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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2339-2340页

作者： Valerie M.K.Verge Nataliya Tokarska Justin M.Naniong department of anatomy Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada Cameco MS Neuroscience Research Center University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Multiple sclerosis(MS)is a debilitating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by immune-mediated segmental demyelination and variable degrees of axonal and neuronal degeneration that contribute to *** efficient and effective repair programs following demyelination is a major goal and challenge in *** MS therapies focus largely on modulating the immune aspects of the disease contributing to *** this alleviates some symptoms and mitigates damage,it does not tackle the fundamental challenge of effective remyelination,which few MS patients experience,especially in the progressive phase of the disease.

关键词： sclerosis degeneration damage

Role of N-formyl peptide receptor 2 in germinal matrix hemorrhage:an intrinsic review of a hematoma resolving pathway

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 350-354页

作者： Jerry Flores Jiping Tang department of physiology&pharmacology Loma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA

Germinal matrix hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of morbidity,mortality,and acquired infantile hydrocephalus in preterm infants in the United States,with little progress made in its clinical *** clots have been shown to elicit secondary brain injury after germinal matrix hemorrhage,by disrupting normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation and absorption after germinal matrix hemorrhage causing post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus *** evidence suggests that rapid hematoma resolution is necessary to improve neurological outcomes after hemorrhagic *** articles have demonstrated the beneficial effects of stimulating the polarization of microglia cells into the M2 phenotype,as it has been suggested that they play an essential role in the rapid phagocytosis of the blood clot after hemorrhagic models of stroke.N-formyl peptide receptor 2(FPR2),a G-protein-coupled receptor,has been shown to be neuroprotective after ***2 activation has been associated with the upregulation of phagocytic macrophage clearance,yet its mechanism has not been fully *** literature suggests that FPR2 may play a role in the stimulation of scavenger receptor *** receptor CD36 plays a vital role in microglia phagocytic blood clot clearance after germinal matrix ***2 has been shown to phosphorylate extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),which then promotes the transcription of the dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1(DUSP1)*** this review,we present an intrinsic outline of the main components involved in FPR2 stimulation and hematoma resolution after germinal matrix hemorrhage.

关键词： AnxA1 FPR2 GMH hematoma resolution hemorrhagic stroke M1 M2 microglia polarization microglia phagocytosis

Adenosine A_(2A)receptor blockade attenuates excitotoxicity in rat striatal medium spiny neurons during an ischemic-like insult

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 255-257页

作者： Elisabetta Coppi Federica Cherchi Alasdair J.Gibb department of Neuroscience PsychologyDrug Research and Child HealthUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly department of Neuroscience Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK

During brain ischemia,excitotoxicity and peri-infarct depolarization injuries occur and cause cerebral tissue ***,anoxic depolarization,consisting of massive neuronal depolarization due to the loss of membrane ion gradients,occurs in vivo or in vitro during an energy *** neuromodulator adenosine is released in huge amounts during cerebral ischemia and exerts its effects by activating specific metabotropic receptors,namely:A_(1),A_(2A),A_(2B),and A_(3).The A_(2A)receptor subtype is highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons,which are particularly susceptible to ischemic *** indicates that the A2Areceptors are upregulated in the rat striatum after stroke and the selective antagonist SCH58261 protects from exaggerated glutamate release within the first 4 hours from the insult and alleviates neurological impairment and histological injury in the following 24 *** recently added new knowledge to the mechanisms by which the adenosine A2Areceptor subtype participates in ischemia-induced neuronal death by performing patch-clamp recordings from medium spiny neurons in rat striatal brain slices exposed to oxygen and glucose *** demonstrated that the selective block of A2Areceptors by SCH58261 significantly reduced ionic imbalance and delayed the anoxic depolarization in medium spiny neurons during oxygen and glucose deprivation and that the mechanism involves voltage-gated K+channel modulation and a presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release by the A2Areceptor *** present review summarizes the latest findings in the literature about the possibility of developing selective ligands of A2Areceptors as advantageous therapeutic tools that may contribute to counteracting neurodegeneration after brain ischemia.

关键词： adenosine A_(2A)receptors anoxic depolarization brain ischemia glutamate excitotoxicity medium spiny neurons oxygen and glucose deprivation

Pleiotropic attenuating effect of Ginkgo biloba against isoprenalineinduced myocardial infarction via improving Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2/Na^(+) , K^(+) -ATPase activities

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第2期16卷 282-292页

作者： Jerome Ndudi Asiwe Abodunrin Adebayo Ojetola Nwoke Enekabokom Ekene Esthinsheen Osirim Anthony Chibuzor Nnamudi Benjamin Oritsemuelebi Jackson Erozueme Onuelu Nicholas Asiwe Harrison Ogheneochuko Eruotor Saviour Inegbenehi department of physiology Delta State UniversityAbraka 1Nigeria department of physiology University of IbadanIbadan 3017Nigeria department of physiology Adeleke UniversityEde 250Nigeria department of pharmacology Rivers State UniversityNkpolu-Oroworukwo 5080Nigeria department of physiology Redeemer’s UniversityEde 230Nigeria department of Biochemistry PAMO University of Medical SciencesPort Harcourt 500211Nigeria department of pharmacology Delta State UniversityAbraka 1Nigeria department of anatomy University of Port HarcourtChoba 5323Nigeria department of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Port HarcourtChoba 5323Nigeria

Objective:Myocardial infarction(MI)is linked to an imbalance in the supply and demand of blood oxygen in the heart ***-blockers and calcium antagonists are just two of the common medications used to treat ***,these have reportedly been shown to be either ineffective or to have undesirable side *** of Ginkgo biloba leaves(GBE),a Chinese herbal product offers special compatibility benefits in therapeutic settings relating to inflammatory diseases and oxidative *** order to better understand how GBE affects MI in rats insulted by isoprenaline(ISO),the current study was ***:The heart weight index,serum lipid profile,cardiac marker enzymes,endogenous antioxidants[catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH),nitrites and malondialdehyde(MDA)],inflammatory mediators[tumour necrosis factor alpha(TNF-a)and interleukin-6(IL-6)],immunohistochemical expressions of B-cell lymphoma factor-2(Bcl-2),extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK1/2),and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)and histopathological analysis were used to assess the cardioprotective properties of ***:The findings showed that GBE effectively attenuated myocardial infarction by boosting the body’s natural antioxidant defense system and reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines as well as heart injury marker *** expression of Bcl-2,ERK1/2 and mTOR was increased while the histomorphological alterations were ***:The cardioprotective effects of GBE may be due to a mechanism involving increased Bcl-2/mTOR/ERK1/2/Na^(+),K^(+)-ATPase activity.

关键词： antioxidants extracellular signal-regulated kinase Ginkgo biloba extract isoprenaline mammalian target of rapamycin myocardial infarction Na^(+),K^(+)-ATPase

N-acetylcysteine and zinc sulphate abate di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate-mediated reproductive dysfunction in rats:Focus on oxidative and sex hormone receptors mechanisms

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第5期13卷 228-240页

作者： Victor Oghenekparobo Emojevwe Mega Obukohwo Oyovwi Kayode Ezekiel Adewole Peggy Ejiro Ohwin Adeniran Oluwadamilare Akinola Alexander Obidike Naiho Eze Kingsley Nwangwa Victor Omo-Idonije Motunrayo Lade-Ige Benneth Ben-Azu department of physiology University of Medical SciencesOndo CityOndo StateNigeria department of physiology Delta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria department of physiology Adeleke UniversityEdeOsun StateNigeria department of Biochemistry University of Medical SciencesOndo CityOndo StateNigeria department of pharmacology Delta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria

Objective:To investigate the potential of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)and zinc sulphate(ZnSO_(4))in mitigating reproductive dysfunction caused by di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP)in rats and to understand the underlying mechanisms,specifically oxidative stress and sex hormone receptor ***:Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups(n=7 per group).Group 1 was administered 0.5 mL of distilled water and served as the control *** 2 was given only DEHP(750 mg/kg/day),while group 3,4 and 5 were given DEHP(750 mg/kg/day)plus NAC(100 mg/kg/day),DEHP(750 mg/kg/day)plus ZnSO_(4)(0.5 mg/kg/day),and DEHP(750 mg/kg/day)plus NAC(100 mg/kg/day)as well as ZnSO_(4)(0.5 mg/kg/day),*** treatments lasted for 21 *** were obtained after the rats were sacrificed,and hormones levels in the serum and markers of oxidative stress in the testicles were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** amount of androgen receptors in the testicles was determined by immunohistochemistry,and the susceptibility of testosterone and DEHP to bind to androgen receptor and 5α-reductase was determined by molecular docking ***:DEHP decreased reproductive hormones,testicular antioxidant enzymes,increased malondialdehyde levels,and negatively impacted histology of the pituitary and *** or ZnSO_(4) treatment showed a marked improvement in testicular antioxidant status and hormone levels,as well as a positive effect on the histology of the pituitary and *** combination of both treatments appeared to be more *** affinity of DEHP to bind to androgen receptors may lead to disruption of androgen receptor signaling,which can further result in dysfunction of hormones related to ***,NAC is more likely to form stronger binding interactions with follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone receptors,as well as gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors,when compared to ***:The pos

关键词： Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate Testosterone Androgen receptor 5α-reductase Oestrogen Luteinizing hormone

Eubacterium coprostanoligenes alleviates chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis by enhancing intestinal mucus barrier

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1677-1692页

作者： Dongsheng Bai Jiawei Zhao Runde Wang Jiaying Du Chen Zhou Chunyang Gu Yuxiang Wang Lulu Zhang Yue Zhao Na Lu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and InterventionDepartment of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medicine and Clinical PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 210009China department of Clinical pharmacology School of PharmacyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China

Chemotherapy-induced mucositis represents a severe adverse outcome of cancer treatment,significantly curtailing the efficacy of these treatments and,in some cases,resulting in fatal *** identifying intestinal epithelial cell damage as a key factor in chemotherapy-induced mucositis,the paucity of effective treatments for such damage is *** our study,we discovered that Eubacterium coprostanoligenes promotes mucin secretion by goblet cells,thereby fortifying the integrity of the intestinal mucus *** enhanced barrier function serves to resist microbial invasion and sub-sequently reduces the inflammatory ***,this effect remains unobtrusive to the anti-tumor efficacy of chemotherapy ***,*** up-regulates the expression of AUF1,leading to the stabilization of Muc2 mRNA and an increase in mucin synthesis in goblet *** espe-cially significant finding is that *** activates the AhR pathway,thereby promoting the expression of *** summary,our results strongly indicate that *** enhances the intestinal mucus barrier,effec-tively alleviating chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis by activating the AhR/AUFl pathway,consequently enhancing Muc2 mRNA stability.

关键词： Chemotherapy Mucositis Eubacterium coprostanoligenes MUC2 AUF1

Aerobic interval training preconditioning protocols inhibit isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling in rats:Implications on oxidative balance,autophagy,and apoptosis

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 344-357页

作者： Hakimeh Shahsavarnajand Bonab Javad Tolouei Azar Hamid Soraya Akbar Nouri Habashi department of Exercise physiology and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport SciencesUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran department of pharmacology and Toxicology School of PharmacyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran

This study aimed to investigate the potential cardioprotective effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic interval training(MIIT and HIIT)*** focus was on histological changes,pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance,autophagy initiation,and apoptosis in myocardial tissue incited by isoproterenol-induced pathological cardiac remodeling(ISO-induced PCR).Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control(n=6),ISO(n=8),MIIT(n=4),HIIT(n=4),MIIT+ISO(n=8),and HIIT+ISO(n=8)*** MIIT and HIIT protocols were administered for 10 weeks,followed by the induction of cardiac remodeling using subcutaneous injection of ISO(100 mg/kg for two consecutive days).Alterations in heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),rate pressure product(RPP),myocardial oxygen consumption(MVO_(2)),cardiac hypertrophy,histopathological changes,prooxidant-antioxidant balance,autophagy biomarkers(Beclin-1,Atg7,p62,LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ),and apoptotic cell distribution were *** findings revealed that the MIIT+ISO and HIIT+ISO groups demonstrated diminished myocardial damage,hemorrhage,immune cell infiltration,edema,necrosis,and apoptosis compared to ISO induced *** and HIIT preconditioning mitigated HR,enhanced MAP,and preserved MVO_(2)and *** pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance was sustained in both MIIT+ISO and HIIT+ISO groups,with MIIT primarily inhibiting pro-apoptotic autophagy progression through maintaining pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance,and HIIT promoting pro-survival *** results demonstrated the beneficial effects of both MIIT and HIIT as AITs preconditioning in ameliorating ISO-induced PCR by improving exercise capacity,hemodynamic parameters,and histopathological *** of these protective effects can be attributed to the modulation of cardiac apoptosis,autophagy,and oxidative stress.

关键词： Pathological cardiac remodeling Aerobic interval training preconditioning Oxidative stress Autophagy Apoptosis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第8期14卷 319-330页

作者： Priya Bhardwaj Swarnabha Sarkar Ritu Mishra department of pharmacology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029India department of physiology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029India department of Zoology University of AllahabadPrayagrajUttar Pradesh-211002India

The recently re-emerged mpox(monkeypox)virus that causes mpox disease is a member of genus Orthopoxvirus and has unprecedentedly spread *** studies have contributed to our understanding of its evolution,pathophysiology,and clinical *** current outbreak of the mpox virus depicts its novel route of transmission as a new ***,the exact reason for its transition from an epidemic to a pandemic remains ***,other poxviruses such as vaccinia virus,variola virus,and cowpox virus,also belong to the same genus,*** the present review,our objective was to summarize the evidence on evolution,pathophysiology,and clinical manifestations of mpox virus and its related *** present review would aid in a better understanding of the current circulating mpox virus and its differences from other *** addition,the shared genetic factors contributing to virulence in these Orthopoxvirus highlight their evolutionary connections and genetic *** they exhibit differences in virulence,studying these genetic relationships is crucial for understanding their biology,pathogenicity,and the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapeutics to curb mpox disease.

关键词： Evolution Mpox Orthopoxviruses Pathophysiology Poxviruses Transmission

Sexual dimorphism of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1635-1636页

作者： Sara Aljoudi Hamdan Hamdan Khaled S.Abd-Elrahman department of physiology and Immunology College of Medicine and Health SciencesKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center(HEIC) Khalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates department of Anesthesiology Pharmacology and Therapeuticsand Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada department of pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Medicine and Health ScienceKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates department of pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt

G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)represent the most substantial family of membrane receptors that are targeted by *** and Drug Administration-approved *** of the preclinical research to understand the pharmacology of... 详细信息

关键词： drugs clinical targeted

Pathological and Physiological High-frequency Oscillations on Electroencephalography in Patients with Epilepsy

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第5期40卷 609-620页

作者： Hongyi Ye Cong Chen Shennan A.Weiss Shuang Wang department of Neurology Epilepsy CenterSecond Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310009China department of Neurology State University of New York DownstateBrooklynNY11203USA department of physiology and pharmacology State University of New York DownstateBrooklynNY11203USA department of Neurology New York City Health+Hospitals/Kings CountyBrooklynNY11203USA

High-frequency oscillations(HFOs)encompass ripples(80 Hz–200 Hz)and fast ripples(200 Hz–600 Hz),serving as a promising biomarker for localizing the epileptogenic zone in *** fast ripples are always pathological,while ripples may be physiological or *** physiological from pathological ripples is important not only for designating epileptogenic brain regions,but also for investigations that study ripples in the context of memory encoding,consolidation,and recall in patients with *** studies have sought to identify distinguishing features between pathological and physiological ripples over the past two *** and pathological ripples differ with respect to their spatial location,cellular mechanisms,morphology,and coupling with background electroencephalographic *** studies have demonstrated that differentiating between pathological and physiological ripples can improve surgical outcome *** this review,we summarize the characteristics,differences,and applications of pathological and physiological HFOs and discuss strategies for their clinical translation.

关键词： Ripples Epilepsy Memory Sleep Surgical outcome