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Dietary energy sources and levels shift the multi-kingdom microbiota and functions in the rumen of lactating dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1073-1088页

作者： Tansol Park Lu Ma Ying Ma Xiaoqiao Zhou Dengpan Bu Zhongtang Yu department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingP.R.China CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry BeijingP.R.China.

Background: Dietary energy source and level in lactation diets can profoundly affect milk yield and *** dietary effects on lactation performance are underpinned by alteration of the rumen microbiota, of which bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa may vary differently. However, few studies have examined all the four groups of rumen microbes. This study investigated the effect of both the level and source of dietary energy on rumen bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa in the rumen of lactating dairy cows. A 2 × 2 factorial design resulted in four dietary treatments: low and high dietary energy levels(LE: 1.52–1.53;and HE: 1.71–1.72 Mcal/kg dry matter) and two dietary energy sources(GC: finely ground corn;and SFC: steam-flaked corn). We used a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design using eight primiparous Chinese Holstein cows with each period lasting for 21 d. The rumen microbiota was analyzed using metataxonomics based on kingdom-specific phylogenetic markers [16 S r RNA gene for bacteria and archaea, 18 S r RNA gene for protozoa, and internally transcribed spacer 1(ITS1) for fungi] followed with subsequent functional prediction using ***: The GC resulted in a higher prokaryotic(bacterial and archaeal) species richness and Faith's phylogenetic diversity than SFC. For the eukaryotic(fungi and protozoa) microbiota, the LE diets led to significantly higher values of the above measurements than the HE diets. Among the major classified taxa, 23 genera across all the kingdoms differed in relative abundance between the two dietary energy levels, while only six genera(none being protozoal)were differentially abundant between the two energy sources. Based on prokaryotic amplicon sequence variants(ASVs) from all the samples, overall functional profiles predicted using PICRUSt2 differed significantly between LE and HE but not between the two energy sources. Fish Taco analysis identified Ruminococcus and Coprococcus as the taxa potentially contributing

关键词： Corn processing method Dietary energy level Functional profiles Multi-kingdom Rumen microbiota

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Variability of the bioluminescence characteristics of the Black Sea ctenophores-aliens in connection with different conditions of nutrition

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Advances in Bioscience and biotechnology 2013年第11期4卷 968-973页

作者： Mashukova Olga Tokarev Yuriy department of the Biophysical Ecology Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Sevastopol Ukraine

Many ecological-physiological characteristics of ctenophores-aliensMnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 and Beroe ovata Mayer, 1912 are studied quite well because they play a very important ecological role in the Black Sea ecosystem. However, bioluminescence, one of the most important elements of the ctenophores ecology and its connection with feeding regime were not studied sufficiently. Experiments have shown that characteristics of the ctenophores bioluminescence differed considerably in dependence of food supplies. Thus, amplitude and light-emitting energy of the fed ctenophores B. ovata are maximal, 3 times more than analogical indices of the just-caught individuals and 4 times more than ones of starving individuals. More prolonged flash signal (to 3.5 s), which exceeds light-emitting duration of the starving individuals twice, can be registered from the fed ctenophores. Investigation of the M. leidyi bioluminescence has shown that amplitude and light-emitting energy of the just-caught ctenophores were two times more than those of the starving individuals. At the same time, light-emitting amplitude of the fed individuals is 6.5 times and light-emitting energy is 3 - 4 times higher than that of the just-caught ctenophores. The light-emitting duration of the starving and justcaught organisms is practically the same. The most prolonged signal is registered from the fed ctenophores—up to 2.8 s. The data obtained testify that characteristics of the ctenophores bioluminescence can be conditioned not only by nutritional value but by the composition of the food as well.

关键词： Bioluminescence Beroe ovata Mnemiopsisleidyi Black Sea Nutrition

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Fetal and neonatal programming of postnatal growth and feed efficiency in swine

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 764-778页

作者： Yun Ji Zhenlong Wu Zhaolai Dai Xiaolong Wang Ju Li Binggen Wang Guoyao Wu State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193 China Henan Yinfa Animal Husbandry Co. Ltd. XinzhengHenan 451100 China department of Animal Science and Center for Animal Genomics Texas A&M University Room 212 College Station TX 77843 USA.

Maternal undernutrition or overnutrition during pregnancy alters organ structure, impairs prenatal and neonatal growth and development, and reduces feed efficiency for lean tissue gains in pigs. These adverse effects may be carried over to the next generation or beyond. This phenomenon of the transgenerational impacts is known as fetal programming, which is mediated by stable and heritable alterations of gene expression through covalent modifications of DNA and histones without changes in DNA sequences(namely, epigenetics). The mechanisms responsible for the epigenetic regulation of protein expression and functions include chromatin remodeling; DNA methylation(occurring at the 5′-position of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides); and histone modifications(acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination). Like maternal malnutrition, undernutrition during the neonatal period also reduces growth performance and feed efficiency(weight gain:feed intake; also known as weightgain efficiency) in postweaning pigs by 5–10%, thereby increasing the days necessary to reach the market bodyweight. Supplementing functional amino acids(e.g., arginine and glutamine) and vitamins(e.g., folate) play a key role in activating the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and regulating the provision of methyl donors for DNA and protein methylation. Therefore, these nutrients are beneficial for the dietary treatment of metabolic disorders in offspring with intrauterine growth restriction or neonatal malnutrition. The mechanism-based strategies hold great promise for the improvement of the efficiency of pork production and the sustainability of the global swine industry.

关键词： Epigenetics Fetal programming Gene expression Neonatal programming Nutrition

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CNV analysis of Meishan pig by nextgeneration sequencing and effects of AHR gene CNV on pig reproductive traits

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2020年第3期11卷 667-677页

作者： Xianrui Zheng Pengju Zhao Kaijie Yang Chao Ning Haifei Wang Lei Zhou Jianfeng Liu National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and ReproductionMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China department of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction and Molecular DesignCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China.

Background:Reproductive performance of livestock is an economically important aspect of global food *** Chinese Meishan pig is a prolific breed,with an average of three to five more piglets per litter than European breeds;however,the genetic basis for this difference is not well ***:In this study,we investigated copy number variations(CNVs)of 32 Meishan pigs and 29 Duroc pigs by nextgeneration sequencing.A genome-wide analysis of 61 pigs revealed 12,668 copy number variable regions(CNVRs)that were further divided into three categories based on copy number(CN)of the whole population,i.e.,gain(n=7,638),and loss(n=5,030)*** then compared Meishan and Duroc pigs and identified 17.17Mb of 6,387 CNVRs that only existing in Meishan pigs CNVRs that overlapped the reproduction-related gene encoding the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)*** found that normal AHR CN was more frequent than CN loss in four different pig *** association analysis showed that AHR CN had a positive effect on litter size(P<0.05)and that a higher CN was associated with higher total number born(P<0.05),number born alive(P<0.05),number of weaned piglets,and birth ***:The present study provides comprehensive CNVRs for Meishan and Duroc pigs through large-scale population *** results provide a supplement for the high-resolution map of copy number variation in the porcine genome and valuable information for the investigation of genomic structural variation underlying traits of interest in *** addition,the association results provide evidence for AHR as a candidate gene associated with reproductive traits that can be used as a genetic marker in pig breeding programs.

关键词： AHR Copy number variation Meishan Next-generation sequencing Pig Reproduction

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Decoding the Signaling Network for Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins:an Approach That Integrates Bioinformatics and Experimental Biology

Decoding the Signaling Network for Abscisic Acid and Gibbere...

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第二届植物分子育种国际会议

作者： C.Ross P.Ruas department of Biological Sciences University of NevadaLas VegasNevada89154USA

Seeds comprise 0% of the human diet, while cereals such as rice and wheat comprise 52.5% of the world diet (***/es/ess/chartroom/***). To meet the needs in food of the rapidly growing world population, crop breeders have put a tremendous amount of effort to improving the yield and quality of crops. However, drastic yield losses of cereal crops still result from preharvest sprouting and abiotic stresses (unfavorable environmental conditions).

关键词： Rice biotechnology Bioinformatics Comparative Genomics Abscisic acid Gibberellins Signaling Perharvest-sprouting Germination Dormancy Stresses WRKY Transcription factors

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<i>Bacillus cereus</i>Group Exhibits More Resistant to Chlorhexidine Rather Than <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>Group

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Open Journal of Medical microbiology 2020年第3期10卷 139-152页

作者： Akira Okamoto Saki Otsuji Miho Kamako Ikumi Inoue Kokoro Tasaka Juntaro Kato School Health Sciences Aichi University of Education Kariya Japan department of Biology Aichi University of Education Kariya Japan

Chlorhexidine is a widely used antiseptic agent;however, its bactericidal effect against bacterial endospores is limited. The genus Bacillus is spore-forming gram-positive bacteria that are ubiquitously found in the environment and cause opportunistic infection and food poisoning. The susceptibility of bacterial endospores to chlorhexidine was previously evaluated in Bacillus subtilis, but the primary target for disinfection with antiseptic agents, including chlorhexidine, should be harmful strains. We aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of harmful cereus group including Bacillus cereus, and to compare that with harmless Bacillus species, containing B. subtilis. We evaluated the susceptibility of the 15 strains of the cereus group to chlorhexidine in comparison with the 5 other strains, named the subtilis group in this study. Our results indicated that chlorhexidine exerted a bacteriostatic effect against Baci

关键词： Bacillus cereus Bacillus subtilis Chlorhexidine Susceptibility

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Rice In Vivo RNA Structurome Reveals RNA Secondary Structure Conservation and Divergence in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2018年第4期11卷 607-622页

作者： Hongjing Deng Jitender Cheema Hang Zhang Hugh Woolfenden Matthew Norris Zhenshan Liu Qi Liu Xiaofei Yang Minglei Yang Xian Deng Xiaofeng Cao Yiliang Ding State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China department of Cell and Developmental Biology John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK department of Computational and Systems Biology John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS) John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK

RNA secondary structure plays a critical role in gene regulation. Rice （Oryza sativa） is one of the most important food crops in the world. However, RNA structure in rice has scarcely been studied. Here, we have successfully generated in vivo Structure-seq libraries in rice. We found that the structural flexibility of mRNAs might associate with the dynamics of biological function. Higher N6-methyladenosine （mSA） modification tends to have less RNA structure in 3＇ UTR, whereas GC content does not significantly affect in vivo mRNA structure to maintain efficient biological processes such as translation. Comparative analysis of RNA structurome between rice and Arabidopsis revealed that higher GC content does not lead to stronger structure and less RNA structural flexibility. Moreover, we found a weak correlation between sequence and structure conservation of the orthologs between rice and Arabidopsis. The conservation and divergence of both sequence and in vivo RNA structure corresponds to diverse and specific biological processes. Our results indicate that RNA secondary structure might offer a separate layer of selection to the sequence between monocot and dicot. Therefore, our study implies that RNA structure evolves differently in various biological processes to maintain robustness in development and adaptational flexibility during angiosperm evolution.

关键词： RNA secondary structure Structure-seq Oryza sativa GC content orthologs

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Effects of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based direct-fed microbial and fermentation products on plasma carbonylmetabolome and fecal bacterial community of beef steers

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 504-513页

作者： James A.Adeyemi Sunday O.Peters Marcos De Donato Andres Pech Cervantes Ibukun M.Ogunade College of Agriculture Communitiesand the EnvironmentKentucky State UniversityFrankfortKY 40601USA department of Animal Science Berry CollegeMount BerryGA 30149USA Tecnologico de Monterrey Escuela de Ingenieria y CienciasQueretaroMexico Agricultural Research Station Fort Valley State UniversityFort ValleyGA 31030USA

Background:Previous studies have evaluated the metabolic status of animals fed direct-fed microbial(DFM)using enzyme-based assays which are time-consuming and limited to a few *** addition,little emphasis has been placed on investigating the effects of DFM on hindgut *** examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based DFM and fermentation products on the plasma concentrations of carbonyl-containing metabolites via a metabolomics approach,and fecal bacterial community,via 16S rRNA gene sequencing,of beef steers during a 42-day receiving *** newly weaned steers were randomly assigned to receive a basal diet with no additive(CON;n=20)or a basal diet supplemented with 19 g of Commence™(PROB;n=20)for a 42-day ***™(PMI,Arden Hills,MN)is a blend of 6.2×1011 cfu/g of ***,3.5×1010 cfu/g of a mixture of Enterococcus lactis,Bacillus subtilis,Enterococcus faecium,and Lactobacillus casei,and the fermentation products of these aforementioned microorganisms and those of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus *** d 0 and 40,rectal fecal samples were collected randomly from 10 steers from each treatment *** d 42,blood was collected for plasma ***:A total number of 812 plasma metabolites were *** to 305 metabolites[fold change(FC)≥1.5,FDR≤0.01]including glucose,hippuric acid,and 5-hydroxykynurenamine were increased by PROB supplementation,whereas 199 metabolites(FC≤0.63,FDR≤0.01)including acetoacetate were *** of PROB increased(P≤0.05)the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae UCG-003,Megasphaera,Dorea,Acetitomaculum,and *** contrast,the relative abundance of Elusimicrobium,Moheibacter,Stenotrophomonas,Comamonas,and uncultured bacterium belonging to family p-2534-18B5 gut group(phylum Bacteroidetes)were reduced(P≤0.05).Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrated that supplementation of PROB altered both the plasma carbonyl metab

关键词： Beef steer Carbonyl Fecal bacteria Lactate-utilizing bacteria Plasma metabolomics

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Enhanced water solubility, antioxidant activity, and oral absorption of hesperetin by D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate and phosphatidylcholine

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & biotechnology) 2019年第3期20卷 273-281页

作者： Su-fang GU Li-ying WANG Ying-jie TIAN Zhu-xian ZHOU Jian-bin TANG Xiang-rui LIU Hai-ping JIANG You-qing SHEN Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Hangzhou Ubao Healthcare Technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310012China department of Medical Oncology the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310006China

Hesperetin,an abundant bioactive component of citrus fruits,is poorly water-soluble,resulting in low oral *** developed new formulations to improve the water solubility,antioxidant activity,and oral absorption of *** nano-based formulations were developed,namely hesperetin-TPGS(D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate)micelles and hesperetin-phosphatidylcholine(PC)*** two formulations were prepared by a simple technique called solvent dispersion,using US food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved excipients for *** scanning calorimetry(DSC)and dynamic light scattering(DLS)were used to characterize the formulations’physical *** analysis,cellular antioxidant activity assay,and a pharmacokinetic study were performed to evaluate the biological properties of these two *** final weight ratios of both hesperetin to TPGS and hesperetin to PC were 1:12 based on their water solubility,which increased to 21.5-and 20.7-fold,*** hesperetin-TPGS micelles had a small particle size of 26.19 nm,whereas the hesperetin-PC complexes exhibited a larger particle size of 219.15 *** addition,the cellular antioxidant activity assay indicated that both hesperetin-TPGS micelles and hesperetin-PC complexes increased the antioxidant activity of hesperetin to 4.2-and 3.9-fold,***,the in vivo oral absorption study on rats indicated that the micelles and complexes significantly increased the peak plasma concentration(Cmax)from 2.64μg/mL to 20.67 and 33.09μg/mL and also increased the area under the concentration–time curve of hesperetin after oral administration to 16.2-and 18.0-fold,*** micelles and complexes increased the solubility and remarkably improved the in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo oral absorption of hesperetin,indicating these formulations’potential applications in drugs and healthcare products.

关键词： Hesperetin D-α-Tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate(TPGS) Phosphatidylcholine Antioxidant activity Oral absorption

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叶菌唑对轮枝镰刀菌的活性及作用机制

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农药学学报 2023年第2期25卷 353-363页

作者：赫丹徐剑宏仇剑波刘馨高弢杜予州史建荣 LEE Yinwon 扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院江苏扬州225009 江苏省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所南京210014 江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地南京210014 农业农村部农产品质量安全控制技术与标准重点实验室南京210014 department of Agricultural biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea

玉米穗腐病是严重的世界性真菌病害,而轮枝镰刀菌Fusarium verticillioide是我国玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌。为明确叶菌唑在我国玉米穗腐病防治中的应用潜力,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,分别测定了叶菌唑对2019至2021年采自我国山东... 详细信息

玉米穗腐病是严重的世界性真菌病害,而轮枝镰刀菌Fusarium verticillioide是我国玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌。为明确叶菌唑在我国玉米穗腐病防治中的应用潜力,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,分别测定了叶菌唑对2019至2021年采自我国山东、河南和江苏3个省份的35株轮枝镰刀菌菌丝生长以及分生孢子形成、萌发和芽管伸长的影响,并测定了该药剂对轮枝镰刀菌产毒(B族伏马毒素,type B fumonisins,FBs)能力及产毒基因表达的影响;通过测定叶菌唑处理后轮枝镰刀菌菌丝麦角甾醇、胞内甘油和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及电导率的变化,探究了其作用机制;同时评价了叶菌唑对田间玉米穗腐病的防治效果。结果显示:叶菌唑对35株轮枝镰刀菌均表现出较强的抑制活性,其对轮枝镰刀菌的菌丝生长以及分生孢子形成、萌发及芽管伸长具有显著的剂量依赖性抑制作用。其中:叶菌唑抑制菌丝生长的EC_(50)值在0.005~0.029μg/mL之间,平均EC_(50)值为(0.012±0.006)μg/mL;EC_(50)浓度的叶菌唑对轮枝镰刀菌分生孢子形成、萌发及芽管伸长的平均抑制率分别为(20.59±5.75)%、(24.88±5.15)%和(59.98±9.11)%;叶菌唑能显著降低轮枝镰刀菌FBs毒素的产生量和与毒素生物合成相关基因的表达水平,其对FBs毒素合成的抑制率为29.04%;显著降低了轮枝镰刀菌菌丝麦角甾醇的合成量,抑制率为39.10%,同时提高了其胞内甘油、丙二醛含量以及相对电导率,对甘油和丙二醛的诱导率分别为66.39%和33.74%。田间试验表明,有效成分90、135和180 g/hm2剂量的叶菌唑对玉米穗腐病的防效分别为(20.93±4.65)%、(27.75±5.71)%和(46.05±9.90)%,增产率分别为(8.86±8.84)%、(17.28±11.91)%和(33.20±12.07)%,均优于对照药剂丙硫菌唑•戊唑醇。本研究评估了叶菌唑防治玉米穗腐病的潜力,并可为了解其对轮枝镰刀菌的活性和作用机制提供理论依据。

关键词：叶菌唑玉米穗腐病轮枝镰刀菌敏感性伏马毒素防治效果

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