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The impact of the design of learning spaces on attention and memory from a neuroarchitectural approach:A systematic review

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2022年第3期11卷 542-560页

作者： Mar Llorens-Gamez Juan Luis Higuera-Trujillo Carla Sentieri Omarrementeria Carmen Llinares Department of Architectural Projects Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValencia 46022Spain Institute for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering(i3B) Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValencia 46022Spain

Enriched environments in animal models have demonstrated that exposure to an optimal stimulus improves behavior,cognition,and genomics.However,the evidence base for the neurophysiological influence of human environment enrichment has not been extensively studied.This systematic review compiles indicators about the effect of built,indoor environments on the cognitive processes of memory and attention in humans.This work pursues two main objectives:(1)to define current knowledge and the methods that are useful and identify whether previously published studies indicate consistencies and(2)to report the approaches and strategies that can be used in evaluating cognitive processes affected by environment response.Results of this systematic review show that(1)form and geometry,(2)space distribution and context,(3)color and texture,(4)height,width,and enclosure,(5)transition and circulation,and(6)light,sound,and temperature have an impact on memory and/or attention,and they can be assessed objectively.Despite all the advances in this field,methodological limitations and a lack of cross-validated standard protocols are found.Therefore,future research is necessary to provide a deep insight into how human cognition can be heightened by the environment to which it is exposed.

关键词： Built environment Neuroarchitecture Cognition Attention Memory Learning spaces

The management of water heritage in Portuguese cities:Recent regeneration projects in Évora,Lisbon,Braga and Guimarães

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2022年第1期11卷 73-88页

作者： Celia López-Bravo JoséPeral López Eduardo Mosquera Adell department of architectural History Theory and CompositionUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain

Given the cultural and environmental potential presented by historical water infrastructures in urban contexts,this article states the evidence of a not much documented urban phenomenon in Portugal,the refurbishment of water heritage protected areas motivated by European-based regeneration projects.By employing a case-study design,four good practices-placed inÉvora,Lisbon,Braga and Guimarães-are chosen to enlighten this growing and aware trend.The assets located there-theÁgua de Prata Aqueduct,theÁguas Livres Aqueduct,the Sete Fontes water-supply system and the Zona de Couros industrial area,respectively-are geographical,historical and culturally characterised,while the projects that concern them are documented by visiting the areas and analysing the available sources.Then,open-data platforms and heritage protection decrees are processed to graphically code the topography,hydrology,urban land use,infrastructures,landmarks and protected areas,employing QGIS free software for Geographic Information Systems.As a result,the four practices are documented,discussed and compared.A table assesses and summarises their pre-existing and currently added values and a series of diagrams illustrates the landscape changes generated.These graphics validate the practices and update the status of the assets,enhancing the rediscovery of the existing landscapes and showing the main challenges and future opportunities faced by these areas.

关键词： Heritage characterization Infrastructures Landscape Obsolescence Urban planning Waterworks

Bridging the gap between research and schematic design phases in teaching architectural graduation projects

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2020年第1期9卷 82-105页

作者： Eman S.AboWardah architectural Engineering department Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh 11586Saudi Arabia architectural Engineering department Tanta UniversityTanta 31512Egypt

The architectural design studio course is generally considered the backbone of any architectural curriculum and follows a particular method of problem solving,which makes it a distinctive course.Graduation projects in most of the architectural programs are divided into two main phases,namely,research and project phases.Students generate many findings from the research phase that are considered challenges.The research problem emerges when students finish writing the research thesis,and most face difficulty in translating the collected data into actions to engage the initial idea of the project.Therefore,this study aims to high-light the transitional stage between the research and schematic design phases,which is described in this study as the"predesign bridging phase."The goal is to propose a practical strategy for bridging the gap between the research and schematic design phases to facilitate derivation of the design concept from different output variables to enable the creation of a suitable architectural morphological language.The study adopts two research methods.One is proposing a new pedagogical framework and applying it to the architectural graduation design studio at Prince Sultan University in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.The other is conducting a survey among students to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed framework in helping them bridge the gap between the research and schematic design phases.Descriptive and inferential statistics analysis methods are used to analyze the research data and study the correlation between the reflection of the new applied framework in the predesign bridging phase and the students'satisfaction toward the final projects'product and performance in the final critique.This study ends with a conclusion on how the applied teaching strategies facilitate the project starting point and raises the importance of proposing and testing new assessment strategies that are suitable for each phase in the graduation design studio.

关键词： Predesign bridging phase Graduation project Problem solving Mind mapping Student self-criticism Peer criticism

Instructors'perspectives on the pedagogy of architectural graduation projects:A qualitative study

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2019年第3期8卷 415-427页

作者： Mohammed Ghonim Nehad Eweda department of architectural Engineering Faculty of EngineeringCairo UniversityCairoEgypt

In architectural education,graduation projects represent the transition from academia to the profession,and they are the courses that encourage architecture students to demonstrate the knowledge acquired and the skills developed throughout the educational program.This study aims to explore the instructors’perspectives on improving the pedagogy of architectural graduation projects.To achieve this aim,this study has adopted a qualitative method,applied analytical and deductive methodologies,and conducted a survey among 44 academic architects from architectural schools worldwide.This paper is structured into three sections.The first section provides an overview of the topic and its current related issues.The second section introduces the survey,its methods,tools,and procedures,and the participants’profiles.The third section presents the qualitative survey findings and their discussion.The conclusions of this study confirm the results of some previous studies.Some conclusions contradict common practices related to graduation projects,but the original approaches have been provided.The importance of this study inherits the relevance of adopting these courses;that is,for educators and employers to assess the extent to which graduates have acquired the competence necessary to practice architecture.

关键词： architectural education Design education Graduation projects Enrollment criteria Teaching techniques Evaluation methods

Best practices in managing, supervising, and assessing architectural graduation projects： A quantitative study

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2018年第3期7卷 424-439页

作者： Mohammed Ghonim Nehad Eweda department of Architecture and Building Sciences King Saud University Saudi Arabia department of architectural Engineering Cairo University Egypt

Graduation project courses refer to the culmination of the learning experiences of higher education. These courses consolidate the disciplinary knowledge gained during architectural education while they integrate most of the learning outcomes of a program, which are intended to prepare students for their transition to the profession of architecture. The educational methods of these courses require constant attention, regular review, and continuous development to remain consistent with the changing standards of the profession given the significance of these courses. The problem lies in the diversity and controversy of these methods, thereby implying inconsistency in the best practices. In this study, several questions are raised in terms of the nature of these courses, enrollment criteria, topic selection, learning experience, and assessment methods. This study aims to investigate the best practices of managing, supervising, and assessing architectural graduation projects to provide guidelines for establishing and/or developing these courses. An analytical deductive methodology is adopted. This methodology is supported by a survey of a sample of 105 worldwide academic architects and is structured into four sections, namely, the analysis of the components of graduation projects, the survey and its procedures, the quantitative findings of the survey, and a discussion of the issues and results. This study draws conclusions to its research questions, thereby extending its influence on the quality of architectural programs and the benefits for individuals who are concerned with their development.

关键词： architectural education Graduation project Supervision method Evatuation tool

Determination of shear strength of steel fiber RC beams:application of data-intelligence models

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 667-673页

作者： Abeer A.AL-MUSAWI projects and Reconstruction department University of BaghdadBaghdadIraq

Accurate prediction of shear strength of structural engineering components can yield a magnificent information modeling and predesign process.This paper aims to determine the shear strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams using the application of data-intelligence models namely hybrid artificial neural network integrated with particle swarm optimization.For the considered data-intelligence models,the input matrix attribute is one of the central element in attaining accurate predictive model.Hence,various input attributes are constructed to model the shear strength"as a targeted variable".The modeling is initiated using historical published researches steel fiber reinforced concrete beams information.Seven variables are used as input attribute combination including reinforcement ratio(ρ%),concrete compressive strength(f′c),fiber factor(F1),volume percentage of fiber(Vf),fiber length to diameter ratio(lf/ld)effective depth(d),and shear span-to-strength ratio(a/d),while the shear strength(SS)is the output of the matrix.The best network structure obtained using the network having ten nodes and one hidden layer.The final results obtained indicated that the hybrid predictive model of ANN-PSO can be used efficiently in the prediction of the shear strength of fiber reinforced concrete beams.In more representable details,the hybrid model attained the values of root mean square error and correlation coefficient 0.567 and 0.82,respectively.

关键词： hybrid intelligence model shear strength prediction steel fiber reinforced concrete

An optimization model for improving highway safety

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第6期3卷 549-558页

作者： Promothes Saha Khaled Ksaibati department of Civil and architectural Engineering University of Wyoming Wyoming Technology Transfer Center University of Wyoming

This paper developed a traffic safety management system （TSMS） for improving safety on county paved roads in Wyoming. TSMS is a strategic and systematic process to improve safety of roadway network. When funding is limited, it is important to identify the best combination of safety improvement projects to provide the most benefits to society in terms of crash reduction. The factors included in the proposed optimization model are annual safety budget, roadway inventory, roadway functional classification, historical crashes, safety improvement countermeasures, cost and crash reduction factors （CRFs） associated with safety improvement countermeasures, and average daily traffics （ADTs）. This paper demonstrated how the proposed model can identify the best combination of safety improvement projects to maximize the safety benefits in terms of reducing overall crash frequency. Although the proposed methodology was implemented on the county paved road network of Wyoming, it could be easily modified for potential implementation on the Wyoming state highway system. Other states can also benefit by implementing a similar program within their jurisdictions.

关键词： Traffic safety management system County roads Optimization model Crash reduction factor

Impact of combined alignments and adverse weather conditions on vehicle skidding

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第1期10卷 116-131页

作者： Anas Alrejjal Khaled Ksaibati department of Civil and architectural Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY 82070USA

Roadways in Wyoming are characterized by challenging horizontal profiles,vertical profiles,a combination of the two and adverse weather conditions,all of which affect vehicle stability.In this study,we investigated the impact of different operating speeds when negotiating combined horizontal and vertical curves under unfavorable environmental conditions on Wyoming’s interstates via vehicle dynamics simulation software.The simulation tools provided the acting forces on each tire of the vehicle and the side friction(skidding)margins.This allowed for examining the interaction between vehicle dynamics and road geometry in such alignments.Also,linear regression analysis was implemented to investigate the skidding margins based on the simulation results to demonstrate when a vehicle is more likely to deviate from its desired trajectory.Specifically,this examines the contributing factors that significantly influence the skidding margins.The results indicated that:1)the skidding margins are dramatically decreased by adverse weather conditions even with lower degree of curvature and gradient values of combined curves and more particularly at higher operating speeds conditions.Increasing the vehicle speed on the curve by 10%,the skidding margin dropped by 15%.2)Compared to heavy trucks and sports utility vehicles(SUVs),passenger cars require the highest side friction demand.3)The effect of applying brakes on vehicle stability depends on the road surface condition;applying the brakes on snowy road surfaces increases the potential of vehicle skidding especially for heavy trucks.This study assessed the curve speed limits and showed how important to assign safe and appropriate limits speed since the skidding likelihood is significantly sensitive to the vehicle speeds.This study is beneficial to Wyoming’s roadway agencies since hazardous sections having combined horizontal and vertical curves are identified.Also,critical situations that require additional attention from law enforcement agencies are pinpointed.Finally,recommenda

关键词： Vehicle dynamics simulations Combined horizontal and vertical curves Skidding margins Operating speed Adverse weather Brakes application

An investigation of the influence of ground surface properties and shading on outdoor thermal comfort in a high-altitude residential area

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Frontiers of architectural Research 2021年第2期10卷 432-446页

作者： Lixing Chen Yingzi Zhang Jiaqin Han Xing Li Chengdu architectural Design and Research Institute Chengdu 610041China department of Architecture and Design Southwest Jiaotons UniversityChensdu 611756China

Landscape elements in residential areas can effectively improve the outdoor thermal environment,with different outcomes depending on the climate conditions.This study explores how the ground surface and shading properties affect the outdoor thermal environment in a high-altitude plateau climate where few studies have been conducted.The measurements were conducted during summer and winter in a residential area in Lhasa,Tibet.Without natural shading such as trees,there is a positive correlation between Sky-view factor(SVF)and Physiological equivalent temperature(PET)during winter and a negative correlation during summer.When SVF exceeds 0.65 in summer,it may cause human discomfort.Compared to artificial shading such as a tensioned membrane,deciduous trees are superior at improving human comfort,as they can increase PET by 10.56℃ in winter and decrease it by 9.73℃ in summer.During summer,high-reflection water-permeable bricks can reduce the PET by 1.08℃,and lawns can reduce the mean rachation temperature(Tmrt)by 1.650C;however,the lawns may produce a microclimate with a high air temperature.The results from this paper can be used as a reference for landscape planning and design in residential areas in high-altitude cold-climate regions.

关键词： High altitude cold area Residential area Shading Ground surface properties Outdoor thermal comfort