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Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De Groef Lieve Moons Steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

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Decline and fall of aging astrocytes:the human perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1713-1714页

作者： Alexei Verkhratsky Alexey Semyanov Faculty of biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK department of Neurosciences University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNEDLeioaSpain department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina department of Stem cell biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineVilniusLithuania International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan ProvinceChina department of physiology Jiaxing University College of MedicineJiaxingZhejiang ProvinceChina

“Last scene of all that ends this strange,eventful history,is second childishness and mere oblivion.I am sans teeth,sans eyes,sans taste,sans everything.”William Shakespeare‘As You Like It'Act 2,Sc.7,l.139Aging of the human brain is characterized by a progressive decline of its functional capacity;this decline however varies widely,and cognitive longevity differs substantially between individuals.

关键词： aging teeth progressive

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Epigenetics in the modern era of crop improvements

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Yan Xue Xiaofeng Cao Xiangsong Chen Xian Deng Xingwang Deng Yong Ding Aiwu Dong Chengguo Duan Xiaofeng Fang Lei Gong Zhizhong Gong Xiaofeng Gu Chongsheng He Hang He Shengbo He Xinjian He Yan He Yuehui He Guifang Jia Danhua Jiang Jianjun Jiang Jinsheng Lai Zhaobo Lang Chenlong Li Qing Li Xingwang Li Bao Liu Bing Liu Xiao Luo Yijun Qi Weiqiang Qian Guodong Ren Qingxin Song Xianwei Song Zhixi Tian Jiawei Wang Yuan Wang Liang Wu Zhe Wu Rui Xia Jun Xiao Lin Xu Zhengyi Xu Wenhao Yan Hongchun Yang Jixian Zhai Yijing Zhang Yusheng Zhao Xuehua Zhong Daoxiu Zhou Ming Zhou Yue Zhou Bo Zhu Jiankang Zhu Qikun Liu College of Life Sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Biotechnology Research institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of biology Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed Hunan University institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture South China Agricultural University National institute of Biological Sciences Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life Sciences Henan University State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding National Maize Improvement Center Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding China Agricultural University Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural University Sanya institute of China Agricultural University Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory institute of Advan

Epigenetic mechanisms are integral to plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Over the past two decades,our comprehension of these complex regulatory processes has expanded remarkably, producing a substantial body of knowledge on both locus-specific mechanisms and genome-wide regulatory patterns. Studies initially grounded in the model plant Arabidopsis have been broadened to encompass a diverse array of crop species, revealing the multifaceted roles of epigenetics in physiological and agronomic traits. With recent technological advancements, epigenetic regulations at the single-cell level and at the large-scale population level are emerging as new focuses. This review offers an in-depth synthesis of the diverse epigenetic regulations, detailing the catalytic machinery and regulatory functions. It delves into the intricate interplay among various epigenetic elements and their collective influence on the modulation of crop traits. Furthermore, it examines recent breakthroughs in technologies for epigenetic modifications and their integration into strategies for crop improvement. The review underscores the transformative potential of epigenetic strategies in bolstering crop performance, advocating for the development of efficient tools to fully exploit the agricultural benefits of epigenetic insights.

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Contribution of the ear and the flag leaf to grainfilling in durum wheat inferred from the carbon isotope signature: Genotypic and growing conditions effects

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2014年第5期56卷 444-454页

作者： Rut Sanchez-Bragado Abdelhalim Elazab Bangwei Zhou Maria Dolors Serret Jordi Bort Maria Teresa Nieto-Taladriz José Luis Araus Unit of plant physiology Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona National institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA)

The ear, together with the flag leaf, is believed to play a major role as a source of assimilates during grain filling in C3cereals. However, the intrusive nature of most of the available methodologies prevents reaching conclusive results in this regard. This study compares the carbon isotope composition（d13C） in its natural abundance in the water‐soluble fractions of the flag leaf blade and the ear with the d13C of mature kernels to assess the relative contribution of both organs to grain filling in durum wheat（Triticum turgidum L. ***）. The relative contribution of the ear was higher in landraces compared to modern cultivars, as well as in response to nitrogen fertilization and water stress. Such genotypic and environmentally driven differences were associated with changes in harvest index（HI）, with the relative contribution of the ear being negatively associated with HI. In the case of the genotypic differences, the lower relative contribution of the ear in modern cultivars compared with landraces is probably associated with the appearance in the former of a certain amount of source limitation driven by a higher HI. In fact, the relative contribution of the ear was far more responsive to changes in HI in modern cultivars compared with landraces.

关键词： Carbon isotope discrimination ear flag leaf grain filling harvest index photosynthesis

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Nutrient-hormone relations:Driving root plasticity in plants

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Molecular plant 2022年第1期15卷 86-103页

作者： Zhongtao Jia Ricardo F.H.Giehl Nicolaus von Wirén Molecular plant Nutrition Department of Physiology&Cell BiologyLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)Corrensstr.306466 Stadt SeelandOT GaterslebenGermany

Optimal plant development requires root uptake of 14 essential mineral elements from the *** the bioavailability of these nutrients underlies large variation in space and time,plants must dynamically adjust their root architecture to optimize nutrient access and *** information on external nutrient availability and whole-plant demand is translated into cellular signals that often involve phytohormones as intermediates to trigger a systemic or locally restricted developmental *** and extent of such local root responses depend on the overall nutritional status of the plant that is transmitted from shoots to roots in the form of phytohormones or other systemic long-distance *** integration of these systemic and local signals then determines cell division or elongation rates in primary and lateral roots,the initiation,emergence,or elongation of lateral roots,as well as the formation of root ***,we review the cascades of nutrient-related sensing and signaling events that involve hormones and highlight nutrient-hormone relations that coordinate root developmental plasticity in plants.

关键词： root development root plasticity nutrient sensing nutrient signaling plant hormones nutrient use efficiency

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Analysis of metabolic alterations in Arabidopsis following changes in the carbon dioxide and oxygen partial pressures

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2014年第9期56卷 941-959页

作者： Alexandra Florian Stefan Timm Zoran Nikoloski Takayuki Tohge Hermann Bauwe Wagner L.Araujo Alisdair R.Fernie Max Planck institute for Molecular plant physiology department of plant physiology University of Rostock Max-Planck Partner group at the Departament of plant biology Federal University of Vicosa

As sessile organisms,plants are subject to a multitude of environmental variations including several which directly affect their interaction with the *** the indiscriminant nature of Rubisco,the relative rates of photosynthesis and photorespiration are known to be responsive to changes in gas ***,comprehensive profiling methods have not yet been applied in order to characterize the wider consequences of these changes on primary metabolism in ***,although transcriptional profiling has revealed that a subset of photorespiratory enzymes are co-expressed,whether transcriptional responses play a role in short-term responses to atmospheric compositional changes remains *** address these questions,plants Arabidopsis thaliana（Arabidopsis） ecotype Columbia（Col-O） grown under normal air conditions were transferred to different CO_2 and O_2 concentrations and characterized at the physiological,molecular,and metabolic levels following this *** results reveal alterations in the components,which are directly involved in,or supporting,photorespiration,including transcripts and metabolite *** results further highlight that the majority of the regulation of these pathways is not mediated at the level of transcription and that the photorespiratory pathway is essential also in conditions in which flux through the pathway is minimized,yet suggest that flux through this pathway is not mediated at the level of transcription.

关键词： Carbon dioxide partial pressures gene expression metabolic profiling oxygen partial pressures

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The Heme-Binding Protein SOUL3 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Influences Size and Position of the Eyespot

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Molecular plant 2013年第3期6卷 931-944页

作者： Thomas Schulze Sandra Schreiber Dobromir Iliev Jens Boesger Jessica Trippens Georg Kreimer Maria Mittag institute of General Botany and plant physiology Friedrich Schiller University Jena 07743 Jena Germany department of biology Cell Biology Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen 91058 Erlangen Germany

The flagellated green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has a primitive visual system, the eyespot. It is situated at the cells equator and allows the cell to phototax. In a previous proteomic analysis of the eyespot, the SOUL3 protein was identified among 202 proteins. Here, we investigate the properties and functions of SOUL3. Heterologously expressed SOUL3 is able to bind specifically to hemin. In C. reinhardtii, SOUL3 is expressed at a constant level over the diurnal cycle, but forms protein complexes that differ in size during day and night phases. SOUL3 is primarily localized in the eyespot and it is situated in the pigment globule layer thereof. This is in contrast to the channelrhodopsin photoreceptors, which are localized in the plasma membrane region of the eyespot. Knockdown lines with a significantly reduced SOUL3 level are characterized by mislocalized eyespots, a decreased eyespot size, and alterations in phototactic behavior. Mislocalizations were either anterior or posterior and did not affect association with acetylated microtubules of the daughter four-membered rootlet. Our data suggest that SOUL3 is involved in the organization and placement of the eyespot within the cell.

关键词： Chlamydomonas reinhardtii eyespot heme-binding protein SOUL3.

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Hemipteran and dipteran pests: Effectors and plant host immune regulators

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2016年第4期58卷 350-361页

作者： Isgouhi Kaloshian Linda L.Walling institute of Integrative Genome biology and Center for plant cell biology University of California department of Nematology University of California department of Botany and plant Sciences University of California

Hemipteran and dipteran insects have behavioral,cellular and chemical strategies for evading or coping with the host plant defenses making these insects particularly destructive pests worldwide. A critical component of a host plant＇s defense to herbivory is innate immunity. Here we review the status of our understanding of the receptors that contribute to perception of hemipteran and dipteran pests and highlight the gaps in our knowledge in these early events in immune signaling. We also highlight recent advances in identification of the effectors that activate pattern-triggered immunity and those involved in effector-triggered immunity.

关键词： Aphids effectors endosymbionts Hessian fly planthoppers resistance genes

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Mechanisms of Small RNA Generation from Cis-NATs in Response to Environmental and Developmental Cues

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Molecular plant 2013年第3期6卷 704-715页

作者： Xiaoming Zhang Yifan Lii Zhigang Wu Anton Polishko Huiming Zhang Viswanathan Chinnusamy Stefano Lonardi Jian-Kang Zhu Renyi Liu Hailing Jin department of plant Pathology and Microbiology Center for Plant Cell Biology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA department of Botany and plant Sciences and institute for Integrative Genome biology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Computer Science and Engineering Center for Plant Cell Biology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Division of plant physiology Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110012 India Shanghai Center for plant Stress biology and institute of plant physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

ABSTRACT A large proportion of eukaryotic genomes is tranScribed from both positive and negative strands of DNA and thus may generate overlapping sense and antisense transcripts. Some of these so-called natural antisense transcripts （NATs） are possibly co-regulated. When the overlapping sense and antisense transcripts are expressed at the same time in the same cell in response to various developmental and environmental cues; they may form double-stranded RNAs, which could be recognized by the small RNA biogenesis machinery and processed into small interfering RNAs （siRNAs）. cis-NAT-derived siRNAs （nat-siRNAs） are present in plants, animals, and fungi. In plants, the presence of nat-siRNAs is supported not only by Northern blot and genetic analyses, but also by the fact that there is an overall sixfold enrichment of siRNAs in the overlapping regions of cis-NATs and 19%-29% of the siRNA-generating cis-NATs in plants give rise to siRNAs only in their overlapping regions. Silencing mediated by nat-siRNAs is one of the mechanisms for regulating the expression of the cis-NATs. This review focuses on challenging issues related to the biogenesis mechanisms as well as regulation and detection of nat-siRNAs. The advantages and limitations of new technologies for detecting cis-NATs, including direct RNA sequencing and strand-specific RNA sequencing, are also discussed.

关键词： gene expression gene regulation gene silencing.

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Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier Conjugating Enzyme with Active Site Mutation Acts as Dominant Negative Inhibitor of SUMO Conjugation in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative plant biology 2013年第1期55卷 75-82页

作者： Konstantin Tomanov Christian Hardtke Ruchika Budhiraja Rebecca Hermkes George Coupland Andreas Bachmair department of Biochemistry and cell biology Max F. Perutz Laboratories Center for Molecular Biology University of Vienna department of plant Molecular biology University of Lausanne department of plant Developmental biology Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research

Small ubiquitin-like modifier （SUMO） conjugation affects a broad range of processes in plants, including growth, flower initiation, pathogen defense, and responses to abiotic stress. Here, we investigate in vivo and in vitro a SUMO conjugating enzyme with a Cys to Ser change in the active site, and show that it has a dominant negative effect. In planta expression significantly perturbs normal development, leading to growth retardation, early flowering and gene expression changes. We suggest that the mutant protein can serve as a probe to investigate sumoylation, also in plants for which poor genetic infrastructure precludes analysis via loss-of-function mutants.

关键词： Agroinfection conjugating enzyme dominant-negative active site mutation small ubiquitin-like modifier conjugation small ubiquitin-like modifier.

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