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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 981-990页

作者： Ning Li Yujie Cao Xiaokang Liu Yan Zhang Ruotong Wang Lin Jiang Xiao-Ping Zhang School of electrical engineering Xi'an University of Technology the department of electronics Information and Bioengineering Xi'an Jiaotong University the department of electrical engineering and electronics University of Liverpool the department of Electronic Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Birmingham

Two-level totem-pole power factor correction(PFC) converters in critical conduction mode(CRM) suffer from the wide regulation range of switching frequency. Besides, in highfrequency applications, the number of switching times increases, resulting in significant switching losses. To solve these issues, this paper proposes an improved modulation strategy for the single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped(NPC) converter in CRM with PFC. By optimizing the discharging strategy and switching state sequence, the switching frequency and its variation range have been efficiently reduced. The detailed performance analysis is also presented regarding the switching frequency, the average switching times, and the effect of voltage gain. A 2 k W prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy and analysis results. Compared with the totem-pole PFC converter, the switching frequency regulation range of the three-level PFC converter is reduced by 36.48% and the average switching times is reduced by 45.10%. The experimental result also shows a 1.2% higher efficiency for the three-level PFC converter in the full load range.

关键词： Switches Switching frequency Control systems Topology Bridge circuits Inductors Customer relationship management

Extension of Distribution Transformer Life in the Presence of Smart Inverter-based Distributed Solar Photovoltaic Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 88-95页

作者： Kanhaiya Kumar Saran Satsangi Ganesh Balu Kumbhar department of electrical and electronics engineering Motihari College of EngineeringMotihariBiharIndia department of electrical engineering National Institute of Technology(NIT)PatnaPatnaBiharIndia department of electrical engineering Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)RoorkeeRoorkeeUttarakhandIndia

A transformer is an essential but expensive power delivery equipment for a distribution utility.In many distribution utilities worldwide,a sizable percentage of transformers are near the end of their designed life.At the same time,distribution utilities are adopting smart inverter-based distributed solar photovoltaic(SPV)systems to maximize renewable generation.The central objective of this paper is to propose a methodology to quantify the effect of smart inverter-based distributed SPV systems on the aging of distribution transformers.The proposed method is first tested on a modified IEEE-123 node distribution feeder.After that,the procedure is applied to a practical distribution system,i.e.,the Indian Institute of Technology(IIT)Roorkee campus,India.The transformer aging models,alongside advanced control functionalities of grid-tied smart inverter-based SPV systems,are implemented in MATLAB.The open-source simulation tool(OpenDSS)is used to model distribution networks.To analyze effectiveness of various inverter functionalities,time-series simulations are performed using exponential load models,considering daily load curves from multiple seasons,load types,current harmonics,etc.Findings show replacing a traditional inverter with a smart inverter-based SPV system can enable local reactive power generation and may extend the life of a distribution transformer.Simulation results demonstrate,simply by incorporating smart inverter-based SPV systems,transformer aging is reduced by 15%to 22%in comparison to SPV systems operating with traditional inverters.

关键词： Distribution transformer loss of life smart inverter functions solar photovoltaic systems thermal models Volt-VAr control

A Comprehensive Review on Charging Topologies and Power Electronic Converter Solutions for Electric Vehicles

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 675-694页

作者： Abdelfatah Ali Hossam H.H.Mousa Mostafa F.Shaaban Maher A.Azzouz Ahmed S.A.Awad the department of electrical engineering American University of Sharjah the department of electrical engineering South Valley University the department of electrical and Computer engineering University of Windsor electrical engineering department Qatar University the department of electrical and Computer engineering Sultan Qaboos University

Electric vehicles(EVs) are becoming more popular worldwide due to environmental concerns, fuel security, and price volatility. The performance of EVs relies on the energy stored in their batteries, which can be charged using either AC(slow) or DC(fast) chargers. Additionally, EVs can also be used as mobile power storage devices using vehicle-to-grid(V2G) technology. Power electronic converters(PECs) have a constructive role in EV applications, both in charging EVs and in V2G. Hence, this paper comprehensively investigates the state of the art of EV charging topologies and PEC solutions for EV applications. It examines PECs from the point of view of their classifications, configurations, control approaches, and future research prospects and their impacts on power quality. These can be classified into various topologies: DC-DC converters, AC-DC converters, DC-AC converters, and AC-AC converters. To address the limitations of traditional DC-DC converters such as switching losses, size, and high-electromagnetic interference(EMI), resonant converters and multiport converters are being used in high-voltage EV applications. Additionally, power-train converters have been modified for high-efficiency and reliability in EV applications. This paper offers an overview of charging topologies, PECs, challenges with solutions, and future trends in the field of the EV charging station applications.

关键词： Topology DC-DC power converters Vehicle-to-grid Electric vehicle charging Batteries Transportation Electromagnetic interference

Improved Energy Management Strategy for Prosumer Buildings with Renewable Energy Sources and Battery Energy Storage Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 381-392页

作者： Pavitra Sharma Krishna Kumar Saini Hitesh Datt Mathur Puneet Mishra department of electrical&electronics engineering Birla Institute of Technology&SciencePilaniIndia IEEE

The concept of utilizing microgrids(MGs)to convert buildings into prosumers is gaining massive popularity because of its economic and environmental benefits.These pro-sumer buildings consist of renewable energy sources and usually install battery energy storage systems(BESSs)to deal with the uncertain nature of renewable energy sources.However,because of the high capital investment of BESS and the limitation of available energy,there is a need for an effective energy management strategy for prosumer buildings that maximizes the profit of building owner and increases the operating life span of BESS.In this regard,this paper proposes an improved energy management strategy(IEMS)for the prosumer building to minimize the operating cost of MG and degradation factor of BESS.Moreover,to estimate the practical operating life span of BESS,this paper utilizes a non-linear battery degradation model.In addition,a flexible load shifting(FLS)scheme is also developed and integrated into the proposed strategy to further improve its performance.The proposed strategy is tested for the real-time annual data of a grid-tied solar photovoltaic(PV)and BESS-powered AC-DC hybrid MG installed at a commercial building.Moreover,the scenario reduction technique is used to handle the uncertainty associated with generation and load demand.To validate the performance of the proposed strategy,the results of IEMS are compared with the well-established energy management strategies.The simulation results verify that the proposed strategy substantially increases the profit of the building owner and operating life span of BESS.Moreover,FLS enhances the performance of IEMS by further improving the financial profit of MG owner and the life span of BESS,thus making the operation of prosumer building more economical and efficient.

关键词： Prosumer building battery energy storage system(BESS) battery degradation factor demand response energy management microgrid solar photovoltaic(PV)system

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Programming nonlinear propagation for efficient optical learning machines

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 73-83页

作者： Ilker Oguz Jih-Liang Hsieh Niyazi Ulas Dinc Ugur Tegin Mustafa Yildirim Carlo Gigli Christophe Moser Demetri Psaltis École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Institute of Electrical and Micro EngineeringEcublensSwitzerland Koc University Department of Electrical and Electronics EngineeringIstanbulTurkey

The ever-increasing demand for training and inferring with larger machine-learning models requires more efficient hardware solutions due to limitations such as power dissipation and scalability.Optics is a promising contender for providing lower power computation,since light propagation through a nonabsorbing medium is a lossless operation.However,to carry out useful and efficient computations with light,generating and controlling nonlinearity optically is a necessity that is still elusive.Multimode fibers(MMFs)have been shown that they can provide nonlinear effects with microwatts of average power while maintaining parallelism and low loss.We propose an optical neural network architecture that performs nonlinear optical computation by controlling the propagation of ultrashort pulses in MMF by wavefront shaping.With a surrogate model,optimal sets of parameters are found to program this optical computer for different tasks with minimal utilization of an electronic computer.We show a remarkable decrease of 97%in the number of model parameters,which leads to an overall 99%digital operation reduction compared to an equivalently performing digital neural network.We further demonstrate that a fully optical implementation can also be performed with competitive accuracies.

关键词： neural networks nonlinear optics fiber optics surrogate optimization neuromorphic computing wavefront shaping

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Enhancement of Solar PV Panel Efficiency Using Double Integral Sliding Mode MPPT Control

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 271-283页

作者： Immadisetty Rahul Raju Hariharan department of electrical and electronics engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Chennai 602105India

The extraction of maximum power from the solar panels,using the sliding mode control scheme,becomes popular for partial weather atmospheric conditions due to its effective dynamic duty cycle ratio.However,the sliding mode control scheme was sophisticated with single integral and double integral sliding mode control scheme,which offer enhanced maximum power extraction and support enhanced solar panel efficiency in partial weather conditions.The operation of the sliding mode control scheme depends on the selection of a sliding surface selection based on the atmospheric weather condition,which enables the effective sliding duty cycle ratio operation for the DC/DC boost converter.The duty cycle ratio of the sliding mode control resembles the usual dynamic behavior to achieve enhanced efficiency compared to the various maximum power point tracking(MPPT)schemes.The major limitation of the sliding mode control scheme is to achieve the steady state voltage error of the solar panel in minimum settling time duration.The single integral sliding mode control scheme achieves the expected steady state voltage error limit but fails to achieve minimum settling time duration.Hence,the single integral sliding mode control is extended to a double integral sliding mode control scheme to achieve both steady state voltage error limits within the minimum settling time duration.This double integral sliding mode control scheme allows us to obtain the higher sliding surface duty cycle ratio which acts as the input signal to the boost converter.This activates the enhanced stable and reliable system operation,and nullifies the lacuna of maximum solar panel efficiency under partial weather conditions.Hence,this paper aims to present the design and performance operation of the double integral sliding mode(DISM)MPPT control scheme.To validate the performance analysis of the proposed DISM MPPT control scheme,the MATLAB/Simulink model is designed and verified.Also,the performance analysis of the proposed DISM MPPT control scheme is compared with

关键词： maximum power point tracking(MPPT)schemes sliding mode controller(SMC) double integral sliding mode controller(DISMC) pulse width modulation(PWM) photovoltaic(PV)system

Automatic area estimation of algal blooms in water bodies from UAV images using texture analysis

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Water Science and engineering 2024年第1期17卷 62-71页

作者： Ajmeria Rahul Gundu Lokesh Siddhartha Goswami R.N.Ponnalagu Radhika Sudha department of electrical and electronics engineering Birla Institute of Technology&SciencePilani Hyderabad CampusTelangana 500078India

Algal blooms,the spread of algae on the surface of water bodies,have adverse effects not only on aquatic ecosystems but also on human life.The adverse effects of harmful algal blooms(HABs)necessitate a convenient solution for detection and monitoring.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have recently emerged as a tool for algal bloom detection,efficiently providing on-demand images at high spatiotemporal resolutions.This study developed an image processing method for algal bloom area estimation from the aerial images(obtained from the internet)captured using UAVs.As a remote sensing method of HAB detection,analysis,and monitoring,a combination of histogram and texture analyses was used to efficiently estimate the area of HABs.Statistical features like entropy(using the Kullback-Leibler method)were emphasized with the aid of a gray-level co-occurrence matrix.The results showed that the orthogonal images demonstrated fewer errors,and the morphological filter best detected algal blooms in real time,with a precision of 80%.This study provided efficient image processing approaches using on-board UAVs for HAB monitoring.

关键词： Algal bloom Image processing Texture analysis Histogram analysis Unmanned aerial vehicles

A novel matrix topology-based analysis method of thermal circuits for reliability optimization of HSER

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 479-492页

作者： Huimin LIANG Bo LI Jiaxin YOU Shan JIANG Mengtong ZHU Aobo WANG department of electrical engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Nanjing Research Institute of electronics Technology Nanjing 210008China

Hermetically Sealed Electromagnetic Relay(HSER), used in aviation and aerospace,demands high reliability due to its critical applications. Given its complex operating conditions, efficient thermal analysis is essential for optimizing reliability. The commonly used Finite Element Method(FEM) is often time-consuming and may not be efficient or adaptable for complex multi-dimensional system calculations and design processes. This paper introduces an analysis method for thermal networks based on matrix perspective technology, encompassing matrix transformation, backpropagation of the heat path model, temperature rise calculation, solution comparison, and product implementation. Using the similarity theory of heat circuits, a basic thermal unit is established. Based on the fundamental connection between key components, a thermal network for a typical HSER is designed. An experimental system is set up, and the thermal network model's accuracy is confirmed using test data. Employing the topology analysis method, the topology of the thermal network is analyzed under both coil-energized and de-energized states. Potential thermal paths are identified, leading to optimized solutions for the HSER. Utilizing these solutions, the thermal path matrix topology model is backpropagated to the thermal path for temperature rise calculations. When compared to prototype HSER test data, the efficiency and accuracy of this matrix topology-based analysis method are confirmed.

关键词： Thermal networks HSER(Hermetically Sealed Electromagnetic Relay) Heat-circuit topology model Heat-circuit matrix Optimization design

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Maximum correntropy-based pseudolinear Kalman filter for passive bearings-only target tracking

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 269-281页

作者： Asfia Urooj Rahul Radhakrishnan department of electrical engineering SVNITSuratGujarat395007India department of electrical engineering NIT CalicutKozhikodeKerala673601India

This paper proposes a new approach for solving the bearings-only target tracking (BoT) problem by introducing a maximum correntropy criterion to the pseudolinear Kalman filter (PLKF). PLKF has been a popular choice for solving BoT problems owing to the reduced computational complexity. However, the coupling between the measurement vector and pseudolinear noise causes bias in PLKF. To address this issue, a bias-compensated PLKF (BC-PLKF) under the assumption of Gaussian noise was formulated. However, this assumption may not be valid in most practical cases. Therefore, a bias-compensated PLKF with maximum correntropy criterion is introduced, resulting in two new filters: maximum correntropy pseudolinear Kalman filter (MC-PLKF) and maximum correntropy bias-compensated pseudolinear Kalman filter (MC-BC-PLKF). To demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimators, a comparative analysis assuming large outliers in the process and measurement model of 2D BoT is conducted. These large outliers are modeled as non-Gaussian noises with diverse noise distributions that combine Gaussian and Laplacian noises. The simulation results are validated using root mean square error (RMSE), average RMSE (ARMSE), percentage of track loss and bias norm. Compared to PLKF and BC-PLKF, all the proposed maximum correntropy-based filters (MC-PLKF and MC-BC-PLKF) performed with superior estimation accuracy.

关键词： Bearings-only target tracking Pseudolinear Kalman filter Maximum correntropy criterion Non-Gaussian noise

Momentum Search Algorithm for Analysis of Fuel Cell Vehicle-to-Grid System with Large-scale Buildings

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2024年第2期9卷 147-160页

作者： Padhmanabhaiyappan Sivalingam Madhusudanan Gurusamy department of electrical&electronics engineering SRM Valliammai Engineering CollegePotheriTamil Nadu 60320India electrical and electronics engineering from Bhara-thidasan University TrichyTamil NaduIndia

The design and analysis of a fuel cell vehi-cle-to-grid(FCV2G)system with a high voltage conver-sion interface is proposed.The system aims to maximize the utilization of fuel cell vehicles(FCVs)as distributed energy resources,allowing them to actively participate in the energy market.The proposed FCV2G system has FCVs,power electronics interfaces,and the electrical grid.The power electronics interfaces are responsible for con-verting the low-voltage output of the fuel cell stack into high-voltage DC power,and ensuring efficient power transfer between the FCVs and the grid.To optimize the operation of the FCV2G system,the momentum search algorithm(MSA)is employed.By applying MSA,the FCV2G system can achieve optimal power dispatch,con-sidering factors such as energy efficiency,grid stability,and economic feasibility.The proposed method is tested in MATLAB.The best MSA and dynamic load profile solu-tions are run for 24 h and the results show that 100%import of FCVs 51.0%more than 100%electric vehicle.Peak-cutting and vehicle-to-grid service revenue are 30.5%and 95.0%greater,respectively.Low discharge loss,high capacity,and high discharge power are the main advantages of FCVs.The benchmark FCVs ratio of 15%is used for sensitivity analysis.The findings reveal that the overall advantages of FCV2G are improved.Index Terms—Continuous conduction mode,DC-DC converter,discontinuous conduction mode,fuel cell vehi-cle,utility-grids,vehicle-to-grid.

关键词： Continuous conduction mode DC-DC converter discontinuous conduction mode fuel cell vehi-cle utility-grids vehicle-to-grid