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Review of deep learning and artificial intelligence models in fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第16期11卷 3725-3735页

作者： Farzan Vahedifard Jubril O Adepoju Mark Supanich Hua Asher Ai Xuchu Liu Mehmet Kocak Kranthi K Marathu Sharon E Byrd department of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine Rush Medical CollegeChicagoIL 606012United States division for diagnostic Medical physics Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 606012United States

Central nervous system abnormalities in fetuses are fairly common,happening in 0.1%to 0.2%of live births and in 3%to 6%of *** initial detection and categorization of fetal Brain abnormalities are *** detecting and segmenting fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)could be timeconsuming,and susceptible to interpreter *** intelligence(AI)algorithms and machine learning approaches have a high potential for assisting in the early detection of these problems,improving the diagnosis process and follow-up *** use of AI and machine learning techniques in fetal brain MRI was the subject of this narrative review *** AI,anatomic fetal brain MRI processing has investigated models to predict specific landmarks and segmentation *** gestation age weeks(17-38 wk)and different AI models(mainly Convolutional Neural Network and U-Net)have been *** models'accuracy achieved 95%and *** could help preprocess and postprocess fetal images and reconstruct ***,AI can be used for gestational age prediction(with one-week accuracy),fetal brain extraction,fetal brain segmentation,and placenta *** fetal brain linear measurements,such as Cerebral and Bone Biparietal Diameter,have been *** of brain pathology was studied using diagonal quadratic discriminates analysis,Knearest neighbor,random forest,naive Bayes,and radial basis function neural network *** learning methods will become more powerful as more large-scale,labeled datasets become *** shared fetal brain MRI datasets is crucial because there aren not many fetal brain pictures ***,physicians should be aware of AI's function in fetal brain MRI,particularly neuroradiologists,general radiologists,and perinatologists.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Fetal brain Magnetic resonance imaging Neuroimaging

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Transarterial chemoembolization using degradable starch microspheres and iodized oil in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: evaluation of tumor response, toxicity, and survival

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2007年第3期6卷 259-266页

作者： Timm D Kirchhoff Joerg S Bleck Arne Dettmer Ajay Chavan Herbert Rosenthal Sonja Merkesdal Bernd Frericks Lars Zender Nisar P Malek Tim F Greten Stefan Kubicka Michael P Manns Michael Galanski department of diagnostic radiology Hannover Medical School Germany department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology Hannover Medical School Germany department of diagnostic and Interventional radiology Klinikum Oldenburg Germany division of Rheumatology Hannover Medical School Germany department of radiology and nuclear medicine Campus B.F-Charité-University Medicine Berlin Germany

BACKGROUND: In a multidisciplinary conference patients with advanced non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were stratified according to their clinical status and tumor extent to different regional modalities or to best supportive care. The present study evaluated all patients who were stratified to repeated transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) from 1999 until 2003 in terms of tumor response, toxicity, and survival. A moderate embolizing approach was chosen using a combination of degradable starch microspheres (DSM) and iodized oil (Lipiodol) in order to combine anti-tumoral efficiency and low toxicity. METHODS: Fourty-seven patients were followed up prospectively. TACE treatment consisted of cisplatin (50 mg/m2), doxorubicin (50 mg/m2), 450-900 mg DSM, and 5-30 ml Lipiodol. DSM and Lipiodol were administered according to tumor vascularization. Patient characteristics,toxicity, and complications were outlined. In multivariate regression analyses of pre-treatment variables from a prospective database, predictors for tumor response and survival after TACE were determined. RESULTS: 112 TACE courses were performed (2.4±1.5 courses per patient). Mean maximum tumor size was 75 (± 43) mm, in 68% there was bilobar disease. Best response to TACE treatment was: progressive disease (PD) 9%, stable disease (SD) 55%, partial remission (PR) 36%, and complete remission (CR) 0%. Multivariate regression analyses identified tumor size ≤75 mm, tumor number ≤5, and tumor hypervascularization as predictors for PR. The overall 1-, 2-, and 3-year-survival rates were 75%, 59%, and 41%, respectively, and the median survival was 26 months. Low α-fetoprotein levels (30 months, R2=36%). Grade 3 toxicity occurred in 7.1% (n=8), and grade 4 toxicity in 3.6% (n=4) of all courses in terms of reversible leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The incidence of major

关键词： carcinoma, hepatocellular transarterial chemoembolization degradable starch microspheres Lipiodol tumor response survival

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Initial experience from a combination of systemic and regional chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with nonresectable cholangiocellular carcinoma in the liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第8期11卷 1091-1095页

作者： Timm Kirchhoff Lars Zender Sonja Merkesdal Bernd Frericks Nisar Malek Joerg Bleck Stefan Kubicka Stefan Baus Ajay Chavan Michael P.Manns Michael Galanski department of diagnostic radiology department of Gastroenterology division of Rheumatology department of radiology and nuclear medicine

AIM: In nonresectable cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC)therapeutic options are limited. Recently, systemic chemotherapy has shown response rates of up to 30%.Additional regional therapy of the arterially hyper vascularized hepatic tumors might represent a rational approach in an attempt to further improve response and palliation. Hence, a protocol combining transarterial chemoembolization and systemic chemotherapy was applied in patients with CCC limited to the ***: Eight patients (6 women, 2 men, mean age 62 years) with nonresectable CCC received systemic chemotherapy (gemcitabine 1 000 mg/m2) and additional transarterial chemoembolization procedures (50 mg/m2cisplatin, 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin, up to 600 mg degradable starch microspheres). Clinical follow-up of patients, tumor markers, CT and ultrasound were performed to evaluate maximum response and ***: Both systemic and regional therapies were tolerated well; no severe toxicity (WHO Ⅲ/Ⅳ) was encountered. Nausea and fever were the most commonly observed side effects. A progressive rarefication of the intrahepatic arteries limited the maximum number of chemoembolization procedures in 4 patients. A median of 2 chemoembolization cycles (range, 1-3) and a median of 6.5 gemcitabine cycles (range, 4-11) were *** responses were not achieved. As maximum response, partial responses were achieved in 3 cases,stable diseases in 5 cases. Two patients died from progressive disease after 9 and 10 mo. Six patients are still alive. The current median survival is 12 mo (range, 9-18); the median time to tumor progression is 7 mo (range, 3-18). Seven patients suffered from tumor-related symptoms prior to therapy, 3 of these experienced a treatment-related clinical relief. In one patient the tumor became resectable under therapy and was successfully removed after 10 ***: The present results indicate that a combination of systemic gemcitabine therapy and repeated regional chemoembolizati

关键词： Cholangiocellular carcinoma Gemcitabine Intraarterial chemoembolization

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Sofosbuvir/Ribavirin therapy for patients experiencing failure of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + ribavirin therapy: Two cases report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第9期7卷 1043-1052页

作者： Ken Sato Yuichi Yamazaki Takeshi Kobayashi Satoshi Takakusagi Norio Horiguchi Satoru Kakizaki Masayasu Andou Yoshihiro Matsuda Toshio Uraoka Hiroshi Ohnishi Hiroaki Okamoto department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine department of Nephrology and Rheumatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine department of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine division of Virology Department of Infection and Immunity Jichi Medical University School of Medicine

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of sofosbuvir/ribavirin(SOF/RBV) combination therapy,which is one of the 1 st-choice therapeutic options for patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotype 2(HCV-G2) in Japan according to the most recent version of the Japan Society of Hepatology guideline, for patients who experienced failure of the ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus ribavirin(OBV/PTV/r+RBV) combination therapy, which was another option for patients with HCV-G2, is *** SUMMARY We evaluated the effects of SOF/RBV combination therapy in two patients with genotype 2 a who could not achieve a sustained virological response(SVR) by OBV/PTV/r+RBV combination therapy. One patient was complicated with VogtKoyanagi-Harada(VKH) disease. Resistance-associated variations before SOF/RBV combination therapy were not detected in two patients. Both patients had an SVR at 12 wk after the treatment(SVR12). Regarding adverse events(AEs), itching, chill, a dull feeling in the throat and cough as well as increase of alanine transaminase level were shown in one patient, while a headache and deterioration of light aversion probably due to the recurrence of VKH disease were shown in the other patients. In addition, the latter patient developed arthralgia and morning stiffness approximately 7 wk after the therapy and turned out to be diagnosed with rheumatoid *** SOF/RBV therapy might be effective for patients experiencing failure of OBV/PTV/r+RBV therapy, but caution should be taken regarding the AEs.

关键词： Direct-acting antiviral agent failure Hepatitis C Genotype 2 Ribavirin Sofosbuvir Case report

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Structural control of magnetic nanoparticles for positive nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第10期35卷 17-28页

作者： Zulaikha Ali Yunfei Zhang Michael GKaul Billy Truong Deepika Bhanot Gerhard Adam Yuan-Yuan Li He Wei department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State UniversityFresnoCA 93740USA department of diagnostic and Interventional radiology and nuclear medicine Center for Radiology and EndoscopyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Chemical Sciences division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA

In addition to the tens of millions of medical doses consumed annually around the world,a vast number of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)contrast agents are being deployed in MRI research and development,offering precise diagnostic information,targeting capabilities,and analyte *** iron oxide nanoparticles(SPIONs)are notable among these agents,providing effective and versatile MRI applications while also being heavy-metal-free,bioconjugatable,and *** designed and implemented a novel two-pronged computational and experimental strategy to meet the demand for the efficient and rigorous development of SPION-based MRI *** MATLAB-based modeling simulation and magnetic characterization revealed that extremely small maghemite SPIONs in the 1-3 nm range possess significantly reduced transversal relaxation rates(R_(2))and are therefore preferred for positive(T_(1)-weighted)***,X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure analyses demonstrated that the diffraction pattern and radial distribution function of our SPIONs matched those of the targeted maghemite *** addition,simulations of the X-ray near-edge structure spectra indicated that our synthesized SPIONs,even at 1 nm,maintained a spherical ***,in vitro and in vivo MRI investigations showed that our 1-nm SPIONs effectively highlighted whole-body blood vessels and major organs in mice and could be cleared through the kidney route to minimize potential post-imaging side ***,our innovative approach enabled a swift discovery of the desired SPION structure,followed by targeted synthesis,synchrotron radiation spectroscopic studies,and MRI *** efficient and rigorous development of our high-performance SPIONs can set the stage for a computational and experimental platform for the development of future MRI agents.

关键词： Magnetic nanoparticles Structure control nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Modeling simulation X-ray absorption fine structure

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基于人群筛查的数字钼靶摄影与乳腺体层摄影中乳腺密度对诊断性能的影响

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国际医学放射学杂志 2019年第6期 734-735页

作者： B.H.?ster?s A.C.T.Martinsen R.Gullien P.Skaane 徐文达 department of diagnostic physics and division of radiology and nuclear medicine Oslo University Hospital

摘要目的根据容积密度、年龄和乳腺摄影的结果,比较数字化乳腺摄影(DM)与乳腺体层摄影(DBT)的真阳性和假阳性结果。材料与方法从2010年11月—2012年12月

关键词：乳腺密度年龄组钼靶摄影体层摄影人群筛查

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CD98 is a promising prognostic biomarker in biliary tract cancer

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2014年第6期13卷 654-657页

作者： Kyoichi Kaira Yutaka Sunose Noboru Oriuchi Yoshikatsu Kanai Izumi Takeyoshi department of medicine and Molecular Science Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Showa-machi Maebashi Gunma Japan department of Thoracic and Visceral Surgery Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Showa-machi Maebashi Gunma Japan department of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Showa-machi Maebashi Gunma Japan division of Biosystem Pharmacology Department of Pharmacology Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan

ABSTRACT： CD98 has been described to play a crucial role in tumor progression and survival. However, the role of CD98 in biliary tract cancer remains unclear. We found that 36.7% of all patients with biliary tract cancer had a high CD98 expression. Statistical analysis using Spearman＇s rank correlation showed that CD98 was significantly correlated with L-type amino acid transporter 1 （LAT1, r=0.562, P〈0.001）, Ki-67 （r=0.230, P=0.006） and CD34 （r=0.290, P=0.005）. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a high CD98 expression was an independent prognostic factor for predicting poor outcome. CD98 is closely associated with tumor growth, biological aggressiveness, and survival of patients. With these data we proposed that CD98 expression is necessary for the development and pathogenesis of biliary tract cancer.

关键词： CD98 biliary tract cancer amino acid transporter prognostic factor

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Contemporary approaches for imaging skeletal metastasis

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Bone Research 2015年第2期3卷 59-71页

作者： David Ulmert Lilja Solnes Daniel LJ Thorek Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center department of Surgery Sk?ne University Hospital division of nuclear medicine Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

The skeleton is a common site of cancer metastasis. Notably high incidences of bone lesions are found for breast, prostate, and renal carcinoma. Malignant bone tumors result in significant patient morbidity. Identification of these lesions is a critical step to accurately stratify patients, guide treatment course, monitor disease progression, and evaluate response to therapy. Diagnosis of cancer in the skeleton typically relies on indirect bone-targeted radiotracer uptake at sites of active bone remodeling. In this manuscript, we discuss established and emerging tools and techniques for detection of bone lesions, quantification of skeletal tumor burden, and current clinical challenges.

关键词： bone Contemporary approaches for imaging skeletal metastasis

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Variation in patient dose due to differences in calibration and dosimetry protocols

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nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第5期29卷 44-49页

作者： Wazir Muhammad Asad Ullah Gulzar Khan Tahir Zeb Khan Tauseef Jamaal Fawad Ullah Matiullah Khan Amjad Hussain department of Therapeutic radiology Yale-School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520-8040USA Heath physics division(HPD) Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology(PINSTECH)Islamabad 45650Pakistan department of physics Abul Wali Khan UniversityMardan 23200Pakistan Pakistan Institute nuclear Science&Technology(PIEAS) Islamabad 45650Pakistan department of physics Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat 26000Pakistan department of Medical physics CancerCare ManitobaBrandonMB R7A 2B3Canada

For precise and accurate patient dose delivery,the dosimetry system must be calibrated properly according to the recommendations of standard dosimetry protocols such as TG-51 and TRS-398. However, the dosimetry protocol followed by a calibration laboratory is usually different from the protocols that are followed by different clinics, which may result in variations in the patient *** prime objective in this study was to investigate the effect of the two protocols on dosimetry *** measurements were performed for a Co-60 teletherapy unit and a high-energy Varian linear accelerator with 6 and 15 MV photon and 6, 9, 12, and 15 MeV electron beams, following the recommendations and procedures of the AAPM TG-51 and IAEA TRS-398 dosimetry protocols. The dosimetry systems used for this study were calibrated in a Co-60 radiation beam at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory(SSDL) PINSTECH,Pakistan, following the IAEA TRS-398 protocol. The ratio of the measured absorbed doses to water in clinical setting,D_w(TG-51/TRS-398), was 0.999 and 0.997 for 6 and15 MV photon beams,whereas these ratios were 1.013,1.009, 1.003, and 1.000 for 6, 9, 12, and 15 MeV electron beams, respectively. This difference in the absorbed dosesto-water D_w ratio may be attributed mainly due to beam quality(K_Q) and ion recombination correction factor.

关键词： Radiation dosimetry Dosimetry systems calibrations Patient dose Absorbed dose-to-water ratio AAPM TG-51 IAEA TRS-398

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Endocrine radionuclide scintigraphy with fusion single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography

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World Journal of radiology 2016年第6期8卷 635-655页

作者： Ka-Kit Wong Arpit Gandhi Benjamin L Viglianti Lorraine M Fig Domenico Rubello Milton D Gross division of nuclear medicine Department of RadiologyUniversity of Michigan nuclear medicine Service VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System radiology Service VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System department of nuclear medicine RadiologyNeuro RadiologyMedical PhysicsSanta Maria della Misericordia Hospital

AIM: To review the benefits of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)/computed tomography(CT) hybrid imaging for diagnosis of various endocrine ***: We performed MEDLINE and Pub Med searches using the terms: "SPECT/CT"; "functional anatomic mapping"; "transmission emission tomography"; "parathyroid adenoma"; "thyroid cancer"; "neuroendocrine tumor"; "adrenal"; "pheochromocytoma"; "paraganglioma"; in order to identify relevant articles published in English during the years 2003 to 2015. Reference lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent articles. Retrieved manuscripts(case reports, reviews, meta-analyses and abstracts) concerning the application of SPECT/CT to endocrine imaging were analyzed to provide a descriptive synthesis of the utility of this ***: The emergence of hybrid SPECT/CT camera technology now allows simultaneous acquisition of combined multi-modality imaging, with seamless fusion of three-dimensional volume datasets. The usefulness of combining functional information to depict the biodistribution of radiotracers that map cellular processes of the endocrine system and tumors of endocrine origin, with anatomy derived from CT, has improved the diagnostic capability of scintigraphy for a range of disorders of endocrine gland function. The literature describes benefits of SPECT/CT for ^(99m)Tc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy and ^(99m)Tc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy, ^(123)I- or ^(131)I-radioiodine for staging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, ^(111)In- and ^(99m)Tclabeled somatostatin receptor analogues for detection of neuroendocrine tumors, ^(131)I-norcholesterol(NP-59) scans for assessment of adrenal cortical hyperfunction, and ^(123)I- or ^(131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging for evaluation of pheochromocytoma and ***: SPECT/CT exploits the synergism between the functional information from radiopharmaceutical imaging and anatomy from CT, translating

关键词： Parathyroid adenoma Neuroendocrine tumor Single photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography Single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography Thyroid cancer Pheochromocytoma Paraganglioma

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