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Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： Kristen Gallagher Isabelle Bernstein Cynthia Collings David Main Ghayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naughton Jayasimha Daddam Vengai Mavangira Mike Vandehaar Zheng Zhou department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA department of Veterinary diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Ames 50011USA

Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always *** with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks *** Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design *** were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same *** effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in *** No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d *** receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of *** of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with *** to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

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Syrosingopine,an anti-hypertensive drug and lactate transporter(MCT1/4)inhibitor,activates hepatic stellate cells and exacerbates liver fibrosis in a mouse model

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 28-30页

作者： Meichun Guo Yannian Gou Xiangyu Dong Jiamin Zhong Aohua Li Ailing Hao Tongchuan He Jiaming Fan Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of diagnostic Medicine and the School of Laboratory Diagnostic MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA

Syrosingopine is an anti-hypertensive drug and can cause high intracellular lactate levels and end-product inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by inhibiting the lactate transporters MCT1 and *** studies have shown that syrosingopine plays an essential role in the process of glycolytic blockade,ATP depletion,and cell death in cancer due to high intracellular levels of lactate.

关键词： hypertensive MCT1 drug

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Ellagic acid inhibits gastric cancer cells by modulating oxidative stress and inducing apoptosis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第4期14卷 162-169页

作者： Jian Zheng Chun-Feng Li department of diagnostic Radiology Division Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHeilongjiangChina department of Gastrointestinal Surgical Ward Harbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHeilongjiangChina

Objective:To evaluate the anticancer effect of ellagic acid on gastric cancer ***:MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid at different concentrations(0.5-100μg/mL)on gastric cancer AGS ***-qPCR and Western blot analyses were applied to assess apoptosis(BCL-2,CASP-3,and BAX)and autophagy(LC3,ATG5,and BECN1)in AGS cells treated with ellagic *** expression of invasion-related markers including TP53,CDKN2A,and PTEN was *** addition,cell cycle markers including cyclin A,B,D,and E were measured by *** stress markers were evaluated using ***:Ellagic acid inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells in a concentration-and time-dependent *** expression of BCL-2 was significantly decreased(P0.05).Moreover,the oxidative stress markers including SOD,TAC,and MDA were increased by ellagic acid(P<0.01).Conclusions:Ellagic acid can inhibit cell proliferation,induce apoptosis,and modulate oxidative stress in AGS ***,further in vivo and molecular studies are needed to verify its anticancer efficacy.

关键词： Ellagic acid Gastric cancer Apoptosis Autophagy Metastasis Proliferation

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Polyphyllin Ⅰ enhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced inhibition of human osteosarcoma cell growth via downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第2期44卷 251-259页

作者： CHANG Junli ZHAO Fulai SUN Xingyuan MA Xiaoping ZHAO Peng ZHOU Chujie SHI Binhao GU Wenchao WANG Yongjun YANG Yanping Spine Disease Institute Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032China department of diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University of TsukubaIbaraki 315-0114Japan

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the synergistic effects of polyphyllin Ⅰ(PPⅠ)combined with tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosis-inducing ligand(TRAIL)on the growth of osteosarcoma cells through downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling ***:Cell viability,apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were examined using cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry *** morphology of cancer cells was observed with inverted phase contrast *** migration and invasion abilities were examined by xCELLigence real time cell analysis DP system and transwell *** expressions of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase,C-Myc,Cyclin B1,cyclin-dependent kinases 1,N-cadherin,Vimentin,Active-β-catenin,β-catenin,p-glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK-3β)and GSK-3βwere determined by Western blotting ***:PPⅠ sensitized TRAIL-induced decrease of viability,migration and invasion,as well as increase of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of MG-63 and U-2 OS osteosarcoma *** synergistic effect of PPⅠwith TRAIL in inhibiting the growth of osteosarcoma cells was at least partially realized through the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling ***:The combination of PPⅠ and TRAIL is potentially a novel treatment strategy of osteosarcoma.

关键词： osteosarcoma tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand Wnt signaling pathway beta-catenin polyphyllinⅠ

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Revolutionizing palliative care:Electrocautery-enhanced lumenapposing metal stents in endoscopic-ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for malignant obstructions

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2358-2361页

作者： Nirmal Kumar Reddy Onteddu Naga Sai Rasagna Mareddy Sai Swarupa R Vulasala Jayabharath Onteddu Mayur Virarkar department of Internal Medicine University of Florida College of MedicineJacksonvilleFL 32209United States department of diagnostic Radiology University of AlabamaBirminghamAL 35294United States department of diagnostic Radiology University of Florida College of MedicineJacksonvilleFL 32209United States department of Public Health Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Patients with malignant biliary obstruction,following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)failure could be referred for endoscopicultrasound-guided biliary drainage through electrocautery-enhanced(ECE)lumen-apposing metal stent(LAMS)***,the efficacy and safety of ECE-LAMS in this scenario have remained debatable due to minimal scientific *** current confirmed 91.0%clinical success,96.7%technical success,7.3%reintervention rate,and 17.5%adverse events,following the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction with ECE-LAMS ***,ECE-LAMS proved to be a generalizable strategy for managing biliary obstruction for patients who were excluded from ERCP.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Electrocautery-enhancedlumen-apposing metal stent Biliary drainage Biliary stent Endoscopic ultrasound

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Echinatin inhibits tumor growth and synergizes with chemotherapeutic agents against human bladder cancer cells by activating p38 and suppressing Wnt/β-catenin pathways

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 1050-1065页

作者： Xiaoxuan Wang Lijuan Luo Jingtao Xu Qiuping Lu Haichao Xia Yanran Huang Lulu Zhang Liping Xie Habu Jiwa Shiqiong Liang Xiaoji Luo Jinyong Luo Key Laboratory of diagnostic Medicine Designated By the Chinese Ministry of Education School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary *** to the poor prognosis and high mortality rate of the disease,it is urgent to develop new drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity to treat *** (Ecn) is a bioactive natural flavonoid oflicorice that has attracted special attention for its promising anti-tumor ***,we explored the inhibitory effects of Echinatin on BC cells and probed the possible molecular *** found that Ecnin vitro inhibited the proliferation,migration,and invasion,arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase,and promoted apoptosis in BC ***,Ecn had no notable cytotoxicity towards human normal *** subsequently confirmed that Ecn restrained xenograft tumor growth and metastasis of BC cells in vivo .Mechanistically,Ecn activated the p38 signaling pathway but inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,while over-expression of β-catenin and the p38 inhibitor both attenuated the inhibitory effects of Ecn on BC ***,Ecn combined with cisplatin (DDP) or gemcitabine (Gem) had synergistic inhibitory effects on BC *** summary,our results validate that Ecn inhibits the tumor growth of human BC cells via p38 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling *** meaningfully,our results suggest a potential strategy to enhance DDP- or Gem-induced inhibitory effects on BC cells by combining with Ecn.

关键词： Bladder cancer Combination chemotherapy Echinatin p38 Wnt/β-catenin

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Roles of host proteases in the entry of SARS-CoV-2

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 27-39页

作者： Alexandria Zabiegalal Yunjeong Kim Kyeong-Ok Chang department of diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State University1800 Denison Avenue ManhattanKS 66506USA

The spike protein(S)of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry,thus a major factor for host suscep-tibility,tissue tropism,virulence and *** S is divided with S1 and S2 region,and the S1 contains the receptor-binding domain(RBD),while the S2 contains the hydrophobic fusion domain for the entry into the host *** host proteases have been implicated in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S through various c leavage *** this article,we review host proteases including furin,trypsin,transmembrane protease serine 2(TMPRSS2)and cathepsins in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 *** betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 have polybasic residues at the S1/S2 site which is subjected to the cleavage by *** S1/S2 cleavage facilitates more assessable RBD to the receptor ACE2,and the binding triggers further conformational changes and exposure of the S2'site to proteases such as type Il transmembrane serine proteases(TTPRs)including *** the presence of TMPRSS2 on the target cells,SARS-CoV-2 can utilize a direct entry route by fusion of the viral envelope to the cellular *** the absence of TMPRSS2,SARS-CoV-2 enter target cells via endosomes where multiple cathepsins cleave the S for the successful *** host proteases involved in the cleavage of the S were *** article also includes roles of 3C-like protease inhibitors which have inhibitory activity against cathepsin L in the entry of SARS-CoV-2,and discussed the dual roles of such inhibitors in virus replication.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein(S) Host proteases Cleavage site Virus entry

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Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy and chronic wasting disease:two sides of the prion coin

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 1-18页

作者： Nicholas J.Haley Juergen A.Richt department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Graduate StudiesMidwestern UniversityGlendaleAZUSA department of diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies(TSEs)are a group of progressive and ultimately fatal neurologic diseases of man and animals,all resulting from the propagated misfolding of the host's normal cellular prion *** diseases can be spontaneous,heritable,anthropogenic/iatrogenic,or in some cases horizontally transmissible,and include such notable TSEs as bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE)of cattle and chronic wasting disease(CWD)of *** they are both unequivocally protein misfolding disorders,they differ markedly in their pathogenesis,transmissibility,and zoonotic *** the BSE epidemic has largely abated over the past three decades following global feed bans on ruminant meat and bone meal,CWD,which is readily transmitted through various forms of excreta,has rapidly expanded from its original endemic zone to encompass much of North America,along with recently identified foci in *** importantly,although the classical form of BSE has proven transmissible to humans consuming contaminated beef or beef products,so far there have been no conclusive reports on the zoonotic transmission of cWD to *** underlying basis for these differences-whether host or agent directed-are not well understood,though may be due to inherent differences in the three-dimensional structure of the misfolded BSE or CWD prion proteins or the expression levels and tissue distribution of respective cellular prion *** the uncontrolled geographic spread of CWD,it is imperative that we improve our understanding of the factors governing prion disease pathogenesis,transmission,and zoonotic potential.

关键词： Prion Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission Pathogenesis Zoonosis

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A nanobody-based blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies against pseudorabies virus glycoprotein E

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1354-1368页

作者： Huanhuan Lü Pinpin Ji Siyu Liu Ziwei Zhang Lei Wang Yani Sun Baoyuan Liu Lizhen Wang Qin Zhao department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F University/Shaanxi Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic TechnologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangling 712100China

Pseudorabies(PR)is an acute infectious disease of pigs caused by the PR virus(PRV)and results in great economic losses to the pig industry *** glycoprotein E(gE)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)has been used to distinguish gE-deleted vaccine-immunized pigs from wild-type virus-infected pigs to eradicate PR in some *** has the advantages of small size and easy genetic engineering and has been a promising diagnostic ***,there were few reports about developing nanobody-based ELISA for detecting anti-PRV-gE *** the present study,the recombinant PRV-gE was expressed with a bacterial system and used to immunize the Bactrian ***,two nanobodies against PRV-gE were screened from the immunized camel by phage display ***,two nanobody-HRP fusion proteins were expressed with HEK293T *** PRV-gE-Nb36-HRP fusion protein was selected as the probe for developing the blocking ELISA(bELISA)to detect anti-PRV-gE *** optimizing the conditions of bELISA,the amount of coated antigen was 200 ng per well,and dilutions of the fusion protein and tested pig sera were separately 1:320 and 1:*** cut-off value of bELISA was 24.20%,and the sensitivity and specificity were 96.43 and 92.63%,*** detecting 233 clinical pig sera with the developed bELISA and a commercial kit,the results showed that the coincidence rate of two assays was 93.99%.Additionallly,epitope mapping showed that PRV-gE-Nb36 recognized a conserved conformational epitope in different reference PRV ***,great stability and low-cost nanobody-based bELISA for detecting anti-PRV-gE antibodies were *** bELISA could be used for monitoring and eradicating PR.

关键词： nanobody nanobody-HRP blocking ELISA PRV-gE antibody

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Myocardial metastasis from ZEB1-and TWIST-positive spindle cell carcinoma of the esophagus:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1636-1643页

作者： Yoshihiro Shibata Hirofumi Ohmura Kazuki Komatsu Kosuke Sagara Atsuji Matsuyama Ryuji Nakano Eishi Baba department of Medical Oncology Fukuoka Wajiro HospitalFukuoka 811-0213Japan department of Oncology and Social Medicine Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical SciencesFukuoka 812-8582Japan department of Pathology and Oncology University of Occupational and Environmental HealthKitakyushu 807-8555Japan department of diagnostic Pathology Fukuoka Wajiro HospitalFukuoka 811-0213Japan

BACKGROUND Metastatic cardiac tumors are known to occur more frequently than primary cardiac tumors,however,they often remain asymptomatic and are commonly dis-covered on *** tumors with a relatively high frequency of cardiac metastasis include mesothelioma,melanoma,lung cancer,and breast cancer,whereas reports of esophageal cancer with cardiac metastasis are *** SUMMARY The case of a 60-year-old man who complained of dysphagia is *** gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a submucosal tumor-like elevated lesion in the esophagus causing ***-enhanced computed tomography showed left atrial compression due to the esophageal tumor,multiple liver and lung metastases,and a left pleural *** examination of a biopsy speci-men from the esophageal tumor showed spindle-shaped cells,raising suspicion of esophageal *** disease progressed rapidly,and systemic chemotherapy was deemed necessary,however,due to his poor general condition,adminis-tration of cytotoxic agents was considered *** his high Combined Positive Score,nivolumab was administered,however,the patient soon died from the *** autopsy confirmed spindle cell carcinoma(SCC)of the esophagus and cardiac metastasis with similar histological *** stem cell markers,ZEB1 and TWIST,were positive in both the primary tumor and the cardiac *** To the best of our knowledge,there have been no prior reports of cardiac metastasis of esophageal *** case highlights our experience with a patient with esophageal SCC who progressed rapidly and died from the disease,with the autopsy examination showing cardiac metastasis.

关键词： Spindle cell carcinoma Esophagus Myocardial metastasis Epithelial-mesenchymal transition Case report

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