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A fiducial approach to the nonparametric deconvolution problem:The discrete case

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第11期67卷 2653-2670页

作者： Yifan Cui Jan Hannig Center for Data Science Zhejiang University department of Statistics and operations Research University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Fiducial inference is applied to nonparametric g-modeling in the discrete *** propose a computationally efficient algorithm to sample from the fiducial distribution and use the generated samples to construct point estimates and confidence *** study the theoretical properties of the fiducial distribution and perform extensive simulations in various *** proposed approach gives rise to good statistical performance in terms of the mean squared error of point estimators and coverage of confidence ***,we apply the proposed fiducial method to estimate the probability of each satellite site being malignant using gastric adenocarcinoma data with 844 patients.

关键词： confidence intervals empirical Bayes fiducial inference nonparametric deconvolution

Patients Transportation in Surgery Scheduling Problem

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第3期37卷 1100-1113页

作者： CHIKHI Nacira DJEHICHE Boualem department of operations Research Faculty of MathematicsUniversity of Science and Technology USTHBBab-Ezzouar 161llAlgeria department of Mathematics KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10044 StockholmSweden

The scheduling problem in surgery is difficult because, in addition of the planning of the operating rooms which are the most expensive resources in hospitals, each surgery requires a combination of human and material resources. In this paper, the authors address a surgery scheduling problem which arises in operated health care facility. Moreover, the authors consider simultaneously materiel and human resources. This problem is a three-stages flow shop scheduling environment. The first stage(ward) contains a limited number of resources of the same type(beds);The second stage contains different resources with limited capacity(operating rooms, surgeons, nurses, anesthesiologists)and the third stage contains a limited number of recovery beds. There is also a limited number of transporters(porters) between the ward and the other stages. The objective of the problem is to minimize the completion time of the last patient(makespan). The authors formulate this NP-Hard problem in a mixed integer programming model and conduct computational experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed model.

关键词： Makespan patient scheduling surgery transport

BPaL/BpaLM regimen:A bright future for drug-resistant tuberculosis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第8期17卷 335-337页

作者： Oki Nugraha Putra Telly Purnamasari department of clinical and Community Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyHang Tuah UniversitySurabayaIndonesia Pre-clinical and clinical Studies National Research and Innovation AgencyBogorWest JavaIndonesia

Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest burden of tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis(DR-TB)across the *** on data from the World Health Organization(WHO)Global TB Report 2023,it is estimated that there are 10000 cases of DR-TB in ***,a novel antitubercular drug,has been implemented to treat DR-TB *** was administered either a shorter(9 months)or individualized treatment regimen(18 months).However,long treatment duration with various adverse events affects patient ***,a short treatment with less medication is urgently *** 2022,the WHO announced an alternative regimen-bedaquiline,pretomanid,linezolid,and moxifloxacin(BPaLM)to treat DR-TB patients for six months without resistance to fluoroquinolones[1].This recommendation is based on previous clinical trials of TB,Zenix TB,and *** introduction of BPaL and BPaLM provided a bright future for treating DR-TB patients.

关键词： tuberculosis drug treatment

Endotoxin-induced alterations of adipose tissue function:a pathway to bovine metabolic stress

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1391-1407页

作者： Miguel Chirivi G.Andres Contreras department of Large Animal clinical Sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA

During the periparturient period, dairy cows exhibit negative energy balance due to limited appetite and increased energy requirements for lactogenesis. The delicate equilibrium between energy availability and expenditure puts cows in a state of metabolic stress characterized by excessive lipolysis in white adipose tissues(AT), increased production of reactive oxygen species, and immune cell dysfunction. Metabolic stress, especially in AT, increases the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Around parturition, cows are also susceptible to endotoxemia. Bacterial-derived toxins cause endotoxemia by promoting inflammatory processes and immune cell infiltration in different organs and systems while impacting metabolic function by altering lipolysis, mitochondrial activity, and insulin sensitivity. In dairy cows, endotoxins enter the bloodstream after overcoming the defense mechanisms of the epithelial barriers, particularly during common periparturient conditions such as mastitis, metritis, and pneumonia, or after abrupt changes in the gut microbiome. In the bovine AT, endotoxins induce a pro-inflammatory response and stimulate lipolysis in AT, leading to the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream. When excessive and protracted, endotoxin-induced lipolysis can impair adipocyte's insulin signaling pathways and lipid synthesis. Endotoxin exposure can also induce oxidative stress in AT through the production of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells and other cellular components. This review provides insights into endotoxins' impact on AT function, highlighting the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction, its connection with periparturient cows' disease risk, and the need to develop effective interventions to prevent and treat endotoxemia-related inflammatory conditions in dairy cattle.

关键词： Adipose tissue dysfunction Endotoxin Inflammation Insulin resistance

Expect the unexpected:Brown tumor of the mandible as the first manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism

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World Journal of clinical Cases 2024年第7期12卷 1200-1204页

作者： Ana Majic Tengg Maja Cigrovski Berkovic Ivan Zajc Ivan Salaric Danko Müller Iva Markota department of Endocrinology DiabetesMetabolic Diseases and Clinical PharmacologyClinical Hospital DubravaZagreb 10000Croatia department for Sport and Exercise Medicine Faculty of Kinesiology University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia department of Oral Surgery Clinical Hospital DubravaZagreb 10000Croatia University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine Zagreb 10000Croatia clinical department of Pathology and Cytology Clinical Hospital DubravaZagreb 10000Croatia

Hyperparathyroidism(HPT)is a condition in which one or more parathyroid glands produce increased levels of parathyroid hormone(PTH),causing disturbances in calcium *** commonly HPT presents with asymptomatic hypercalcemia but the clinical spectrum may include disturbances reflecting the combined effects of increased PTH secretion and *** tumors are rare,benign,tumor-like bone lesions,occurring in 1.5%to 4.5%of patients with HPT,as a complication of an uncontrolled disease pathway,and are nowadays rarely seen in clinical *** tumor can appear either as a solitary or multifocal lesion and usually presents as an asymptomatic swelling or a painful exophytic ***,it can cause a pathological fracture or skeletal pain and be radiologically described as a lytic bone *** diagnosis of a brown tumor in HPT is typically confirmed by assessing the levels of serum calcium,phosphorus,and *** when present,brown tumor is quite pathognomonic for HPT,the histologic finding often suggests a giant cell tumor,while clinical presentation might suggest other more frequent pathologies such as metastatic *** of brown tumors frequently focuses on managing the underlying HPT,which can often lead to regression and resolution of the lesion,without the need for surgical ***,in refractory cases or when dealing with large symptomatic lesions,surgical treatment may be necessary.

关键词： Brown tumor Hyperparathyroidism Lytic bone lesions Giant cell tumor

clinical applications of metagenomics next-generation sequencing in infectious diseases

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第6期25卷 471-484页

作者： Ying LIU Yongjun MA department of clinical Laboratory Affiliated Jinhua HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineJinhua 321000China

Infectious diseases are a great threat to human *** and accurate detection of pathogens is important in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious *** next-generation sequencing(mNGS)is an unbiased and comprehensive approach for detecting all RNA and DNA in a *** the development of sequencing and bioinformatics technologies,mNGS is moving from research to clinical application,which opens a new avenue for pathogen *** studies have revealed good potential for the clinical application of mNGS in infectious diseases,especially in difficult-to-detect,rare,and novel ***,there are several hurdles in the clinical application of mNGS,such as:(1)lack of universal workflow validation and quality assurance;(2)insensitivity to high-host background and low-biomass samples;and(3)lack of standardized instructions for mass data analysis and report ***,a complete understanding of this new technology will help promote the clinical application of mNGS to infectious *** review briefly introduces the history of next-generation sequencing,mainstream sequencing platforms,and mNGS workflow,and discusses the clinical applications of mNGS to infectious diseases and its advantages and disadvantages.

关键词： Metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS) Infectious disease Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT) Microbiome

Interaction between systemic iron parameters and left ventricular structure and function in the preserved ejection fraction population:a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第1期21卷 64-80页

作者： Xiong-Bin MA Yong-Ming LIU Yan-Lin LV Lin QIAN The First clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University LanzhouGansuChina Geriatric Cardiovascular department and Gansu clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityGansuChina

BACKGROUND Left ventricular(LV)remodeling and diastolic function in people with heart failure(HF)are correlated with iron status;however,the causality is *** Mendelian randomization(MR)study investigated the bidirectional causal relationship between systemic iron parameters and LV structure and function in a preserved ejection fraction *** Transferrin saturation(TSAT),total iron binding capacity(TIBC),and serum iron and ferritin levels were extracted as instrumental variables for iron parameters from meta-analyses of public genome-wide association *** without myocardial infarction history,HF,or LV ejection fraction(LVEF)<50%(n=16,923)in the UK Biobank Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study constituted the outcome *** dataset included LV end-diastolic volume,LV endsystolic volume,LV mass(LVM),and LVM-to-end-diastolic volume ratio(LVMVR).We used a two-sample bidirectional MR study with inverse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analysis method and estimation methods using different algorithms to improve the robustness of the *** In the IVW analysis,one standard deviation(SD)increased in TSAT significantly correlated with decreased LVMVR(β=-0.1365;95%confidence interval[CI]:-0.2092 to-0.0638;P=0.0002)after Bonferroni ***,no significant relationships were observed between other iron and LV *** Bonferroni correction,reverse MR analysis showed that one SD increase in LVEF significantly correlated with decreased TSAT(β=-0.0699;95%CI:-0.1087 to-0.0311;P=0.0004).No heterogeneity or pleiotropic effects evidence was observed in the *** We demonstrated a causal relationship between TSAT and LV remodeling and function in a preserved ejection fraction population.

关键词： fraction function parameters

Kelp Fucoidans Facilitate Vascular Recanalization via Inhibiting Excessive Activation of Platelet in Deep Venous Thrombosis Model of Mouse

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 550-556页

作者： SUN Taohua LIU Jie YAN Taishan CHEN Anjin ZHANG Fang department of clinical Drug Trials Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao 266100China department of Pharmacy Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao 266100China

This study was carried out explore the mechanism underlying the inhibition of platelet activation by kelp fucoidans in deep venous thrombosis(DVT)*** the control and sham mice,the walls of deep vein were regular and smooth with intact intima,myometrium and *** blood vessel was wrapped with the tissue and there was no thrombosis in the *** the DVT model,the wall was uneven with thicken intima,myometrium and *** treated with fucoidans LF1 and LF2,the thrombus was dissolved and the blood vessel was *** with the control group,the ROS content,ET-1 and VWF content and the expression of PKC-βand NF-κB in the model were significantly higher(P<0.05);these levels were significantly reduced following treatments with LF2 and *** with H_(2)O_(2)treated-HUVECs,combined LF1 and LF2 treatment resulted in significant decrease in the expression of PKC-β,NF-κB,VWF and TM protein(P<0.05).It is clear that LF1 and LF2 reduces DVT-induced ET-1,VWF and TM expressions and production of ROS,thus inhibiting the activation of PKC-β/NF-κB signal pathway and the activation of coagulation system and ultimately reducing the formation of venous thrombus.

关键词： kelp fucoidans LF1 LF2 deep vein thrombosis platelet

Pathological mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1036-1044页

作者： Yushu Hu Wenzhi Chen Caihui Wei Shishi Jiang Shu Li Xinxin Wang Renshi Xu department of clinical Medicine Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina department of Neurology Jiangxi Provincial People’s HospitalNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeThe Clinical College of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis refers to a neurodegenerative disease involving the motor system,the cause of which remains unexplained despite several years of ***,the journey to understanding or treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is still a long *** to current research,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely not due to a single factor but rather to a combination of mechanisms mediated by complex interactions between molecular and genetic *** progression of the disease involves multiple cellular processes and the interaction between different complex mechanisms makes it difficult to identify the causative factors of amyotrophic lateral ***,we review the most common amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated pathogenic genes and the pathways involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,as well as summarize currently proposed potential mechanisms responsible for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease and their evidence for involvement in amyotrophic lateral *** addition,we discuss current emerging strategies for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral *** the emergence of these new therapies may help to further our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cellular pathways disease mechanisms motor neuron neurodegenerative disease