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Low-protein diet supplemented with 1% L-glutamine improves growth performance, serum biochemistry, redox status, plasma amino acids, and alters fecal microbiota in weaned piglets

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animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 144-154页

作者： Jun Li Jun Bai Ying Yang Zhenlong Wu State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding Department of Companion Animal Science China Agricultural University

Glutamine, one of the most abundant amino acids in the body, has been shown to exert various beneficial effects in pigs. However, knowledge regarding the role of dietary glutamine in low-protein diet-fed piglets remains scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of L-glutamine on growth performance, serum biochemistry parameters, redox status, amino acids, and fecal microbiota in low-protein diet-fed piglets. A total of 128 healthy crossbred piglets(Landrace × Yorkshire)were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 4 replicate pens, with 8 piglets per pen. Piglets in the 4 groups were fed with corn and soybean meal-based low-protein diets(crude protein level, 17%) that contained0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% L-glutamine, respectively, for 28 d. Pigs administered 1% L-glutamine had greater body weight on d 28 and average daily gain(ADG, P < 0.01), whereas a lower feed to gain ratio(F:G) from d 1to 28(P < 0.01), compared to the other three groups. Besides, lower body weight on d 14 and 28, ADG,average daily feed intake, and higher F:G from d 15 to 28 and d 1 to 28 were observed in response to 2%and 3% L-glutamine treatments than 0% and 1% L-glutamine treatments(P < 0.01). Moreover, 1% Lglutamine reduced serum glucose, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide concentrations and inhibited aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, myeloperoxidase activities in low-protein diet-fed piglets on d 14, with concomitantly upregulated catalase, total superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione level(P < 0.05). However, dietary 3% L-glutamine enhanced blood urea nitrogen content in pigs on d 14(P < 0.05). Further investigation revealed that 1% L-glutamine upregulated the serum glutamine, lysine, methionine, tyrosine, and reduced plasma valine content(P < 0.05). Additionally, 1% Lglutamine upregulated the abundance of p＿75＿a5, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae＿Prevotella,and Gemmiger in the stool of piglets on d 14, with the Streptococcus lev

关键词： Glutamine Low protein diet Pig Redox status Amino acid Microbiota

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Fermented calcium butyrate supplementation in post-peak laying hens improved ovarian function and tibia quality through the“gut-bone” axis

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animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 350-362页

作者： Huaiyong Zhang Yongshuai Wang Yilu Wang Bin Wei Leilei Wang Minh Tu Nguyen Xiangyun Lv Yanqun Huang Wen Chen College of animal Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and NutritionMinistry of AgricultureHenan Agricultural University Laboratory for animal Nutrition and animal Product Quality Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyGhent University department of Agriculture and Forestry Hue University Charoen Pokphand Group Co. Ltd.

The compromised egg quality and leg abnormality during the end of the laying cycle(after 40 weeks)have been leading to poor animal welfare and substantial economic losses. Therefore, the effects of fermented calcium(Ca) butyrate, produced by fermentation by Clostridium butyricum, on production,eggshell quality, and tibial property of hens were explored. A total of 192 Hy-line brown laying hens at50-week-old were assigned to a basal diet or the basal diet with 300 mg/kg of the fermented Ca butyrate from 50 to 58 weeks of age. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 16 hens each. The diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg fermented Ca butyrate notably increased egg weight, ovarian follicle number, and eggshell strength(P = 0.072) as compared to the basal diet, which were associated with cytokine secretion, toll-like receptor signaling pathways, and intestinal immunity based on the RNA-seq data from the granulosa. Dietary Ca butyrate inclusion decreased the expression of ileal tumor necrosis factor-alpha and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration, as well as increased the content of serum immunoglobulin A when compared to the basal diet(both P 0.05). In addition, the diet with fermented Ca butyrate reduced the number of osteoclasts in the proximal tibia and the level of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker(P < 0.05), whereas it tended to increase the concentration of the procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide that reflects bone formation marker in serum. Moreover, the layers fed fermented Ca butyrate diets possessed higher(P < 0.05) bone area and trabecular number of the proximal tibia, yield load, and ultimate load than those that consumed basal diets. Collectively, dietary fermented Ca butyrate supplementa

关键词： Fermented Ca butyrate Ovarian property Tibia metabolism Layer

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Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： Kristen Gallagher Isabelle Bernstein Cynthia Collings David Main Ghayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naughton Jayasimha Daddam Vengai Mavangira Mike Vandehaar Zheng Zhou department of animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production animal Medicine Ames 50011USA

Background Dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always *** with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks *** Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design *** were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same *** effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in *** No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d *** receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of *** of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with *** to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

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Cellular and Transcriptional Dynamics during Brown Adipose Tissue Regeneration under Acute Injury

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 345-357页

作者： Wenjing You Ziye Xu Wentao Chen Xin Yang Shiqi Liu Liyi Wang Yuang Tu Yanbing Zhou Teresa G.Valencak Yizhen Wang Shihuan Kuang Tizhong Shan College of animal Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina The Key Laboratory of Molecular animal Nutrition Ministry of EducationHangzhouChina Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and animal Nutrition HangzhouChina department of Laboratory Medicine the First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina department of animal Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA.

Brown adipose tissue(BAT)is the major site of non-shivering thermogenesis and crucial for systemic *** chronic cold exposures and high-fat diet challenges,BAT undergoes robust remodeling to adapt to physiological ***,whether and how BAT regenerates after acute injuries are poorly ***,we established a novel BAT injury and regeneration model(BAT-IR)in mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and bulk RNA-seq to determine cellular and transcriptomic dynamics during *** further defined distinct fibro-adipogenic and myeloid progenitor populations contributing to BAT *** trajectory and gene expression analyses uncovered the involvement of MAPK,Wnt,and Hedgehog(Hh)signaling pathways in BAT *** confirmed the role of Hh signaling in BAT development through Myf5Cre-mediated conditional knockout(cKO)of the Sufu gene to activate Hh signaling in BAT and muscle *** BAT-IR model therefore provides a paradigm to identify conserved cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying BAT development and remodeling.

关键词： injuries involvement acute

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Pervasiveness of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of some selected fish species from Turag River alongside the capital city of Bangladesh

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 77-85页

作者： HM Shahnewaz Khan Jabed Hasan Mohammed Manik Murad Ahmed Farukh Md Shahjahan department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Laboratory of Fish ecophysiology Department of Fisheries ManagementBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh

Microplastics(MPs)are synthetic contaminants that have received global attention due to their ubiquitous occurrence,extreme durability,and capacity to harm ecosystems and human *** study investigated the occurrence of MPs in three fish species(Channa striata,Puntius sophore and Anabas testudineus)collected from two locations(Ashulia Bridge and Mirpur Road)of the Turag River,which flows alongside the Dhaka city,*** abundance(items/individuals)was highest in Channa striata(3.8±0.6)from the Ashulia Bridge area and lowest in Puntius sophore(1.8±0.4)from the Mirpur Road *** was found to be the most dominant(89e93%)form of MPs followed by fragments(21 e35%),films(0e26%)and foams(0e5%).The dominant color of MPs was blue(69e83%),then red(20 e33%),black(11e14%),green(8e20%),and purple(6e8%).The majority(56e71%)of the MPs assessed were<0.5 mm in size,followed by 0.5e1.0 mm(29e33%)and 1e5 mm(38e53%).ATR-FTIR examination revealed three specific polymer varieties-PP(40%),PS(30%)and LDPE(30%).The results of this study provided a baseline of MPs pollution in one of the major protein sources freshwater fishes and raised concern on public health particularly who consume fishes from the urban waterways.

关键词： Microplastics Polymer Bangladesh Turag river ATR-FTIR

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Increasing concentrations of dietary threonine,tryptophan,and glycine improve growth performance and intestinal health with decreasing stress responses in broiler chickens raised under multiple stress conditions

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animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 145-153页

作者： Hyun Woo Kim Jong Hyuk Kim Gi Ppeum Han Dong Yong Kil department of animal Science and Technology Chung-Ang UniversityAnseong-siGyeonggi-do 17546Republic of Korea department of animal Science Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644Republic of Korea

The current study aimed to compare the effects of increasing concentrations of dietary threonine(Thr),tryptophan(Trp),and glycine(Gly)on growth performance,stress biomarkers,and intestinal function in broiler chickens under multiple stress *** hundred sixty broiler chickens at 21 d old were randomly allotted to 5 treatments with 8 *** in a positive control(PC)treatment were raised under low stock density(16.9 birds/m2 per cage)with recommended environmental conditions,whereas birds in 4 treatments were subjected to multiple stress conditions:a cyclic heat stress of 30±0.3°C for 10 h and 23±0.2°C for 14 h per day with high stock density(25.3 birds/m2 per cage).A basal diet was assigned to both PC and negative control(NC)*** additional diets were individually formulated to contain double concentrations of digestible Thr,Trp,or Gly+Ser compared with their concentrations in the basal *** experiment lasted for 14 *** showed that NC treatment had less growth performance(P<0.001),jejunal goblet cell counts(P=0.018),and trans-epithelial electrical resistance(TEER;P<0.001),but greater(P=0.026)feather corticosterone(CORT)concentrations than PC *** treatment showed the least(P<0.001)feed conversion ratio(FCR)among treatments under multiple stress ***,Trp,and Gly treatments had less(P=0.026)feather CORT concentrations,but had greater(P<0.001)TEER than NC *** conclusion,increasing concentrations of dietary Thr,Trp,or Gly improve the growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens with decreasing stress response under multiple stress conditions.

关键词： Broiler chicken Glycine Multiple stress Threonine Tryptophan

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Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1158-1172页

作者： Dohyung M.Kim Jing Liu Melanie A.Whitmore Isabel Tobin Zijun Zhao Guolong Zhang department of animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA

Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain *** acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,have independently been shown to induce host defense peptide(HDP)***,the potential synergy between these two compounds remains *** To investigate the possible synergistic effect between DCA and butyrate in regulating HDP synthesis and barrier function,we treated chicken HD11 macrophage cells and jejunal explants with DCA and sodium butyrate(NaB),either individually or in combination,for 24 ***,we performed RNA isolation and reverse transcrip-tion-quantitative PCR to analyze HDP genes as well as the major genes associated with barrier *** further determine the synergy between DCA and NaB in enhancing NE resistance,we conducted two independent trials with Cobb broiler *** each trial,the diet was supplemented with DCA or NaB on the day-of-hatch,followed by NE induction through sequential challenges with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens on d 10 and 14,*** recorded animal mortality after infection and assessed intestinal lesions on d *** impact of DCA and NaB on the microbiota in the ileum and cecum was evaluated through bacterial 16S rRNA gene *** We found that the combination of DCA and NaB synergistically induced multiple HDP genes in both chicken HD11 cells and jejunal ***,the gene for claudin-1,a major tight junction protein,also exhibited synergistic induction in response to DCA and ***,dietary supplementation with a combination of 0.75 g/kg DCA and 1 g/kg NaB led to a significant improvement in animal survival and a reduction in intestinal lesions compared to either compound alone in a chicken model of ***,the cecal microbiota of NE-infected chickens showed a marked decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides,F

关键词： Bile acids Host defense peptides Metabolites Microbiome Necrotic enteritis Short-chain fatty acids

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Myostatin gene role in regulating traits of poultry species for potential industrial applications

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1793-1801页

作者： Joonbum Lee Dong‑Hwan Kim Kichoon Lee department of animal Sciences The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The myostatin(MSTN)gene is considered a potential genetic marker to improve economically important traits in live-stock,since the discovery of its function using the MSTN knockout *** anti-myogenic function of the MSTN gene was further demonstrated in farm animal species with natural or induced *** poultry species,myo-genesis in cell culture was regulated by modulation of the MSTN ***,different expression levels of the MSTN gene in poultry models with different muscle mass have been reported,indicating the conserved myogenic function of the MSTN gene between mammalian and avian *** advances of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome edit-ing techniques have led to development of genome-edited poultry species targeting the MSTN gene to clearly dem-onstrate its anti-myogenic function and further investigate other potential functions in poultry *** review summarizes research conducted to understand the function of the MSTN gene in various poultry models from cells to whole ***,the genome-edited poultry models targeting the MSTN gene are reviewed to inte-grate diverse effects of the MSTN gene on different traits of poultry species.

关键词： Chicken Economic traits Myostatin Quail

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Vitamin A regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function through p38 MAPK‑PGC‑1α signaling pathway and alters the muscle fiber composition of sheep

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 898-910页

作者： Pengkang Song Jiamin Zhao Fanqinyu Li Xiaoyi Zhao Jinxin Feng Yuan Su Bo Wang Junxing Zhao College of animal Science Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguShanxi 030801People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of animal Nutrition and Feeding Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193People’s Republic of China

Background Vitamin A(VA)and its metabolite,retinoic acid(RA),are of great interest for their wide range of physiological ***,the regulatory contribution of VA to mitochondrial and muscle fiber composition in sheep has not been *** Lambs were injected with 0(control)or 7,500 IU VA palmitate into the biceps femoris muscle on d 2 after *** the age of 3 and 32 weeks,longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle samples were obtained to explore the effect of VA on myofiber type *** vitro,we investigated the effects of RA on myofiber type composition and intrinsic *** The proportion of type I myofiber was greatly increased in VA-treated sheep in LD muscle at *** greatly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and function in LD muscle of *** exploration revealed that VA elevated PGC-1αmRNA and protein contents,and enhanced the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in LD muscle of *** addition,the number of type I myofibers with RA treatment was significantly increased,and type IIx myofibers was significantly decreased in primary *** with in vivo experiment,RA significantly improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function in primary myoblasts of *** then used si-PGC-1αto inhibit PGC-1αexpression and found that si-PGC-1αsignificantly abrogated RA-induced the formation of type I myofibers,mitochondrial biogenesis,MitoTracker staining intensity,UQCRC1 and ATP5A1 expression,SDH activity,and enhanced the level of type IIx muscle *** data suggested that RA improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function by promoting PGC-1αexpression,and increased type I *** order to prove that the effect of RA on the level of PGC-1αis caused by p38 MAPK signaling,we inhibited the p38 MAPK signaling using a p38 MAPK inhibitor,which significantly reduced RA-induced PGC-1αand MyHC I *** VA promoted PGC-1αexpression through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway,improved mitochondrial biogenesis,and altered

关键词： Mitochondria Muscle fiber type PGC-1α p38 MAPK Retinoic acid Vitamin A

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Exploring the genetic control of sweat gland characteristics in beef cattle for enhanced heat tolerance

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1820-1831页

作者： Aakilah S.Hernandez Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Kaitlyn M.Sarlo Davila Fahad Rafiq Andrea N.Nunez Cristiane Goncalves Titto Raluca G.Mateescu department of animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA department of animal Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA. Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit National Animal Disease CentersUnited States Department of Agriculture1920 Dayton AvenueAmesIA 50010USA. department of animal Science Iowa StateAmesIAUSA School of animal Sciences and Food Engineering University of Sao PauloAv Duque de Caxias Norte 225PirassunungaSao Paulo 13635‑900Brazil

Background Thermal stress in subtropical regions is a major limiting factor in beef cattle production systems with around$369 million being lost annually due to reduced *** stress causes numerous physiological and behavioral disturbances including reduced feed intake and decreased production *** utilize various physiological mechanisms such as sweating to regulate internal *** in these traits can help identify genetic variants that control sweat gland properties and subsequently allow for genetic selection of cattle with greater *** This study used 2,401 Brangus cattle from two commercial ranches in *** phenotypes that contribute to an animal's ability to manage heat stress were calculated from skin biopsies and included sweat gland area,sweat gland depth,and sweat gland *** animals were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250K,and BLUPF90 software was used to estimate genetic parameters and for Genome Wide Association *** Sweat gland phenotypes heritability ranged from 0.17 to 0.42 indicating a moderate amount of the phenotypic variation is due to genetics,allowing producers the ability to select for favorable sweat gland properties.A weighted single-step GWAS using sliding 10 kb windows identified multiple quantitative trait loci(QTLs)explaining a significant amount of genetic *** located on BTA7 and BTA12 explained over 1.0%of genetic variance and overlap the ADGRV1 and CCDC168 genes,*** variants identified in this study are implicated in processes related to immune function and cellular proliferation which could be relevant to heat *** of Origin Alleles(BOA)were predicted using local ancestry in admixed populations(LAMP-LD),allowing for identification of markers'origin from either Brahman or Angus ancestry.A BOA GWAS was performed to identify regions inherited from particular ancestral breeds that might have a significant impact on sweat gland pheno

关键词： GWAS Heritability Skin Thermotolerance

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