing to analyze the responses of Pierce and Clarke population flies surviving a LC50 treatment of the 3 *** identified a high num- ber of differentially expressed genes that are likely involved in detoxification and reduced cuticular penetration,especially in the Pierce population,with extensive overlap in differ- entially expressed genes between the 3 insecticide ***,we predicted fewer nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants having deleterious effects on protein function among detoxification,insecticide target,and cuticular protein encoding genes in Pierce *** a combination of increased gene expression and fewer deleterious single nu- cleotide variants highlights molecular mechanisms underlying the higher LC50 values for Pierce population flies.

关键词： differentially expressed genes Drosophila suzukii high throughput sequenc- ing insecticide response insertions and deletions single nucleotide variants

The presence of six cryptic species of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex in China as revealed by crossing experiments

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Insect Science 2011年第1期18卷 67-77页

作者： Peng Wang Di-Bing Sun Bao-Li Qiu Shu-Sheng Liu Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou department of entomology South China Agricultural University Guangzhou China

Recent phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I （mtCOI） sequences ofBemisia tabaci worldwide indicates that the whitefly comprises at least 24 morphologically indistinguishable but genetically distinct cryptic species. While evidence of reproductive isolation has been reported for some of the putative species, more extensive crossing experiments are required to clarify the systematics of this species com- plex. In this study, we established laboratory cultures for six putative species ofB. tabaci collected in China. We conducted 22 inter-species crosses among the six putative species. The data and those reported previously were collated, and the combined dataset covered all the 30 possible inter-species crosses among the six putative species. Intra-species controls always produced female and male progeny and the proportions of females in the first gen- eration （F1） ranged from 56% to 70%. However, in inter-species crosses female progeny were rarely produced, and the few F1 females produced in four of the 30 inter-species crosses were either sterile or significantly weaker in viability. These results demonstrate a pattern of complete reproductive isolation among the six putative species and show that they are six cryptic species in the B. tabaci complex.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biological invasion genetic diversity reproductive incompatibility systematics

Baculovirus Host-Range

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第5期24卷 436-457页

作者： Suzanne M. Thien Xiao-Wen Cheng department of entomology and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA department of Microbiology Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA

Baculoviruses are used as microbial insecticides, protein expression vectors, epitope display platforms, and most recently as vectors for gene therapy. Understanding the mechanisms that control baculovirus host-range and tissue tropisms are important for assessing their safety and for improving their properties for these biotechnology applications. In the past two decades some progress has been made and several baculovirus genes that influence host-range have been identified. Despite this progress, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that restrict baculovirus host-range is still limited. Here we review what is currently known about baculovirus genes that influence virus host-range.

关键词： Apoptosis Translation arrest p35 hrf-1 p143