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High-resolution model experiments unveil the crucial role of small-scale air-sea interactions in large-scale oceanic water mass formation

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 120-121页

作者： Shoshiro Minobe Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Faculty of Science Hokkaido University

Subtropical mode water (STMW) plays a crucial role in the earth’s climate,including the oceans’ absorption of anthropogenic CO2and heat produced by global warming,thus slowing the progression of global warming.Therefore,accurate prediction of STMW is important for future climate change projections.However,there has been a problem with the climate models that have been used for climate projections in that they have not been able to adequately reproduce STMW.

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技术创新推动古海洋磷循环理论新突破

科学通报 2023年第28期68卷 3724-3726页

作者：王久源 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA

技术创新是科学进步的重要推动力.纵观整个科学史,许多重大的科学发现和理论突破均以技术创新为驱动[1].例如,光学显微镜的发明揭示了细胞结构,从而催生了细胞生物学这一全新学科;粒子加速器的建设揭示了基本粒子的组成和运动规律,进而... 详细信息

技术创新是科学进步的重要推动力.纵观整个科学史,许多重大的科学发现和理论突破均以技术创新为驱动[1].例如,光学显微镜的发明揭示了细胞结构,从而催生了细胞生物学这一全新学科;粒子加速器的建设揭示了基本粒子的组成和运动规律,进而推动了高能物理学的发展.地球科学的发展同样受益于技术创新[2].举例来说,氧同位素温度计的开发为古温度的重建提供了可能,奠定了古气候研究的基础[3];近年来非传统稳定同位素指标的开发及运用,为研究地球各圈层演化提供了新的思路[2].近期,中国地球科学领域学者通过技术手段的创新[4],在古海洋磷循环这一前沿科学问题上取得了重要突破[5].该研究作为技术创新推动科学进步的又一案例,可为中国未来科研路径提供有益启示.磷是构成生命的6大基本元素之一,广泛分布于自然界中,并参与绝大多数生物化学过程[6].因其较低的溶解度,学界普遍认为磷是地质历史时期海洋生产力水平的主要限制因素[7].

关键词：生物化学过程高能物理学磷循环地球科学领域细胞生物学限制因素技术创新地质历史时期

The thermal conductivity of the earth's core and implications for its thermal and compositional evolution

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National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 18-20页

作者： Kenji Ohta Kei Hirose Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology department of earth and planetary Science The University of Tokyo

The thermal conductivity of iron alloys is a key to understanding the mechanism of convection in the earth’s liquid core and its thermal history. The earth’s magnetic field is formed by a dynamo action that requires... 详细信息

关键词： ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY HIGH-PRESSURE IRON ALLOYS SI NI

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大碰撞与地球内部神秘的团块

Science Bulletin 2024年第3期69卷 293-294页

作者：鲍习源 department of earth Planetaryand Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles CA 90095USA

Deep within the earth’s mantle,above the core-mantle boundary(CMB),lie two enigmatic structures known as Large Low-Velocity Provinces(LLVPs).Revealed from global seismic tomography,a technique akin to medical computed tomography(CT)scans but for the earth,the LLVPs take almost antipodal regions in the lowermost mantle,one beneath the Pacific Ocean,one beneath Africa[1].Each of the two vast regions occupies roughly the size of a continent laterally and extends 500–1500 km above the CMB[2,3].They are characterized by anomalous seismic properties,i.e.,seismic waves noticeably decelerate upon encountering these regions.This has led to numerous questions about their origin,composition,and role in earth’s geodynamic processes,and also has intrigued earth scientists especially geophysicists for decades.

关键词：地球内部 mantle earth

Quantifying climate conditions for the formation of coals and evaporites

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National Science Review 2023年第6期10卷 143-150页

作者： Xiujuan Bao Yongyun Hu Christopher R.Scotese Xiang Li Jiaqi Guo Jiawenjing Lan Qifan Lin Shuai Yuan Mengyu Wei Zhibo Li Kai Man Zihan Yin Jing Han Jian Zhang Qiang Wei Yonggang Liu Jun Yang Ji Nie Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northwestern University

Coals and evaporites are commonly used as qualitative indicators of wet and dry environments in deep-time climate studies,respectively.Here,we combine geological records with climate simulations to establish quantitative relationships of coals and evaporites with temperature and precipitation over the Phanerozoic.We show that coal records were associated with a median temperature of 25℃ and precipitation of1300 mm yr-1before 250 Ma.Afterwards,coal records appeared with temperatures between 0℃ and 21℃and precipitation of 900 mm yr-1.Evaporite records were associated with a median temperature of 27℃and precipitation of 800 mm yr-1.The most remarkable result is that net precipitation associated with coal and evaporite records remained constant across time.The results here have important implications for quantifying climate conditions for other lithologic indicators of climate and for predicting exogenetic ore deposits.

关键词： deep-time climate evolution coals evaporites temperature precipitation

Two types of mirror mode waves in the Kronian magnetosheath

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earth and planetary Physics 2023年第3期7卷 414-420页

作者： XinYa Duanmu ZhongHua Yao Yong Wei ShengYi Ye Key Laboratory of earth and planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of earth and planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China department of earth and Space sciences Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen Guangdong 518055China

A mirror mode wave is a fundamental magnetic structure in the planetary space environment that is persistently compressed by solar wind,especially in the magnetosheath.Mirror modes have been widely identified in the magnetosheaths of the earth and other planets in the solar system,yet the understanding of mirror mode waves on extraterrestrial planets is not as comprehensive as that on the earth.Using magnetic field data collected by the Cassini spacecraft,we found peak and dip types according to the magnetic morphology(i.e.,structures with higher or lower magnetic strengths than the background field).Moreover,mirror mode waves and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves were found one after the other,implying that the two wave modes may evolve into one another in the Kronian magnetosheath.The results indicate that many fundamental plasma processes associated with the mirror mode structure exist in the Kronian magnetosheath.The energy conversion in Saturn’s magnetosheath may provide key insights that will aid in understanding giant planetary magnetospheric processes.

关键词： mirror mode wave Cassini Kronian magnetosheath electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave

Formation and modification of wrinkle ridges in the central Tharsis region of Mars as constrained by detailed geomorphological mapping and landsystem analysis

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earth and planetary Physics 2023年第2期7卷 161-192页

作者： An Yin YingChi Wang department of earth Planetaryand Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1567USA

Wrinkle ridges are common landforms documented on all rocky planets and the Moon in the inner solar system.Despite the long research history,their formation mechanisms remain debated.A key unresolved issue is whether the wrinkle-ridge formation is related to igneous processes.This is because wrinkle ridges are mostly associated in space and possibly in time with the occurrence of flood-basalt volcanism in all cases in the inner solar system.To address this issue,we conducted geomorphological mapping,a topographic-data analysis,and a detailed landform and landsystem analysis of satellite images at a resolution of 25 cm/pixel to 6 m/pixel in the central Tharsis region of Mars.The main results of this work are in the form of(1)a regional geomorphological map at a resolution of 6 m/pixel and(2)a local geomorphological map at a resolution of 50 cm/pixel.Our work suggests the following older-to-younger sequence of geological events in the study area:(1)formation of a northeast-trending mountain range(i.e.,the Thaumasia plateau)along the eastern margin of the Tharsis rise that was created by the Himalayan-style crustal-scale thrusting;(2)coeval volcanic-plateau construction west of the thrusting-induced rising mountain range;(3)eastward-flowing lavas that were sourced from a volcanic plateau to the west terminated at the rising Thaumasia plateau to the east;(4)wrinkle-ridge development by decollement folding of recently emplaced warm,ductile volcanic-lava piles;(5)emplacement of a regionally extensive ice sheet over the central Tharsis region that produced extensive boulder-bearing materials,striated surfaces,and boulder-bearing dendritic-ridge networks possibly representing subglacial eskers;and(6)local deposition of highly concentrated glacial flours resulted in the formation of mantled terrain on plains between wrinkle ridges.Our work supports the early suggestion that the Tharsis wrinkle ridges were created by horizontal shortening induced by crustal-scale tectonic processes.In detail,however,the occurrence of flow-

关键词： planetary tectonics wrinkle ridges Tharsis rise glaciation

Impacts of thrusting,extensional faulting,and glaciation on cratering records of Pluto’s largest moon Charon:Implications for the evolution of Kuiper belt objects

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earth and planetary Physics 2022年第6期6卷 495-521页

作者： HanZhang Chen An Yin department of earth Planetaryand Space SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095-1567USA

A first-order question in the studies of the Solar System is how its outer zone known as the Kuiper belt was created and evolved.Two end-member models, involving coagulation vs. streaming instability, make different predictions-testable by the cratering history of Kuiper Belt Objects(KBOs)-about the cumulative size-frequency distribution(SFD) of the KBOs. Among all of the imaged KBOs, Pluto’s largest icy moon, Charon, appears to preserve the largest size range of seemingly undisturbed craters, their diameters(D) on Charon ranging from 220 km. Current work shows that Charon’s craters with D 30-40 km) and their crater rim ridges along the eastern edges of several north-trending, eastward-convex, arcuate ranges in Oz Terra of the northern encountered hemisphere,(2) lobate ridges, lobate knob trains, and lobate aprons resembling glacial moraine landforms on earth,(3) dendritic channel systems containing hanging valleys,and(4) locally striated surfaces defined by parallel ridges, knob trains, and grooves that are > 40-50 km in length. The above observations and the topographic dichotomy of Charon’s encountered hemisphere can be explained by a landscape-evolution model that involves(i)a giant impact that created the Vulcan Planitia basin and the extensional fault zone along its northern rim,(ii) a transient atmosphere capable of driving N2-ice glacial erosion of the water-ice bedrock and transporting water-ice debris to sedimentary basins,(iii) regional glacial erosion and transport of earlier e

关键词： Kuiper belt geomorpgology Charon glacier thrusting

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大碰撞与地球内部神秘的团块（英文）

Science Bulletin 2024年第3期 293-294页

作者：鲍习源 department of earth Planetary and Space Sciences University of California

Deep within the earth’s mantle,above the core-mantle boundary (CMB),lie two enigmatic structures known as Large Low-Velocity Provinces (LLVPs).Revealed from global seismic tomography,a technique akin to medical computed tomography (CT) scans but for the earth,the LLVPs take almost antipodal regions in the lowermost mantle,one beneath the Pacific Ocean,one beneath Africa [1].Each of the two vast regions occupies roughly the size of a continent laterally and extends 500-1500 km above the CMB [2,3].They are characterized by anomalous seismic properties,i.e.,seismic waves noticeably decelerate upon encountering these regions.This has led to numerous questions about their origin,composition,and role in earth’s geodynamic processes,and also has intrigued earth scientists especially geophysicists for decades.

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