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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第8期33卷 593-602页

作者： Ahmad Yahyazadeh Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak department of Histology and embryology Faculty of MedicineKarabuk UniversityKarabukTurkey department of Histology and embryology Faculty of MedicineOkan UniversityIstanbulTurkey

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field(EMF)on the cervical spinal cord(CSC)of rats and the possible protective effect of luteolin(LUT)against CSC tissue damage.Methods Quantitative data were obtained via stereological,biochemical,immunohistochemical,and histopathological techniques.We investigated morphometric value,superoxide dismutase(SOD)level,and the expression of high-mobility group box 1 protein molecules,as well as histological changes.Results The total number of motor neurons in the EMF group significantly decreased in comparison with that in the control group(P<0.05).In the EMF+LUT group,we found a significant increase in the total number of motor neurons compared with that in the EMF group(P<0.05).SOD enzyme activity in the EMF group significantly increased in comparison with that in the control group(P<0.05).By contrast,the EMF+LUT group exhibited a decrease in SOD level compared with the EMF group(P<0.05).Conclusion Our results suggested that exposure to EMF could be deleterious to CSC tissues.Furthermore,the protective efficacy of LUT against SC damage might have resulted from the alleviation of oxidative stress caused by EMF.

关键词： Electromagnetic field Luteolin Motor neuron Oxidative stress Rat Spinal cord

Downregulation of EphB2 by RNA interference attenuates glial/fibrotic scar formation and promotes axon growth

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 362-369页

作者： Jian Wu Zhen-Yu Zhu Zhi-Wei Fan Ying Chen Ri-Yun Yang Yi Li department of Histology and embryology Medical CollegeNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

The rapid formation of a glial/fibrotic scar is one of the main factors hampering axon growth after spinal cord injury. The bidirectional Eph B2/ephrin-B2 signaling of the fibroblast-astrocyte contact-dependent interaction is a trigger for glial/fibrotic scar formation. In the present study, a new in vitro model was produced by coculture of fibroblasts and astrocytes wounded by scratching to mimic glial/fibrotic scar-like structures using an improved slide system. After treatment with RNAi to downregulate Eph B2, changes in glial/fibrotic scar formation and the growth of VSC4.1 motoneuron axons were examined. Following RNAi treatment, fibroblasts and astrocytes dispersed without forming a glial/fibrotic scar-like structure. Furthermore, the expression levels of neurocan, NG2 and collagen I in the coculture were reduced, and the growth of VSC4.1 motoneuron axons was enhanced. These findings suggest that suppression of Eph B2 expression by RNAi attenuates the formation of a glial/fibrotic scar and promotes axon growth. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China(approval No. 2019-0506-002) on May 6, 2019.

关键词： astrocyte EphB2 fibroblast glial/fibrotic scar microfluidic platform RNAi spinal cord injury VSC4.1 motoneuron

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates activated microglia-induced neuronal damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第3期9卷 252-259页

作者： Lining Ke Wei Guo Jianwen Xu Guodong Zhang Wei Wang Wenhua Huang department of Human Anatomy Histology and Embryology Southern Medical University department of Human Anatomy Histology and Embryology Fujian Medical University

The microglia-mediated inflammatory reaction promotes neuronal damage under cerebral isch- emia/hypoxia conditions. We therefore speculated that inhibition of hypoxia-induced microglial activation may alleviate neuronal damage. To test this hypothesis, we co-cultured ginsenoside Rb 1, an active component of ginseng, and cortical neurons. Ginsenoside Rb l protected neuronal morphology and structure in a single hypoxic culture system and in a hypoxic co-culture system with microglia, and reduced neuronal apoptosis and caspase-3 production. The protective effect was observable prior to placing in co-culture. Additionally, ginsenoside Rbl inhibited levels of tumor necrosis factor-a in a co-culture system containing activated N9 microglial cells. Ginse-noside Rbl also significantly decreased nitric oxide and superoxide production induced by N9 microglia. Our findings indicate that ginsenoside Rbl attenuates damage to cerebral cortex neu-rons by downregulation of nitric oxide, superoxide, and tumor necrosis factor-a expression in hypoxia-activated microglia.

关键词： nerve regeneration traditional Chinese medicine ischemia/hypoxia microglia neurons apoptosis ginsenoside Rb l nerve inflammation factor NSFC grant neural regeneration

The mutual interaction between the host spinal cord and grafted undifferentiated stem cells fosters the production of a lesion-induced secretome

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1844-1845页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal Nógrádi department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged

Pathophysiology of spinal cord injury:Injury to the spinal cord results in loss of gray and white matter i.e.,it produces a segmental spinal cord lesion and,as a consequence leads to a fatal loss of motor,sensory and autonomic functions.Spinal cord injuries in humans and other mammals are not followed by the replacement of lost neurons and oligodendrocytes and regrowth of injured axons,instead they lead to permanent,fatal and incurable functional deficits.The primary physical injury is followed by a cascade of tissue-decaying events,called secondary injury,which leads to ischemia,vascular disruption,neuroinflammation,excitotoxicity,demyelination and death of neurons and glial cells(Silva et al.,2014;Figure 1A).The direct mechanical disruption of the vasculature results in the increased permeability of the blood-spinal cord barrier.Due to the leakiness of blood-spinal cord barrier and production of cytokines by activated microglia,a number of various immune cells(T lymphocytes,neutrophils and monocytes)invade the injury site.The macrophages generate a set of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1α,IL-1β,and IL-6,which may further augment the secondary events(Ahuja et al.,2017).In addition,a number of other disruptive processes contribute to the heterogeneous and time-sensitive pathophysiology of spinal cord injury.

关键词： mutual Figure injuries

Septation of the Intrapericardial Arterial Trunks in the Ear Human Embryonic Heart

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第12期131卷 1457-1464页

作者： Yan-Ping Yang Hai-Rong Li Xi-Mei Cao Cong-Jin Qiao Jing Ya department of Histology and embryology Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China

Background： Outflow tract （OFT） septation defects are a common cause of congenital heart disease. Numerous studies have focused on the septation mechanism of the OFT, but have reported inconsistent conclusions. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the septation of the aortic sac and the OFT in the early embryonic human heart. Methods： Serial sections of 27 human embryonic hearts from Carnegie stage （CS） 10 to CS19 were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and myosin heavy chain. Results： At CS10-CS11, the OFT wail was an exclusively myocardial structure that was continuous with the aortic sac at the margin of the pericardial cavity. From CS13 onward, the OFT was divided into nonmyocardial and myocardial portions. The cushion formed gradually, and its distal border with the OFT myocardium was consistently maintained. The aortic sac between the fourth and sixth aortic arch arteries was degenerated. At CS16, the α-SMA-positive aortopulmonary septum formed and fused with the two OFT cushions, thus septating the nonmyocardial portion of the OFT into two arteries. At this stage, the cushions were not fused. At CS19, the bilateral cushions were fused to septate the myocardial portion of the OFT. Conclusions： Data suggest that the OFT cushion is formed before the aortopulmonary septum is formed. Thus, the OFT cushion is not derived from the aortopuhnonary septum. In addition, the nonmyocardial part of the OFT is septated into the aorta and pulmonary trunk by the aortopulmonary septum, while the main part of the cushion fuses and septates the myocardial portion of the OFT.

关键词： Aortopulmonary Septum： Human Embryonic Heart Immunohistochemistry Outflow Tract： Outflow Tract Cushion

Anatomy and embryology of umbilicus in newborns： a review and clinical correlations

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Frontiers of Medicine 2016年第3期10卷 271-277页

作者： Abdelmonem A. Hegazy department of Anatomy and embryology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt

Umbilicus is considered a mirror of the abdomen in newborns. Despite its importance, the umbilicus has been stated in literature and textbooks as discrete subjects with many body systems, such as the urinary, digestive, and cardiovascular ones. This article aimed to address the basic knowledge of the umbilicus in relation to clinical disorders under one integrated topic to aid physicians and surgeons in assessing newborns and infants. The umbilicus appears as early as the fourth week of fetal life when the folding of the embryonic plate occurs. The umbilicus appears initially as a primitive umbilical ring on the ventral aspect of the body. The primitive umbilicus contains the connecting stalk, umbilical vessels, vitelline duct and vessels, allantois, and loop of the intestine. Changes occur to form the definitive cord, which contains three umbilical vessels, namely, ＂one vein and two arteries,＂ embedded in Wharton＇s jelly. After birth, the umbilical vessels inside the body obliterate and gradually form ligaments. Congenital disorders at the umbilicus include herniation, bleeding, and discharge of mucous, urine, or feces. Some of these disorders necessitate emergent surgical interference, whereas others may be managed conservatively. The umbilicus has many embryological remnants. Thus, the umbilicus is prone to various clinical disorders. Detecting these disorders as early as possible is essential to prevent or minimize possible complications.

关键词： anatomy embryology newboms umbilicus

Optimal concentration and time window for proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells from embryonic cerebral cortex: 5% oxygen preconditioning for 72 hours

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1516-1522页

作者： Li-li Yuan Ying-jun Guan Deng-dian Ma Hong-mei Du department of Histology and embryology Academy of Basic Medicine Jining Medical University department of Histology and embryology Academy of Basic Medicine Weifang Medical University department of Otorhinolaryngology Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University

Hypoxia promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells from embryonic day 12 rat brain tissue, but the concentration and time of hypoxic preconditioning are controversial. To address this, we cultured neural stem cells isolated from embryonic day 14 rat cerebral cortex in 5% and 10% oxygen in vitro. MTT assay, neurosphere number, and immunofluorescent staining found that 5% or 10% oxygen preconditioning for 72 hours improved neural stem cell viability and proliferation. With prolonged hypoxic duration （120 hours）, the proportion of apoptotic cells increased. Thus, 5% oxygen preconditioning for 72 hours promotes neural stem cell prolif- eration and neuronal differentiation. Our findings indicate that the optimal concentration and duration of hypoxic preconditioning for promoting proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells from the cerebral cortex are 5% oxygen for 72 hours.

关键词： nerve regeneration brain injury neural stem cells low oxygen cerebral cortex apoptosis differentiation microtubule-associated protein 2 glial fibrillary acidic protein caspase-3 neuralregeneration

Selective killing effect of oxytetracycline,propafenone and metamizole on A549 or Hela cells

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2013年第6期25卷 662-670页

作者： Jinhui Shao Guihua Feng department of Histology and embryology School of MedicineHubei University of Art and Science

Objective： To determine the selective killing effect of oxytetracycline, propafenone and metamizole on A549 or Hela cells. Methods： Proliferation assay, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） assay, apoptosis detecting, flow cytometry and western blot were performed. Results： It was found that treatment with propafenone at the concentration of 0.014 g/L or higher for 48 h could induce apoptosis in Hela cells greatly, while it was not observed in oxytetracycline and metamizole at the concentration of 0.20 g/L for 48 h. Oxytetracycline, propafenone and metamizole all displayed evident inhibitory effects on the proliferation of A549 cells. The results of LDH assay demonstrated that the drugs at the test range of concentration did not cause necrosis in the cells. Propafenone could elevate the protein level of P53 effectively （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： Oxytetracycline, propafenone and metamizol （dipyrone） all displayed evident inhibitory effects on the proliferation of A549 cells. Propafenone also displayed evident inhibitory effects on the proliferation of Hela cells.

关键词： Cancer drug oxytetracycline propafenone metamizol

Effects of chemotherapeutic agent bendamustine for nonhodgkin lymphoma on spermatogenesis in mice

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2018年第6期32卷 442-453页

作者： Minbo Zang Qiao Zhou Yunfei Zhu Mingxi Liu Zuomin Zhou State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Department of Histology and EmbryologyNanjing Medical University

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) is one of the most common cancers affecting men of reproductive age. The high response rate of bendamustine as first-line treatment for NHL, coupled with young age of patients, makes elucidation of the impact of treatment on male reproduction important. Our aim was to determine the effects of bendamustine on male reproduction by animal model. Male mice were treated with bendamustine(40 mg/kg) through tail vein injection while cisplatin was given as a standard(3 mg/kg) through intraperitoneal injection. After 3 weeks, bendamustine induced weight loss and sperm morphology abnormalities were compared to the control. Additionally, sperm with folded tails were the most frequent abnormality in bendamustine-treated mice. But the mechanism of sperm abnormality induced by bendamustine remains to be elucidated. These results indicate bendamustine may affect spermatozoa of patients who have been treated for NHL.

关键词： Non-Hodgkin lymphoma chemotherapy bendamustine mice spermatozoa toxicology

Comparison of the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab and dexamethasone in experimental posterior penetrating eye injury

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第4期11卷 575-579页

作者： Ayse Oner Nisa Kahraman Saim Ozdamar Esra Balcioglu department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University department of Histology and embryology Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University

AIM： To compare the effects of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） and dexamethasone in an experimental rabbit model of posterior penetrating ocular injury.METHODS： Thirty white New Zealand rabbits were included in the study. A posterior penetrating ocular injury was performed at the superotemporal quadrant. They were randomly divided into three groups. The rabbits in group 1 received intravitreal dexamethasone, in group 2 they received intravitreal bevacizumab and those in group 3 received intravitreal physiological saline solution in both eyes. All eyes were examined ophthalmologically on the 1^st, 3^rd, 7^th, 14^th and 28^th days following the injury and the clinical findings were scored. On the day 28, the eyes were enucleated, evaluated and scored macroscopically, histopathologically and scanning electron microscopically.RESULTS： The median clinical score on the 14 th and 28 th days and the median macroscopic score of the dexamethasone group was significantly better than that of control（P=0.004, 0.018）. Dexamethasone group was also better than that of bevacizumab group but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Retinal detachment rate was 8.3%, 16.6% and 12.5% in the dexamethasone group, bevacizumab group and control group, respectively（P=0.476）. More extensive fibrocelluler proliferations were observed in controls compared with dexamethasone and bevacizumab groups. But these differences did not reach the statistical significance（P=0.538）. In scanning electron microscopy all groups showed fibreous stalk and dense collagen fibrils in vitreous. CONCLUSION： This study shows that intravitreal injection of both dexamethasone and bevacizumab may reduce the intraocular fibrous proliferation after an experimental posterior penetrating ocular injury in rabbits.

关键词： posterior penetrating ocular injury experimental dexamethasone bevacizumab proliferative vitreoretinopathy